{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4390872173","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3354372","title":"Exploring Design Approaches for 3D Printed Antennas","display_name":"Exploring Design Approaches for 3D Printed Antennas","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4390872173","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3354372"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2024.3354372","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3354372","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/10400473.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/10400473.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5095926497","display_name":"Sa\u00fal S. Carvalho","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0000-3085-0696"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I169427155","display_name":"Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico de Leiria","ror":"https://ror.org/010dvvh94","country_code":"PT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I169427155"]}],"countries":["PT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sa\u00fal S. Carvalho","raw_affiliation_strings":["Polytechnic of Leiria, Leiria, Portugal"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0000-3085-0696","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Polytechnic of Leiria, Leiria, Portugal","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I169427155"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5026932022","display_name":"Jo\u00e3o R. Reis","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0356-9839"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I169427155","display_name":"Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico de Leiria","ror":"https://ror.org/010dvvh94","country_code":"PT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I169427155"]}],"countries":["PT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jo\u00e3o R. V. Reis","raw_affiliation_strings":["Polytechnic of Leiria, Leiria, Portugal"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0356-9839","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Polytechnic of Leiria, Leiria, Portugal","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I169427155"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5090401195","display_name":"Artur Mateus","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2483-9153"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I169427155","display_name":"Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico de Leiria","ror":"https://ror.org/010dvvh94","country_code":"PT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I169427155"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210111773","display_name":"Centimfe","ror":"https://ror.org/01t0p2n85","country_code":"PT","type":"other","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210111773"]}],"countries":["PT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Artur Mateus","raw_affiliation_strings":["Polytechnic of Leiria, Leiria, Portugal","Centre for Rapid and Sustainable Product Development, Marinha Grande, Portugal"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Polytechnic of Leiria, Leiria, Portugal","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I169427155"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centre for Rapid and Sustainable Product Development, Marinha Grande, Portugal","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210111773"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5037306092","display_name":"Rafael Caldeirinha","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0297-7870"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I169427155","display_name":"Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico de Leiria","ror":"https://ror.org/010dvvh94","country_code":"PT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I169427155"]}],"countries":["PT"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Rafael F. S. Caldeirinha","raw_affiliation_strings":["Polytechnic of Leiria, Leiria, Portugal"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0297-7870","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Polytechnic of Leiria, Leiria, Portugal","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I169427155"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5037306092"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I169427155"],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":38.4739,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":36,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99729409,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":99,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"12","issue":null,"first_page":"10718","last_page":"10735"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10069","display_name":"Antenna Design and Analysis","score":0.9983000159263611,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10069","display_name":"Antenna Design and Analysis","score":0.9983000159263611,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11383","display_name":"Advanced Antenna and Metasurface Technologies","score":0.9973000288009644,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12784","display_name":"Modular Robots and Swarm Intelligence","score":0.9850000143051147,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2210","display_name":"Mechanical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6415469646453857},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/3d-printing","display_name":"3D printing","score":0.5879222750663757},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bandwidth","display_name":"Bandwidth (computing)","score":0.5536071062088013},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/beamforming","display_name":"Beamforming","score":0.5215532779693604},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.5050643086433411},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reconfigurable-antenna","display_name":"Reconfigurable antenna","score":0.48147645592689514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/3d-printed","display_name":"3d printed","score":0.4700445234775543},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fabrication","display_name":"Fabrication","score":0.41767618060112},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/conformal-antenna","display_name":"Conformal antenna","score":0.410469651222229},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/antenna","display_name":"Antenna (radio)","score":0.4089759588241577},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radiation-pattern","display_name":"Radiation pattern","score":0.33122918009757996},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/antenna-efficiency","display_name":"Antenna efficiency","score":0.29376763105392456},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/slot-antenna","display_name":"Slot antenna","score":0.27835506200790405},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.23475101590156555},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.2175028920173645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mechanical-engineering","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","score":0.1058264672756195}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6415469646453857},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C524769229","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q229367","display_name":"3D printing","level":2,"score":0.5879222750663757},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776257435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1576430","display_name":"Bandwidth (computing)","level":2,"score":0.5536071062088013},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54197355","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5782992","display_name":"Beamforming","level":2,"score":0.5215532779693604},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.5050643086433411},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C131369404","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7554278","display_name":"Reconfigurable antenna","level":5,"score":0.48147645592689514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3019308078","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q229367","display_name":"3d printed","level":2,"score":0.4700445234775543},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136525101","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5428139","display_name":"Fabrication","level":3,"score":0.41767618060112},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C182697305","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5160244","display_name":"Conformal antenna","level":5,"score":0.410469651222229},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21822782","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131214","display_name":"Antenna (radio)","level":2,"score":0.4089759588241577},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151764478","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q571921","display_name":"Radiation pattern","level":3,"score":0.33122918009757996},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160844929","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55604036","display_name":"Antenna efficiency","level":4,"score":0.29376763105392456},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C109026120","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2369099","display_name":"Slot antenna","level":4,"score":0.27835506200790405},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.23475101590156555},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.2175028920173645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78519656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101333","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","level":1,"score":0.1058264672756195},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142724271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208","display_name":"Pathology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136229726","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q327092","display_name":"Biomedical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204787440","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188504","display_name":"Alternative medicine","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2024.3354372","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3354372","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/10400473.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:37c0b8e554f54e81a1c0631130e7bd57","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/37c0b8e554f54e81a1c0631130e7bd57","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 12, Pp 10718-10735 (2024)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2024.3354372","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3354372","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/10400473.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4390872173.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4390872173.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":34,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2883849272","https://openalex.org/W2890953386","https://openalex.org/W2908033343","https://openalex.org/W2912640124","https://openalex.org/W2913191498","https://openalex.org/W2928272103","https://openalex.org/W2966871352","https://openalex.org/W2970154190","https://openalex.org/W2997612014","https://openalex.org/W3005954654","https://openalex.org/W3010726299","https://openalex.org/W3014870377","https://openalex.org/W3043595068","https://openalex.org/W3111811889","https://openalex.org/W3116354294","https://openalex.org/W3128250907","https://openalex.org/W3136553746","https://openalex.org/W4214524871","https://openalex.org/W4221135227","https://openalex.org/W4285179870","https://openalex.org/W4293812329","https://openalex.org/W4311998592","https://openalex.org/W4312840269","https://openalex.org/W4312934913","https://openalex.org/W4319068746","https://openalex.org/W4321608138","https://openalex.org/W4362653681","https://openalex.org/W4365129085","https://openalex.org/W4367663182","https://openalex.org/W4379985113","https://openalex.org/W4388016262","https://openalex.org/W4388052882","https://openalex.org/W4388108814","https://openalex.org/W6847518698"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3036311796","https://openalex.org/W1955801659","https://openalex.org/W4285543619","https://openalex.org/W3060781368","https://openalex.org/W3134271515","https://openalex.org/W4319589397","https://openalex.org/W2582005554","https://openalex.org/W3131618301","https://openalex.org/W3158363272","https://openalex.org/W3010466765"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0,124],"comprehensive":[1],"review":[2,22,125],"explores":[3],"advancements":[4],"in":[5,81,132],"the":[6,24,75,82,127],"design,":[7],"fabrication":[8],"and":[9,31,38,48,52,70,93,107,121,140],"performance":[10],"evaluation":[11],"of":[12,26,78,84,129],"three-dimensional":[13],"(3D)":[14],"printed":[15],"antennas,":[16],"across":[17],"different":[18],"frequency":[19],"ranges.":[20],"The":[21,72],"highlights":[23],"use":[25],"diverse":[27],"printing":[28,80,97,119,131],"methods,":[29],"materials":[30],"structures,":[32],"to":[33,57,101,118],"achieve":[34],"specific":[35],"antenna":[36,59,133],"characteristics":[37],"designs,":[39],"such":[40,63],"as":[41,64],"wide":[42],"bandwidth,":[43,66],"high":[44],"gain,":[45,69],"circular":[46],"polarization,":[47],"beamforming":[49],"capabilities.":[50],"Simulation":[51],"measurement":[53],"results":[54],"are":[55,99],"compared":[56],"assess":[58],"performance,":[60],"considering":[61],"parameters":[62],"impedance":[65],"radiation":[67],"patterns,":[68],"efficiency.":[71],"findings":[73],"showcase":[74],"significant":[76],"potential":[77],"3D":[79,130],"development":[83],"antennas":[85,103],"for":[86],"wireless":[87],"communications,":[88],"terahertz":[89],"fr":[90],"equencies,":[91],"transmitarray,":[92],"multi-beam":[94],"systems.":[95],"Various":[96],"techniques":[98],"employed":[100],"fabricate":[102],"with":[104],"complex":[105],"geometries":[106],"optimized":[108],"performance.":[109,142],"Rigorous":[110],"measurements":[111],"validate":[112],"simulation":[113],"results,":[114],"addressing":[115],"challenges":[116],"related":[117],"resolution":[120],"material":[122],"selection.":[123],"emphasizes":[126],"contributions":[128],"engineering,":[134],"offering":[135],"customization":[136],"capabilities,":[137],"rapid":[138],"3D,":[139],"improved":[141]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":18},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":12}],"updated_date":"2026-07-15T18:14:33.161393","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}