{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4390872128","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3354706","title":"Synergistic Integration of Transfer Learning and Deep Learning for Enhanced Object Detection in Digital Images","display_name":"Synergistic Integration of Transfer Learning and Deep Learning for Enhanced Object Detection in Digital Images","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4390872128","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3354706"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2024.3354706","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3354706","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/10400484.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/10400484.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5011704102","display_name":"Safa Riyadh Waheed","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2392-2545"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3131779051","display_name":"Iraqi University","ror":"https://ror.org/01wfhkb67","country_code":"IQ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3131779051"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4576418","display_name":"University of Technology Malaysia","ror":"https://ror.org/026w31v75","country_code":"MY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4576418"]}],"countries":["IQ","MY"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Safa Riyadh Waheed","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Engineering, School of Computing, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Skudai, Johor Bahru, Malaysia","Department of Computer Science, Islamic University, Najaf, Iraq"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2392-2545","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Engineering, School of Computing, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Skudai, Johor Bahru, Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4576418"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, Islamic University, Najaf, Iraq","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3131779051"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5040434438","display_name":"Norhaida Mohd Suaib","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4182-309X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4576418","display_name":"University of Technology Malaysia","ror":"https://ror.org/026w31v75","country_code":"MY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4576418"]}],"countries":["MY"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Norhaida Mohd Suaib","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Engineering, School of Computing, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Skudai, Johor Bahru, Malaysia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4182-309X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Engineering, School of Computing, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Skudai, Johor Bahru, Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4576418"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5085108752","display_name":"Mohd Shafry Mohd Rahim","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5074-2008"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4576418","display_name":"University of Technology Malaysia","ror":"https://ror.org/026w31v75","country_code":"MY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4576418"]}],"countries":["MY"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mohd Shafry Mohd Rahim","raw_affiliation_strings":["Media and Games Innovation Centre of Excellence, UTM-IRDA Digital Media Centre, Institute of Human Centred Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Skudai, Johor, Malaysia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5074-2008","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Media and Games Innovation Centre of Excellence, UTM-IRDA Digital Media Centre, Institute of Human Centred Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Skudai, Johor, Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4576418"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5037582767","display_name":"Amjad Rehman Khan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7234-0571"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I142024983","display_name":"Prince Sultan University","ror":"https://ror.org/053mqrf26","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I142024983"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Amjad Rehman Khan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Artificial Intelligence and Data Analytics Laboratory, College of Computer and Information Sciences, Prince Sultan University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7234-0571","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Artificial Intelligence and Data Analytics Laboratory, College of Computer and Information Sciences, Prince Sultan University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142024983"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5077942586","display_name":"Saeed Ali Bahaj","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3406-4320"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I142608572","display_name":"Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University","ror":"https://ror.org/04jt46d36","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I142608572"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I319841309","display_name":"Hadhramout University","ror":"https://ror.org/02kv0px94","country_code":"YE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I319841309"]}],"countries":["SA","YE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Saeed Ali Bahaj","raw_affiliation_strings":["MIS Department, College of Business Administration, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, AlKharj, Saudi Arabia","Department of Computer Engineering, College of Engineering and Petroleum, Hadhramout University University, Mukalla, Hadhramout, Yemen"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3406-4320","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"MIS Department, College of Business Administration, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, AlKharj, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142608572"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Engineering, College of Engineering and Petroleum, Hadhramout University University, Mukalla, Hadhramout, Yemen","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I319841309"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5018549351","display_name":"Tanzila Saba","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3138-3801"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I142024983","display_name":"Prince Sultan University","ror":"https://ror.org/053mqrf26","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I142024983"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tanzila Saba","raw_affiliation_strings":["Artificial Intelligence and Data Analytics Laboratory, College of Computer and Information Sciences, Prince Sultan University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Artificial Intelligence and Data Analytics Laboratory, College of Computer and Information Sciences, Prince Sultan University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142024983"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":4,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5011704102"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3131779051","https://openalex.org/I4576418"],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":4.4261,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":20,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.95463186,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":98,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"12","issue":null,"first_page":"13525","last_page":"13536"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10036","display_name":"Advanced Neural Network Applications","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10036","display_name":"Advanced Neural Network Applications","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10331","display_name":"Video Surveillance and Tracking Methods","score":0.9980000257492065,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12702","display_name":"Brain Tumor Detection and Classification","score":0.996999979019165,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2808","display_name":"Neurology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7235424518585205},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transfer-of-learning","display_name":"Transfer of learning","score":0.6535465717315674},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/object-detection","display_name":"Object detection","score":0.6305333971977234},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5515248775482178},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deep-learning","display_name":"Deep learning","score":0.5118579268455505},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.45578259229660034},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/object","display_name":"Object (grammar)","score":0.42225730419158936},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.2664855122566223}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7235424518585205},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C150899416","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1820378","display_name":"Transfer of learning","level":2,"score":0.6535465717315674},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776151529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3045304","display_name":"Object detection","level":3,"score":0.6305333971977234},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5515248775482178},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.5118579268455505},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.45578259229660034},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781238097","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175026","display_name":"Object (grammar)","level":2,"score":0.42225730419158936},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.2664855122566223}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2024.3354706","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3354706","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/10400484.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:a7563830b78b4628b21c5bb662d15f2d","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/a7563830b78b4628b21c5bb662d15f2d","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 12, Pp 13525-13536 (2024)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2024.3354706","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3354706","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/10400484.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4390872128.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4390872128.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":59,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1536680647","https://openalex.org/W1594098193","https://openalex.org/W1686810756","https://openalex.org/W2054105434","https://openalex.org/W2068730032","https://openalex.org/W2076063813","https://openalex.org/W2088049833","https://openalex.org/W2102605133","https://openalex.org/W2109255472","https://openalex.org/W2115579991","https://openalex.org/W2120419212","https://openalex.org/W2411741275","https://openalex.org/W2557728737","https://openalex.org/W2724573302","https://openalex.org/W2787630273","https://openalex.org/W2788859201","https://openalex.org/W2794169953","https://openalex.org/W2800554271","https://openalex.org/W2805650139","https://openalex.org/W2892094232","https://openalex.org/W2892924320","https://openalex.org/W2897969383","https://openalex.org/W2913323966","https://openalex.org/W2914162688","https://openalex.org/W2945998314","https://openalex.org/W2962759496","https://openalex.org/W2963037989","https://openalex.org/W2963231598","https://openalex.org/W2963542991","https://openalex.org/W2963853763","https://openalex.org/W2977638463","https://openalex.org/W2980867051","https://openalex.org/W2996291386","https://openalex.org/W2998245329","https://openalex.org/W3009836443","https://openalex.org/W3034099097","https://openalex.org/W3042572036","https://openalex.org/W3047126243","https://openalex.org/W3085780355","https://openalex.org/W3089499347","https://openalex.org/W3108535736","https://openalex.org/W3112902167","https://openalex.org/W3124539583","https://openalex.org/W3158798816","https://openalex.org/W3159440918","https://openalex.org/W3212659436","https://openalex.org/W4200445667","https://openalex.org/W4205271981","https://openalex.org/W4246059507","https://openalex.org/W4293391988","https://openalex.org/W4318706863","https://openalex.org/W6620707391","https://openalex.org/W6629368666","https://openalex.org/W6635419406","https://openalex.org/W6637373629","https://openalex.org/W6682132143","https://openalex.org/W6739941050","https://openalex.org/W6752675014","https://openalex.org/W6780861365"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4206357785","https://openalex.org/W4281381188","https://openalex.org/W3192840557","https://openalex.org/W2951211570","https://openalex.org/W4375928479","https://openalex.org/W3167935049","https://openalex.org/W3023427754","https://openalex.org/W3131673289","https://openalex.org/W4393011546","https://openalex.org/W2949096641"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Presently,":[0],"the":[1,6,21,66,81,88,96,163,197,200,217,240,263],"world":[2],"is":[3,19,36],"progressing":[4],"towards":[5],"notion":[7],"of":[8,16,24,54,69,83,98,165,191,199],"smart":[9,25,70,89,129],"and":[10,33,38,65,246,250,257],"secure":[11],"cities.":[12,71],"The":[13,172,224],"automatic":[14,73],"recognition":[15],"human":[17],"activity":[18,32],"among":[20],"essential":[22],"landmarks":[23],"city":[26,90,130],"surveillance":[27,91],"projects.":[28],"Moreover,":[29],"classifying":[30],"group":[31],"behavior":[34,41,74],"detection":[35,156,215],"complex":[37],"indistinct.":[39],"Consequently,":[40],"classification":[42,75],"systems":[43],"reliant":[44],"on":[45],"visual":[46],"data":[47],"hold":[48],"expansive":[49],"utility":[50],"across":[51],"a":[52,77,112,169,179,208],"spectrum":[53],"domains,":[55],"including":[56],"but":[57],"not":[58],"limited":[59],"to":[60,140,161,177,195,221,243],"video":[61],"surveillance,":[62],"human-computer":[63],"interaction,":[64],"safety":[67],"infrastructure":[68],"However,":[72],"poses":[76],"significant":[78],"challenge":[79],"in":[80,123,126,187],"context":[82],"live":[84],"videos":[85],"captured":[86],"by":[87],"system.":[92],"In":[93],"this":[94,133,135,228],"regard,":[95],"use":[97],"pictures":[99],"with":[100,151],"pre-trained":[101],"convolution":[102],"neural":[103,117],"networks":[104,118],"(CNNs)-assisted":[105],"transfer":[106],"learning":[107],"(TL)":[108,205],"has":[109],"emerged":[110],"as":[111,222],"potential":[113],"technique":[114],"for":[115,128,154,213],"deep":[116],"(DNNs)":[119],"object":[120,155,214],"detection.,":[121],"resulting":[122],"increased":[124],"performance":[125],"localization":[127],"surveillance.":[131],"Against":[132],"backdrop,":[134],"paper":[136],"explores":[137],"various":[138,248],"strategies":[139],"develop":[141],"advanced":[142],"synthetic":[143],"datasets":[144,174],"that":[145,167,227],"could":[146],"enhance":[147],"accuracy":[148],"when":[149],"trained":[150],"modern":[152],"DNNs":[153],"(mAP).":[157],"TL":[158],"was":[159],"employed":[160,194],"address":[162],"limitation":[164],"DL":[166,218],"necessitates":[168],"huge":[170],"dataset.":[171],"KITTI":[173],"were":[175,193],"used":[176],"train":[178],"contemporary":[180],"DNN":[181],"single-shot":[182],"multiple":[183],"box":[184],"detector":[185],"(SSMD)":[186],"TensorFlow.":[188],"A":[189],"variety":[190],"metrics":[192],"assess":[196],"efficacy":[198],"novel":[201],"automated":[202],"Transfer":[203],"Learning":[204],"system":[206,230],"within":[207,216,252,262],"real-world":[209],"context,":[210],"specifically":[211],"designed":[212],"framework":[219],"(referred":[220],"OD-SSMD).":[223],"results":[225],"unveiled":[226],"developed":[229],"outperformed":[231],"preceding":[232],"investigations,":[233],"demonstrating":[234],"superior":[235],"performance.":[236],"Notably,":[237],"it":[238],"exhibited":[239],"remarkable":[241],"capability":[242],"autonomously":[244],"discern":[245],"pinpoint":[247],"attributes":[249],"entities":[251],"digital":[253],"images,":[254],"effectively":[255],"identifying":[256],"localizing":[258],"each":[259],"item":[260],"present":[261],"images.":[264]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":6}],"updated_date":"2026-06-03T09:05:47.796612","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
