{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4391092746","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3356586","title":"An NN-Aided Near-and-Far-Field Classifier via Channel Hankelization in XL-MIMO Systems","display_name":"An NN-Aided Near-and-Far-Field Classifier via Channel Hankelization in XL-MIMO Systems","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4391092746","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3356586"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2024.3356586","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3356586","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/10410833.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/10410833.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100360504","display_name":"Jung-Hwan Kim","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-3042-3093"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I205490536","display_name":"Dongguk University","ror":"https://ror.org/057q6n778","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205490536"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jung-Hwan Kim","raw_affiliation_strings":["Division of Electronics and Electrical Engineering, Dongguk University-Seoul, Seoul, Republic of Korea"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-3042-3093","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Division of Electronics and Electrical Engineering, Dongguk University-Seoul, Seoul, Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I205490536"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103122808","display_name":"Dong-Hwan Kim","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-4326-1427"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I197347611","display_name":"Korea University","ror":"https://ror.org/047dqcg40","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I197347611"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dong-Hwan Kim","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electro-Mechanical Engineering, Korea University, Sejong-si, Republic of Korea"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-4326-1427","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electro-Mechanical Engineering, Korea University, Sejong-si, Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I197347611"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5082853852","display_name":"Mustafa \u00d6zger","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8517-7996"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I86987016","display_name":"KTH Royal Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/026vcq606","country_code":"SE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I86987016"]}],"countries":["SE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mustafa Ozger","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8517-7996","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I86987016"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5106342070","display_name":"Woong\u2010Hee Lee","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1064-5123"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I205490536","display_name":"Dongguk University","ror":"https://ror.org/057q6n778","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205490536"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Woong-Hee Lee","raw_affiliation_strings":["Division of Electronics and Electrical Engineering, Dongguk University-Seoul, Seoul, Republic of Korea"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1064-5123","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Division of Electronics and Electrical Engineering, Dongguk University-Seoul, Seoul, Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I205490536"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":0.2483,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.42616027,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":95,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"12","issue":null,"first_page":"41934","last_page":"41941"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10148","display_name":"Advanced MIMO Systems Optimization","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10148","display_name":"Advanced MIMO Systems Optimization","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12791","display_name":"Full-Duplex Wireless Communications","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10936","display_name":"Millimeter-Wave Propagation and Modeling","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/near-and-far-field","display_name":"Near and far field","score":0.7175838947296143},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6153813004493713},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mimo","display_name":"MIMO","score":0.5793318152427673},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/classifier","display_name":"Classifier (UML)","score":0.5186711549758911},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/channel","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","score":0.4212309420108795},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.4199334383010864},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.3909807503223419},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.19026079773902893},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.12112787365913391},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optics","display_name":"Optics","score":0.054146528244018555}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C25227671","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13405516","display_name":"Near and far field","level":2,"score":0.7175838947296143},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6153813004493713},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207987634","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176862","display_name":"MIMO","level":3,"score":0.5793318152427673},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95623464","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1096149","display_name":"Classifier (UML)","level":2,"score":0.5186711549758911},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.4212309420108795},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4199334383010864},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.3909807503223419},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.19026079773902893},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.12112787365913391},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.054146528244018555}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2024.3356586","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3356586","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/10410833.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:d7df9e7d62aa41ac9f01cad1659c7794","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/d7df9e7d62aa41ac9f01cad1659c7794","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 12, Pp 41934-41941 (2024)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2024.3356586","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3356586","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/10410833.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.41999998688697815,"display_name":"Climate action","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/13"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1081881980","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2021RIS\u2010004","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321408","funder_display_name":"Ministry of Education"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1425363173","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2021RIS-004","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320671","funder_display_name":"National Research Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1532178269","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2021RIS\u2010 004","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322120","funder_display_name":"National Research Foundation of Korea"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2180300699","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2021RIS-004","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320328359","funder_display_name":"Ministry of Science and ICT, South Korea"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4789025033","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"RS-2023-00217885","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335489","funder_display_name":"Institute for Information and Communications Technology Promotion"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7360623507","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"RS-2023-00217885","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322030","funder_display_name":"Ministry of Science, ICT and Future Planning"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8895856429","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"No. RS-2023-00217885","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335489","funder_display_name":"Institute for Information and Communications Technology Promotion"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320671","display_name":"National Research Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/05s0g1g46"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321408","display_name":"Ministry of Education","ror":"https://ror.org/01p262204"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322030","display_name":"Ministry of Science, ICT and Future Planning","ror":"https://ror.org/032e49973"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322120","display_name":"National Research Foundation of Korea","ror":"https://ror.org/013aysd81"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322724","display_name":"Ministry of Education, India","ror":"https://ror.org/048xjjh50"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320328359","display_name":"Ministry of Science and ICT, South Korea","ror":"https://ror.org/01wpjm123"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335489","display_name":"Institute for Information and Communications Technology Promotion","ror":"https://ror.org/01g0hqq23"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4391092746.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4391092746.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":24,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2115485558","https://openalex.org/W2116334496","https://openalex.org/W2141682101","https://openalex.org/W2187089797","https://openalex.org/W2336403911","https://openalex.org/W2339667469","https://openalex.org/W2553591559","https://openalex.org/W2608096495","https://openalex.org/W2735938380","https://openalex.org/W2736115624","https://openalex.org/W2773254562","https://openalex.org/W2786259056","https://openalex.org/W2955897898","https://openalex.org/W2964003927","https://openalex.org/W2966084980","https://openalex.org/W2997786076","https://openalex.org/W2998872355","https://openalex.org/W3091391704","https://openalex.org/W3164550829","https://openalex.org/W3208187232","https://openalex.org/W4226370247","https://openalex.org/W4297094903","https://openalex.org/W4324125657","https://openalex.org/W4376481253"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2545343974","https://openalex.org/W4291895924","https://openalex.org/W1783583321","https://openalex.org/W2038397443","https://openalex.org/W2941374357","https://openalex.org/W2112785353","https://openalex.org/W2026727497","https://openalex.org/W2164866798","https://openalex.org/W1976502299","https://openalex.org/W4214657533"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Compared":[0],"to":[1,99,162,169,256],"classical":[2],"communication":[3,7],"systems,":[4],"sixth-generation":[5],"(6G)":[6],"requires":[8],"higher":[9],"data":[10,149],"rates,":[11],"lower":[12],"latency,":[13],"improved":[14],"energy":[15],"efficiency,":[16],"and":[17,51,67,75,102,116,172,196,259],"more":[18],"diverse":[19],"users.":[20],"To":[21],"satisfy":[22],"these":[23],"many":[24],"requirements,":[25],"the":[26,46,54,78,119,133,152,156,164,174,178,190,197,201,208,212,223,240,253],"extremely":[27],"large-scale":[28],"massive":[29],"multiple-input":[30],"multiple-output":[31],"(XL-MIMO)":[32],"system":[33,87],"is":[34,77,97,130,161,183,237],"attracting":[35],"attention":[36],"as":[37,90],"a":[38,49,52,82,85,94,107,145],"promising":[39],"technology":[40],"in":[41,58,81,123,126,218,232,249],"6G":[42],"communication.":[43],"Depending":[44],"on":[45,132],"distance":[47],"between":[48,73],"transmitter":[50],"receiver,":[53],"electromagnetic":[55],"radiation":[56],"channels":[57],"XL-MIMO":[59,127],"systems":[60],"are":[61],"divided":[62],"into":[63],"two":[64],"models:":[65],"near-field":[66,76,101,115,258],"far-field":[68,74,117,260],"channels.":[69,261],"The":[70],"main":[71],"difference":[72],"phase-linearity,":[79],"resulting":[80],"need":[83],"for":[84,113],"differentiated":[86],"design":[88],"such":[89],"beam":[91],"management.":[92],"As":[93],"consequence,":[95],"it":[96,160],"essential":[98],"classify":[100,257],"far-field.":[103],"This":[104],"paper":[105],"presents":[106],"new":[108],"neural":[109],"network":[110],"(NN)-aided":[111],"framework":[112,187],"classifying":[114],"using":[118,151,189],"partially":[120],"captured":[121],"channel":[122,157,180],"downlink":[124],"scenarios":[125],"systems.":[128],"It":[129,182,236],"based":[131],"mathematical":[134],"reasoning":[135],"that":[136,185,207,239],"an":[137],"effective":[138],"latent":[139],"space":[140],"can":[141],"be":[142],"constructed":[143],"with":[144],"small":[146,198],"amount":[147],"of":[148,155,177,193,200,215,229],"by":[150],"singular":[153,175],"values":[154,176],"Hankelization.":[158],"Briefly,":[159],"determine":[163],"one-hot":[165],"encoding":[166],"vector":[167],"corresponding":[168],"each":[170],"field":[171],"learn":[173],"Hankelized":[179],"matrix.":[181],"noteworthy":[184],"this":[186],"operates":[188],"short":[191],"length":[192],"input":[194],"vectors":[195],"size":[199],"training":[202],"dataset.":[203],"Simulation":[204],"results":[205],"show":[206],"proposed":[209,224,241],"method":[210,225,242],"shows":[211,226,243],"detection":[213,230],"rate":[214],"about":[216],"90%":[217],"almost":[219,227],"all":[220],"scenarios.":[221],"Interestingly,":[222],"100%":[228],"ratio":[231],"high":[233],"SNR":[234],"environments.":[235],"believed":[238],"superior":[244],"performance":[245],"than":[246],"na\u00efve":[247],"approaches":[248],"various":[250],"environments,":[251],"discovering":[252],"suitable":[254],"domain":[255]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-08-01T09:00:35.917206","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
