{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4390692031","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3352445","title":"CCG-YOLOv7: A Wood Defect Detection Model for Small Targets Using Improved YOLOv7","display_name":"CCG-YOLOv7: A Wood Defect Detection Model for Small Targets Using Improved YOLOv7","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4390692031","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3352445"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2024.3352445","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3352445","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/10387682.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/10387682.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5029809100","display_name":"Wenqi Cui","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1295-4392"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I167027274","display_name":"Nanjing Forestry University","ror":"https://ror.org/03m96p165","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I167027274"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wenqi Cui","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Mechanical and Electronic Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China","College of Mechanical and Electronic Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Mechanical and Electronic Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I167027274"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Mechanical and Electronic Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I167027274"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5000496166","display_name":"Zhenye Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8087-993X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I167027274","display_name":"Nanjing Forestry University","ror":"https://ror.org/03m96p165","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I167027274"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhenye Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Mechanical and Electronic Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China","College of Mechanical and Electronic Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8087-993X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Mechanical and Electronic Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I167027274"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Mechanical and Electronic Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I167027274"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5093670694","display_name":"Anning Duanmu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I167027274","display_name":"Nanjing Forestry University","ror":"https://ror.org/03m96p165","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I167027274"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Anning Duanmu","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Mechanical and Electronic Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China","College of Mechanical and Electronic Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Mechanical and Electronic Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I167027274"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Mechanical and Electronic Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I167027274"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5090243512","display_name":"Sheng Xue","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5923-1119"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I167027274","display_name":"Nanjing Forestry University","ror":"https://ror.org/03m96p165","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I167027274"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sheng Xue","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Mechanical and Electronic Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China","College of Mechanical and Electronic Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5923-1119","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Mechanical and Electronic Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I167027274"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Mechanical and Electronic Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I167027274"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5067329785","display_name":"Yiren Guo","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I167027274","display_name":"Nanjing Forestry University","ror":"https://ror.org/03m96p165","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I167027274"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yiren Guo","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Mechanical and Electronic Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China","College of Mechanical and Electronic Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Mechanical and Electronic Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I167027274"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Mechanical and Electronic Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I167027274"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102888366","display_name":"Chao Ni","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3492-627X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I167027274","display_name":"Nanjing Forestry University","ror":"https://ror.org/03m96p165","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I167027274"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chao Ni","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Mechanical and Electronic Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China","College of Mechanical and Electronic Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3492-627X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Mechanical and Electronic Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I167027274"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Mechanical and Electronic Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I167027274"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102846092","display_name":"Tingting Zhu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1210-079X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I167027274","display_name":"Nanjing Forestry University","ror":"https://ror.org/03m96p165","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I167027274"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tingting Zhu","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Mechanical and Electronic Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China","College of Mechanical and Electronic Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Mechanical and Electronic Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I167027274"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Mechanical and Electronic Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I167027274"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5055136896","display_name":"Yajun Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9807-8214"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I167027274","display_name":"Nanjing Forestry University","ror":"https://ror.org/03m96p165","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I167027274"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yajun Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Mechanical and Electronic Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China","College of Mechanical and Electronic Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9807-8214","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Mechanical and Electronic Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I167027274"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Mechanical and Electronic Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I167027274"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I167027274"],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":5.6287,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":20,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.95871637,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":98,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"12","issue":null,"first_page":"10575","last_page":"10585"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12111","display_name":"Industrial Vision Systems and Defect Detection","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2209","display_name":"Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12111","display_name":"Industrial Vision Systems and Defect Detection","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2209","display_name":"Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11605","display_name":"Visual Attention and Saliency Detection","score":0.9786999821662903,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10036","display_name":"Advanced Neural Network Applications","score":0.968999981880188,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.514884352684021}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.514884352684021}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2024.3352445","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3352445","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/10387682.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:3abb47ff2bc84d53bc49a70e11d7a877","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/3abb47ff2bc84d53bc49a70e11d7a877","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 12, Pp 10575-10585 (2024)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2024.3352445","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3352445","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/10387682.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4810815692","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62006120","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5408474909","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62203223","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8429380377","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"31570714","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4390692031.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4390692031.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":25,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1971440723","https://openalex.org/W1988299413","https://openalex.org/W2099637433","https://openalex.org/W2102487607","https://openalex.org/W2150117494","https://openalex.org/W2605132254","https://openalex.org/W2792396843","https://openalex.org/W2986442261","https://openalex.org/W2994590618","https://openalex.org/W2995434605","https://openalex.org/W3006488808","https://openalex.org/W3014030691","https://openalex.org/W3030449688","https://openalex.org/W3031155504","https://openalex.org/W3047236570","https://openalex.org/W3088172692","https://openalex.org/W3097740275","https://openalex.org/W3100180829","https://openalex.org/W3170697543","https://openalex.org/W3207330732","https://openalex.org/W4284971087","https://openalex.org/W4311626662","https://openalex.org/W4324118670","https://openalex.org/W4386076325","https://openalex.org/W4386798944"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4391375266","https://openalex.org/W2899084033","https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W2390279801","https://openalex.org/W4391913857","https://openalex.org/W2358668433","https://openalex.org/W4396701345","https://openalex.org/W2376932109","https://openalex.org/W2001405890","https://openalex.org/W4396696052"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,57,123],"Chinese":[1],"furniture":[2],"market":[3],"has":[4],"a":[5,51],"high":[6],"demand":[7],"for":[8,115],"wood":[9,15,35,46,120],"floors.":[10,36],"Manual":[11],"defect":[12,32],"detection":[13,33,111],"in":[14,22,34,45],"floors":[16],"is":[17,25,60],"inefficient":[18],"and":[19,95,98,113,139,150,157],"lacks":[20],"stability":[21],"accuracy.":[23],"It":[24],"necessary":[26],"to":[27,91,142],"conduct":[28],"research":[29],"on":[30,55,119,131],"automatic":[31],"To":[37],"improve":[38],"the":[39,62,77,80,83,86,93,100,104,110,132,143],"accuracy":[40,112],"of":[41,65,103],"detecting":[42,116],"small":[43,117,129],"defects":[44,118,130],"floors,":[47],"this":[48],"paper":[49,69],"proposed":[50],"new":[52,58],"network":[53,59,125],"based":[54],"YOLOv7.":[56],"called":[61],"cascade":[63,71],"center":[64],"gravity":[66],"YOLOv7(CCG-YOLOv7).":[67],"This":[68],"designed":[70],"efficient":[72],"layer":[73,102],"aggregation":[74],"networks(C-ELAN),":[75],"streamlined":[76],"CBS,":[78],"replaced":[79],"ELAN":[81],"with":[82],"C-ELAN,":[84],"introduced":[85],"rapid":[87],"supervised":[88],"attention":[89],"module":[90],"connect":[92],"backbone":[94],"head":[96,101],"layers,":[97],"simplified":[99],"YOLOv7":[105],"network.":[106],"These":[107],"methods":[108],"improved":[109,124],"speed":[114],"floor":[121],"surfaces.":[122],"can":[126],"effectively":[127],"detect":[128],"wooden":[133],"board":[134],"surfaces,":[135],"including":[136],"knots,":[137],"scratches,":[138],"mildew.":[140],"Compared":[141],"original":[144],"YOLOv7,":[145],"CCG-YOLOv7":[146],"improves":[147],"precision,":[148],"recall,":[149],"mean":[151],"average":[152],"precision":[153],"by":[154],"2.1%,":[155],"1.6%,":[156],"1.2%,":[158],"respectively.":[159]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":9}],"updated_date":"2026-03-27T05:58:40.876381","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}