{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4390872035","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3354270","title":"Deep Learning-Based Classification of Gamma Photon Interaction in Room-Temperature Semiconductor Radiation Detectors","display_name":"Deep Learning-Based Classification of Gamma Photon Interaction in Room-Temperature Semiconductor Radiation Detectors","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4390872035","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3354270"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2024.3354270","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3354270","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/10400458.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/10400458.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5008633368","display_name":"Sandeep K. Chaudhuri","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4277-121X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I155781252","display_name":"University of South Carolina","ror":"https://ror.org/02b6qw903","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I155781252"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sandeep K. Chaudhuri","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4277-121X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I155781252"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103268286","display_name":"Qinyang Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0000-1544-8754"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I155781252","display_name":"University of South Carolina","ror":"https://ror.org/02b6qw903","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I155781252"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qinyang Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0000-1544-8754","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I155781252"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5023193415","display_name":"Krishna C. Mandal","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7945-7366"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I155781252","display_name":"University of South Carolina","ror":"https://ror.org/02b6qw903","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I155781252"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Krishna C. Mandal","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7945-7366","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I155781252"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5060537711","display_name":"Jianjun Hu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8725-6660"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I155781252","display_name":"University of South Carolina","ror":"https://ror.org/02b6qw903","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I155781252"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jianjun Hu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8725-6660","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I155781252"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I155781252"],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":0.3032,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.48364862,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":95},"biblio":{"volume":"12","issue":null,"first_page":"20313","last_page":"20325"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12386","display_name":"Advanced X-ray and CT Imaging","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12386","display_name":"Advanced X-ray and CT Imaging","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11637","display_name":"Advanced Semiconductor Detectors and Materials","score":0.9987000226974487,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11216","display_name":"Radiation Detection and Scintillator Technologies","score":0.9962000250816345,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3108","display_name":"Radiation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/detector","display_name":"Detector","score":0.7512840628623962},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/photon","display_name":"Photon","score":0.729996919631958},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/compton-scattering","display_name":"Compton scattering","score":0.7229081392288208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.710475504398346},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optics","display_name":"Optics","score":0.6042484045028687},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/semiconductor-detector","display_name":"Semiconductor detector","score":0.5828428268432617},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/photoelectric-effect","display_name":"Photoelectric effect","score":0.5445634722709656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gamma-ray","display_name":"Gamma ray","score":0.4974365532398224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/semiconductor","display_name":"Semiconductor","score":0.4916248917579651},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radiation","display_name":"Radiation","score":0.42258191108703613},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optoelectronics","display_name":"Optoelectronics","score":0.39157065749168396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nuclear-physics","display_name":"Nuclear physics","score":0.20013338327407837}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94915269","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1834857","display_name":"Detector","level":2,"score":0.7512840628623962},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159317903","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3198","display_name":"Photon","level":2,"score":0.729996919631958},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C61203554","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q171516","display_name":"Compton scattering","level":3,"score":0.7229081392288208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.710475504398346},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.6042484045028687},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148704626","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q257415","display_name":"Semiconductor detector","level":3,"score":0.5828428268432617},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71570822","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83213","display_name":"Photoelectric effect","level":2,"score":0.5445634722709656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C7910260","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11523","display_name":"Gamma ray","level":2,"score":0.4974365532398224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108225325","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11456","display_name":"Semiconductor","level":2,"score":0.4916248917579651},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153385146","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18335","display_name":"Radiation","level":2,"score":0.42258191108703613},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49040817","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193091","display_name":"Optoelectronics","level":1,"score":0.39157065749168396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185544564","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q81197","display_name":"Nuclear physics","level":1,"score":0.20013338327407837}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2024.3354270","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3354270","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/10400458.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:175fdc0e65bb4eada6e1e3b15a9e2de4","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/175fdc0e65bb4eada6e1e3b15a9e2de4","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 12, Pp 20313-20325 (2024)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2024.3354270","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3354270","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/10400458.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.8299999833106995,"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4542483587","display_name":"RII Track 1: Materials Assembly and Design Excellence in South Carolina: MADE in SC","funder_award_id":"1655740","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8900294520","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"1655740","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320338283","funder_display_name":"Office of Experimental Program to Stimulate Competitive Research"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320319233","display_name":"South Carolina EPSCoR","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320338283","display_name":"Office of Experimental Program to Stimulate Competitive Research","ror":"https://ror.org/04k9mqs78"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4390872035.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4390872035.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":27,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1544796203","https://openalex.org/W1964408641","https://openalex.org/W1969890998","https://openalex.org/W1983455375","https://openalex.org/W2034272656","https://openalex.org/W2035819635","https://openalex.org/W2084214109","https://openalex.org/W2468165811","https://openalex.org/W2964118901","https://openalex.org/W3037636468","https://openalex.org/W3082833877","https://openalex.org/W3162426962","https://openalex.org/W3168158750","https://openalex.org/W3183767601","https://openalex.org/W3189632606","https://openalex.org/W4200039099","https://openalex.org/W4205201122","https://openalex.org/W4366147780","https://openalex.org/W4366158327","https://openalex.org/W4366290830","https://openalex.org/W4380422421","https://openalex.org/W4385351576","https://openalex.org/W4385707470","https://openalex.org/W4385945563","https://openalex.org/W4386543820","https://openalex.org/W4386624451","https://openalex.org/W4387025475"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2364694815","https://openalex.org/W4310509327","https://openalex.org/W1489357421","https://openalex.org/W2364722704","https://openalex.org/W4360847222","https://openalex.org/W153250942","https://openalex.org/W2054640110","https://openalex.org/W4392447268","https://openalex.org/W2008550067","https://openalex.org/W2071231505"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Photon":[0],"counting":[1],"radiation":[2],"detectors":[3,26,63,194],"have":[4,68],"become":[5],"an":[6],"integral":[7],"part":[8],"of":[9,22,57,72,117],"medical":[10],"imaging":[11],"modalities":[12],"such":[13,174],"as":[14,175],"Positron":[15],"Emission":[16],"Tomography":[17],"or":[18,97],"Computed":[19],"Tomography.":[20],"One":[21],"the":[23,28,38,43,160],"most":[24],"promising":[25],"is":[27,81],"wide":[29],"bandgap":[30],"room":[31],"temperature":[32],"semiconductor":[33,62,123],"detectors,":[34],"which":[35,49,67],"depends":[36],"on":[37],"interaction":[39,53],"gamma/x-ray":[40,118],"photons":[41,119],"with":[42,120],"detector":[44,137],"material":[45],"involves":[46],"Compton":[47,76,87,112],"scattering":[48,113],"leads":[50],"to":[51,84,133],"multiple":[52],"photon":[54],"events":[55,89,92],"(MIPEs)":[56],"a":[58,69,104,185],"single":[59],"photon.":[60],"For":[61],"like":[64],"CdZnTeSe":[65,121],"(CZTS),":[66],"high":[70,156,191],"overlap":[71],"detected":[73],"energies":[74],"between":[75,86,111],"and":[77,114,139,144,178],"photoelectric":[78,91,115],"events,":[79],"it":[80],"nearly":[82],"impossible":[83],"distinguish":[85],"scattered":[88],"from":[90],"using":[93,130,141],"conventional":[94],"readout":[95],"electronics":[96],"signal":[98],"processing":[99],"algorithms.":[100],"Herein,":[101],"we":[102],"report":[103],"deep":[105],"learning":[106],"classifier":[107],"CoPhNet":[108,126,152],"that":[109,150],"distinguishes":[110],"interactions":[116],"(CZTS)":[122],"detectors.":[124],"Our":[125,181],"model":[127,153],"was":[128],"trained":[129],"simulated":[131,143,161],"data":[132],"resemble":[134],"actual":[135],"CZTS":[136],"pulses":[138],"validated":[140],"both":[142],"experimental":[145],"data.":[146],"These":[147],"results":[148],"demonstrated":[149],"our":[151],"can":[154],"achieve":[155],"classification":[157],"accuracy":[158],"over":[159],"test":[162],"set.":[163],"It":[164],"also":[165],"holds":[166],"its":[167],"performance":[168],"robustness":[169],"under":[170],"operating":[171],"parameter":[172],"shifts":[173],"Signal-Noise-Ratio":[176],"(SNR)":[177],"incident":[179],"energy.":[180],"work":[182],"thus":[183],"show":[184],"positive":[186],"direction":[187],"for":[188,195],"developing":[189],"next-generation":[190],"energy":[192],"gamma-rays":[193],"better":[196],"biomedical":[197],"imaging.":[198]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-03-27T05:58:40.876381","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}