{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4391164090","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3357945","title":"Data-Driven Modeling of Frequency Dynamics Observed in Operating Microgrids: A South African University Campus Case Study","display_name":"Data-Driven Modeling of Frequency Dynamics Observed in Operating Microgrids: A South African University Campus Case Study","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4391164090","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3357945"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2024.3357945","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3357945","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/10413558.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/10413558.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5076365399","display_name":"Jacques Maritz","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1556-8523"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I26999989","display_name":"University of the Free State","ror":"https://ror.org/009xwd568","country_code":"ZA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I26999989"]}],"countries":["ZA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jacques Maritz","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Engineering Sciences, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1556-8523","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Engineering Sciences, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I26999989"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5025650516","display_name":"Leonardo Rydin Gorj\u00e3o","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5513-0580"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I54108979","display_name":"Norwegian University of Life Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/04a1mvv97","country_code":"NO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I54108979"]}],"countries":["NO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Leonardo Rydin Gorj\u00e3o","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Science and Technology, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, &#x00C5;s, Norway"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Science and Technology, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, &#x00C5;s, Norway","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I54108979"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5062062516","display_name":"Philip Armand Bester","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I107920810","display_name":"National Health Laboratory Service","ror":"https://ror.org/00znvbk37","country_code":"ZA","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I107920810"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I26999989","display_name":"University of the Free State","ror":"https://ror.org/009xwd568","country_code":"ZA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I26999989"]}],"countries":["ZA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"P. Armand Bester","raw_affiliation_strings":["Division of Virology, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa","Division of Virology, University of the Free State and National Health Laboratory Service (NHLS), Bloemfontein, South Africa"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Division of Virology, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I26999989"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Division of Virology, University of the Free State and National Health Laboratory Service (NHLS), Bloemfontein, South Africa","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I107920810","https://openalex.org/I26999989"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5058658530","display_name":"Nicolaas Esterhuysen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0393-117X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I26999989","display_name":"University of the Free State","ror":"https://ror.org/009xwd568","country_code":"ZA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I26999989"]}],"countries":["ZA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nicolaas Esterhuysen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Facilities Planning, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0393-117X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Facilities Planning, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I26999989"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5037279993","display_name":"Stephanus Erasmus","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1529-9469"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I26999989","display_name":"University of the Free State","ror":"https://ror.org/009xwd568","country_code":"ZA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I26999989"]}],"countries":["ZA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Stefaans Erasmus","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Soil and Crop and Climate Sciences, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa","Department of Soil And Crop And Climate Sciences, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1529-9469","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Soil and Crop and Climate Sciences, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I26999989"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Soil And Crop And Climate Sciences, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I26999989"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5021616829","display_name":"Stephanus Riekert","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4976-9569"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I26999989","display_name":"University of the Free State","ror":"https://ror.org/009xwd568","country_code":"ZA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I26999989"]}],"countries":["ZA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Stephanus Riekert","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Information and Communication Technology Services, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa","Department of Information And Communication Technology Services, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4976-9569","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Information and Communication Technology Services, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I26999989"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Information And Communication Technology Services, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I26999989"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5093776165","display_name":"Reuben Immelman","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7166-788X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I26999989","display_name":"University of the Free State","ror":"https://ror.org/009xwd568","country_code":"ZA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I26999989"]}],"countries":["ZA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Reuben Immelman","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Engineering Sciences, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7166-788X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Engineering Sciences, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I26999989"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5093776166","display_name":"Tiaan Geldenhuys","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I26999989","display_name":"University of the Free State","ror":"https://ror.org/009xwd568","country_code":"ZA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I26999989"]}],"countries":["ZA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tiaan Geldenhuys","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Engineering Sciences, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Engineering Sciences, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I26999989"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5104233468","display_name":"Alexandra Viljoen","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I26999989","display_name":"University of the Free State","ror":"https://ror.org/009xwd568","country_code":"ZA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I26999989"]}],"countries":["ZA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alexandra Viljoen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Engineering Sciences, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Engineering Sciences, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I26999989"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5093776164","display_name":"Charl Bodenstein","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-0501-5661"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I26999989","display_name":"University of the Free State","ror":"https://ror.org/009xwd568","country_code":"ZA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I26999989"]}],"countries":["ZA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Charl Bodenstein","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Engineering Sciences, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-0501-5661","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Engineering Sciences, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I26999989"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":10,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.00414489,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"12","issue":null,"first_page":"14466","last_page":"14473"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11052","display_name":"Energy Load and Power Forecasting","score":0.9991000294685364,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11052","display_name":"Energy Load and Power Forecasting","score":0.9991000294685364,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10603","display_name":"Smart Grid Energy Management","score":0.9941999912261963,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10305","display_name":"Power System Optimization and Stability","score":0.991599977016449,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/microgrid","display_name":"Microgrid","score":0.9138709306716919},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/automatic-frequency-control","display_name":"Automatic frequency control","score":0.7018097043037415},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/photovoltaic-system","display_name":"Photovoltaic system","score":0.5548181533813477},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5475260019302368},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mains-electricity","display_name":"Mains electricity","score":0.547222375869751},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/controller","display_name":"Controller (irrigation)","score":0.5029668211936951},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/demand-response","display_name":"Demand response","score":0.47896793484687805},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/grid","display_name":"Grid","score":0.46740084886550903},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/frequency-regulation","display_name":"Frequency regulation","score":0.43589261174201965},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/inertia","display_name":"Inertia","score":0.43529850244522095},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control-engineering","display_name":"Control engineering","score":0.39954644441604614},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.3711695671081543},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electricity","display_name":"Electricity","score":0.3661960959434509},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control","display_name":"Control (management)","score":0.3526649475097656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/automotive-engineering","display_name":"Automotive engineering","score":0.32834330201148987},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.30970996618270874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power","display_name":"Power (physics)","score":0.2752543091773987},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.2612692415714264},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electric-power-system","display_name":"Electric power system","score":0.24164381623268127},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.10144972801208496}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776784348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5762595","display_name":"Microgrid","level":3,"score":0.9138709306716919},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C25915539","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q220786","display_name":"Automatic frequency control","level":2,"score":0.7018097043037415},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41291067","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1897785","display_name":"Photovoltaic system","level":2,"score":0.5548181533813477},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5475260019302368},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184773241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q387400","display_name":"Mains electricity","level":3,"score":0.547222375869751},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203479927","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165939","display_name":"Controller (irrigation)","level":2,"score":0.5029668211936951},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779438525","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5255048","display_name":"Demand response","level":3,"score":0.47896793484687805},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187691185","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2020720","display_name":"Grid","level":2,"score":0.46740084886550903},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2983304839","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1747997","display_name":"Frequency regulation","level":4,"score":0.43589261174201965},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110407247","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q122508","display_name":"Inertia","level":2,"score":0.43529850244522095},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C133731056","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4917288","display_name":"Control engineering","level":1,"score":0.39954644441604614},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.3711695671081543},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C206658404","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12725","display_name":"Electricity","level":2,"score":0.3661960959434509},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775924081","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55608371","display_name":"Control (management)","level":2,"score":0.3526649475097656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C171146098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q124192","display_name":"Automotive engineering","level":1,"score":0.32834330201148987},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.30970996618270874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.2752543091773987},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.2612692415714264},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89227174","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2388981","display_name":"Electric power system","level":3,"score":0.24164381623268127},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.10144972801208496},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13280743","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131089","display_name":"Geodesy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74650414","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11397","display_name":"Classical mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165801399","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25428","display_name":"Voltage","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C6557445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173113","display_name":"Agronomy","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2024.3357945","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3357945","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/10413558.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:906b03efcf1a4c30b545858c735a8dcf","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/906b03efcf1a4c30b545858c735a8dcf","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 12, Pp 14466-14473 (2024)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:nmbu.brage.unit.no:11250/3116844","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/11250/3116844","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401716","display_name":"Duo Research Archive (University of Oslo)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I184942183","host_organization_name":"University of Oslo","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I184942183"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"14466-14473","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/other"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2024.3357945","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3357945","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/10413558.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","score":0.6499999761581421,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4391164090.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":25,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2017821362","https://openalex.org/W2071602085","https://openalex.org/W2071889960","https://openalex.org/W2093362058","https://openalex.org/W2102787760","https://openalex.org/W2221831393","https://openalex.org/W2538592069","https://openalex.org/W2779000226","https://openalex.org/W2892700689","https://openalex.org/W2900792554","https://openalex.org/W2973923287","https://openalex.org/W2974059088","https://openalex.org/W2990752252","https://openalex.org/W3022439851","https://openalex.org/W3099975916","https://openalex.org/W3105483507","https://openalex.org/W3106208511","https://openalex.org/W3135493169","https://openalex.org/W3153448608","https://openalex.org/W4214767129","https://openalex.org/W4240788980","https://openalex.org/W4254437322","https://openalex.org/W4319081463","https://openalex.org/W4323305984","https://openalex.org/W4385694752"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2076021085","https://openalex.org/W3006223230","https://openalex.org/W2424479016","https://openalex.org/W4361858950","https://openalex.org/W4311032191","https://openalex.org/W2902950381","https://openalex.org/W4390418544","https://openalex.org/W2380475562","https://openalex.org/W2386414721","https://openalex.org/W2061539888"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"South":[0,49],"Africa":[1],"has":[2],"been":[3],"experiencing":[4],"an":[5,68],"energy":[6],"crisis":[7],"since":[8],"2007.":[9],"Utility":[10],"loadshedding":[11],"became":[12],"the":[13,41,53,102,106,109,127,132,135,139,142,148,151,162,176,181,190],"main":[14,169],"control":[15,90],"for":[16,67,72],"under-frequency":[17],"events":[18],"due":[19],"to":[20,40,47,59,82,92],"a":[21,73,124],"mismatch":[22],"in":[23],"generation":[24],"and":[25,36,87,138,147,161,178,189],"consumption.":[26],"Rolling":[27],"blackouts":[28],"are":[29,78,114,159,166],"further":[30],"supported":[31],"by":[32],"failing":[33],"electrical":[34],"infrastructure":[35],"illegal":[37],"(non-metered)":[38],"connections":[39],"distribution":[42],"network.":[43],"A":[44,116],"common":[45],"remedy":[46],"mandatory":[48],"African":[50],"loadshedding,":[51],"from":[52],"perspective":[54],"of":[55,105,108,150,171,180,184,192,196],"university":[56],"campuses,":[57],"is":[58,121],"deploy":[60],"hybrid":[61],"photovoltaic-diesel":[62],"(PV-diesel)":[63],"microgrids":[64,77],"that":[65],"allow":[66],"uninterrupted":[69],"power":[70],"supply":[71],"few":[74],"hours.":[75],"Campus":[76],"typically":[79],"smaller":[80],"compared":[81],"national":[83],"utilities":[84],"(less":[85],"inertia)":[86],"require":[88],"sensitive":[89],"schemes":[91],"remain":[93],"stable.":[94],"In":[95],"this":[96,172],"paper,":[97],"frequency":[98,129,144,157,182,197],"recordings":[99],"associated":[100],"with":[101],"operating":[103],"microgrid":[104,140,143],"University":[107],"Free":[110],"State":[111],"QwaQwa":[112],"campus":[113,187],"analysed.":[115],"simplistic":[117],"stochastic":[118],"mathematical":[119],"model":[120,125],"presented":[122],"as":[123],"describing":[126,131],"observed":[128],"dynamics,":[130],"transition":[133],"between":[134],"utility":[136],"grid":[137],"state,":[141],"controller":[145],"response,":[146],"influence":[149],"PV":[152],"generators.":[153],"Moreover,":[154],"inter-campus":[155],"synchronous":[156,194],"measurements":[158,195],"showcased":[160],"future":[163],"implications":[164],"thereof":[165],"discussed.":[167],"The":[168],"contributions":[170],"paper":[173],"focus":[174],"on":[175],"recording":[177],"modelling":[179],"dynamics":[183],"fully":[185],"functioning":[186],"microgrids,":[188],"showcasing":[191],"continuous":[193],"at":[198],"two":[199],"different":[200],"campuses.":[201]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
