{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4390872558","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3354065","title":"Optimization of Operating Cost and Energy Consumption in a Smart Grid","display_name":"Optimization of Operating Cost and Energy Consumption in a Smart Grid","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4390872558","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3354065"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2024.3354065","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3354065","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/10399640.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/10399640.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5048524113","display_name":"Baqer Saleh Mahdi","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130343225","display_name":"Universiti Putra Malaysia","ror":"https://ror.org/02e91jd64","country_code":"MY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130343225"]}],"countries":["MY"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Baqer Saleh Mahdi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, University of Putra Malaysia (UPM), Seri Kembangan, Malaysia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2737-5545","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, University of Putra Malaysia (UPM), Seri Kembangan, Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130343225"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5063212967","display_name":"Nasri Sulaiman","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8795-2068"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130343225","display_name":"Universiti Putra Malaysia","ror":"https://ror.org/02e91jd64","country_code":"MY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130343225"]}],"countries":["MY"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nasri Sulaiman","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, University of Putra Malaysia (UPM), Seri Kembangan, Malaysia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, University of Putra Malaysia (UPM), Seri Kembangan, Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130343225"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5022251520","display_name":"Mohanad Abd Shehab","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2941-0762"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I15873915","display_name":"Mustansiriyah University","ror":"https://ror.org/05s04wy35","country_code":"IQ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I15873915"]}],"countries":["IQ"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mohanad Abd Shehab","raw_affiliation_strings":["Electrical Engineering Department, College of Engineering, Mustansiriyah University, Baghdad, Iraq"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electrical Engineering Department, College of Engineering, Mustansiriyah University, Baghdad, Iraq","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I15873915"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5054157431","display_name":"Suhaidi Shafie","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8867-2754"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130343225","display_name":"Universiti Putra Malaysia","ror":"https://ror.org/02e91jd64","country_code":"MY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130343225"]}],"countries":["MY"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Suhaidi Shafie","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, University of Putra Malaysia (UPM), Seri Kembangan, Malaysia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, University of Putra Malaysia (UPM), Seri Kembangan, Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130343225"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5025649286","display_name":"Hashim Hizam","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130343225","display_name":"Universiti Putra Malaysia","ror":"https://ror.org/02e91jd64","country_code":"MY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130343225"]}],"countries":["MY"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hashim Hizam","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, University of Putra Malaysia (UPM), Seri Kembangan, Malaysia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3763-3093","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, University of Putra Malaysia (UPM), Seri Kembangan, Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130343225"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5005370210","display_name":"Siti Lailatul Mohd Hassan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9065-8417"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I82724352","display_name":"Universiti Teknologi MARA","ror":"https://ror.org/05n8tts92","country_code":"MY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I82724352"]}],"countries":["MY"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Siti Lailatul Binti Mohd Hassan","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical Engineering, College of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia","College of Engineering, School of Electrical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9065-8417","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical Engineering, College of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82724352"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Engineering, School of Electrical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82724352"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5048524113"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130343225"],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":5.3143,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":27,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.96152381,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"12","issue":null,"first_page":"18837","last_page":"18850"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10603","display_name":"Smart Grid Energy Management","score":0.9983000159263611,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10603","display_name":"Smart Grid Energy Management","score":0.9983000159263611,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10121","display_name":"Building Energy and Comfort Optimization","score":0.9901000261306763,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2215","display_name":"Building and Construction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11052","display_name":"Energy Load and Power Forecasting","score":0.9771000146865845,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/microgrid","display_name":"Microgrid","score":0.7384887933731079},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6830564141273499},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/renewable-energy","display_name":"Renewable energy","score":0.5597620010375977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/genetic-algorithm","display_name":"Genetic algorithm","score":0.5531750917434692},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/energy-consumption","display_name":"Energy consumption","score":0.5450502038002014},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-optimization","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","score":0.5371753573417664},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sorting","display_name":"Sorting","score":0.4852040112018585},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/smart-grid","display_name":"Smart grid","score":0.4735412001609802},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/demand-response","display_name":"Demand response","score":0.4629790186882019},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scheduling","display_name":"Scheduling (production processes)","score":0.45836931467056274},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electricity","display_name":"Electricity","score":0.3681645393371582},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/simulation","display_name":"Simulation","score":0.3664037585258484},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.17690354585647583}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776784348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5762595","display_name":"Microgrid","level":3,"score":0.7384887933731079},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6830564141273499},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188573790","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12705","display_name":"Renewable energy","level":2,"score":0.5597620010375977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C8880873","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q187787","display_name":"Genetic algorithm","level":2,"score":0.5531750917434692},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780165032","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16869822","display_name":"Energy consumption","level":2,"score":0.5450502038002014},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126255220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141495","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","level":1,"score":0.5371753573417664},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111696304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2303697","display_name":"Sorting","level":2,"score":0.4852040112018585},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10558101","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q689855","display_name":"Smart grid","level":2,"score":0.4735412001609802},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779438525","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5255048","display_name":"Demand response","level":3,"score":0.4629790186882019},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C206729178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2271896","display_name":"Scheduling (production processes)","level":2,"score":0.45836931467056274},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C206658404","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12725","display_name":"Electricity","level":2,"score":0.3681645393371582},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44154836","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q45045","display_name":"Simulation","level":1,"score":0.3664037585258484},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.17690354585647583},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2024.3354065","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3354065","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/10399640.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:psasir.upm.edu.my:105750","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/105750/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196260","display_name":"Universiti Putra Malaysia Institutional Repository (Universiti Putra Malaysia)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I130343225","host_organization_name":"Universiti Putra Malaysia","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130343225"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:cbfb25367dbc42d88f874481f168baf8","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/cbfb25367dbc42d88f874481f168baf8","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 12, Pp 18837-18850 (2024)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2024.3354065","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3354065","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/10399640.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","score":0.8899999856948853,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4390872558.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4390872558.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":35,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1478845038","https://openalex.org/W1875357670","https://openalex.org/W2602234186","https://openalex.org/W2791817929","https://openalex.org/W2799080304","https://openalex.org/W2801298794","https://openalex.org/W2886364386","https://openalex.org/W2901273228","https://openalex.org/W2905253810","https://openalex.org/W2913977726","https://openalex.org/W2921665857","https://openalex.org/W2962127938","https://openalex.org/W2964597657","https://openalex.org/W2969583644","https://openalex.org/W2995820067","https://openalex.org/W3001857180","https://openalex.org/W3002802958","https://openalex.org/W3003441966","https://openalex.org/W3014646690","https://openalex.org/W3016783267","https://openalex.org/W3034315953","https://openalex.org/W3036785826","https://openalex.org/W3037848022","https://openalex.org/W3044245743","https://openalex.org/W3045412096","https://openalex.org/W3045954728","https://openalex.org/W3046119158","https://openalex.org/W3116074034","https://openalex.org/W3126442977","https://openalex.org/W3126566819","https://openalex.org/W3141475005","https://openalex.org/W3162781959","https://openalex.org/W4211068554","https://openalex.org/W4229440761","https://openalex.org/W4382560869"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1589973774","https://openalex.org/W2171108821","https://openalex.org/W2353074559","https://openalex.org/W2074513827","https://openalex.org/W1498762745","https://openalex.org/W2402141875","https://openalex.org/W148990555","https://openalex.org/W2023642087","https://openalex.org/W3006936859","https://openalex.org/W1987040457"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"paper":[1],"introduces":[2],"an":[3,24],"optimal":[4,109,122,150],"bi-objective":[5],"optimization":[6,99],"methodology":[7],"customized":[8],"for":[9,125],"microgrid":[10],"systems,":[11],"encompassing":[12],"economic,":[13],"technological,":[14],"and":[15,37,68,77,128,149,166,187,212],"environmental":[16],"considerations.":[17],"The":[18,63,88,115,181],"framework":[19],"portrays":[20],"the":[21,57,108,112,121,136,141,175,185,195,226],"objectives":[22],"of":[23,60,66,135,177,189],"intelligent":[25],"microgrid,":[26],"aiming":[27],"to":[28,53,56,97,106,173],"minimize":[29],"operational":[30,123],"costs,":[31],"CO2":[32,162],"emissions,":[33,163],"peak-to-average":[34,207],"ratio":[35,208],"(PAR),":[36],"energy":[38,58,129,147,151,167],"consumption":[39],"while":[40],"concurrently":[41],"enhancing":[42],"user":[43,164],"comfort":[44],"(UC).":[45],"A":[46,101],"scheduled":[47],"power":[48],"allocation":[49],"strategy":[50],"is":[51,71,95,104],"formulated":[52],"efficiently":[54],"cater":[55],"needs":[59],"residential":[61],"loads.":[62],"stochastic":[64],"nature":[65],"wind":[67,75],"solar":[69,78],"resources":[70,148],"characterized":[72],"by":[73,205,210,215,221],"modeling":[74],"speed":[76],"radiation":[79],"intensity":[80],"using":[81],"a":[82,132,199,222],"beta":[83],"probability":[84],"density":[85],"function":[86],"(PDF).":[87],"non-dominated":[89,113],"sorting":[90],"genetic":[91],"algorithm":[92,197],"II":[93],"(NSGA-II)":[94],"employed":[96],"address":[98],"challenges.":[100],"decision-making":[102],"process":[103],"implemented":[105],"select":[107],"solution":[110],"from":[111],"alternatives.":[114],"study":[116],"presents":[117],"three":[118],"scenarios":[119],"illustrating":[120],"values":[124],"various":[126],"parameters":[127],"consumption,":[130],"providing":[131],"comprehensive":[133],"analysis":[134,224],"proposed":[137,179,196],"algorithm\u2019s":[138],"efficacy.":[139],"Leveraging":[140],"NSGA-II":[142],"algorithm,":[143],"coupled":[144],"with":[145,225],"renewable":[146],"storage":[152],"system":[153],"scheduling,":[154],"yielded":[155],"significant":[156],"reductions":[157],"in":[158,202,217],"overall":[159],"expenses,":[160],"PAR,":[161],"discomfort,":[165],"consumption.":[168],"MATLAB":[169],"simulations":[170],"were":[171],"conducted":[172],"substantiate":[174],"efficacy":[176],"our":[178,190],"approach.":[180,193],"obtained":[182],"results":[183],"underscore":[184],"effectiveness":[186],"productivity":[188],"devised":[191],"NSGA-II-based":[192],"Notably,":[194],"demonstrated":[198],"substantial":[200],"reduction":[201],"electricity":[203],"costs":[204],"19.0%,":[206],"(PAR)":[209],"30.7%,":[211],"carbon":[213],"emissions":[214],"21.7%":[216],"scenario-3,":[218],"as":[219],"evidenced":[220],"comparative":[223],"unscheduled":[227],"case.":[228]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":21},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-05-06T08:25:59.206177","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
