{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4390768213","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3351946","title":"Enhancing Phishing Detection: A Novel Hybrid Deep Learning Framework for Cybercrime Forensics","display_name":"Enhancing Phishing Detection: A Novel Hybrid Deep Learning Framework for Cybercrime Forensics","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4390768213","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3351946"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2024.3351946","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3351946","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/10384876.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/10384876.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5023687470","display_name":"Faisal S. Alsubaei","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7332-3773"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210099699","display_name":"University of Jeddah","ror":"https://ror.org/015ya8798","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210099699"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Faisal S. Alsubaei","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Cybersecurity, College of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Jeddah, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7332-3773","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Cybersecurity, College of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Jeddah, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210099699"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5058352305","display_name":"Abdulwahab Ali Almazroi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7181-2100"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210099699","display_name":"University of Jeddah","ror":"https://ror.org/015ya8798","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210099699"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Abdulwahab Ali Almazroi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Information Technology, College of Computing and Information Technology at Khulais, University of Jeddah, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7181-2100","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Information Technology, College of Computing and Information Technology at Khulais, University of Jeddah, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210099699"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5030827985","display_name":"Nasir Ayub","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1153-5401"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I899713450","display_name":"Air University","ror":"https://ror.org/03yfe9v83","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I899713450"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nasir Ayub","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Creative Technologies, Air University Islamabad, Islamabad, Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1153-5401","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Creative Technologies, Air University Islamabad, Islamabad, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I899713450"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":60.4126,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":92,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99919197,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":99,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"12","issue":null,"first_page":"8373","last_page":"8389"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11644","display_name":"Spam and Phishing Detection","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11644","display_name":"Spam and Phishing Detection","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12357","display_name":"Digital Media Forensic Detection","score":0.9987999796867371,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11598","display_name":"Internet Traffic Analysis and Secure E-voting","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8357832431793213},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/phishing","display_name":"Phishing","score":0.6965347528457642},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/discriminative-model","display_name":"Discriminative model","score":0.5808613300323486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature-extraction","display_name":"Feature extraction","score":0.5798851251602173},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/digital-forensics","display_name":"Digital forensics","score":0.5545679926872253},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.5416271686553955},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5410595536231995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/malware","display_name":"Malware","score":0.48165762424468994},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/margin","display_name":"Margin (machine learning)","score":0.4595552682876587},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.44668516516685486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","score":0.42442458868026733},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.3907986581325531},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.287411630153656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/the-internet","display_name":"The Internet","score":0.1244865357875824}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8357832431793213},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C83860907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q135005","display_name":"Phishing","level":3,"score":0.6965347528457642},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97931131","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5282087","display_name":"Discriminative model","level":2,"score":0.5808613300323486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52622490","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1026626","display_name":"Feature extraction","level":2,"score":0.5798851251602173},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C84418412","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3246940","display_name":"Digital forensics","level":2,"score":0.5545679926872253},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.5416271686553955},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5410595536231995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C541664917","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14001","display_name":"Malware","level":2,"score":0.48165762424468994},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C774472","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6760393","display_name":"Margin (machine learning)","level":2,"score":0.4595552682876587},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.44668516516685486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776401178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12050496","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.42442458868026733},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.3907986581325531},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.287411630153656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110875604","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q75","display_name":"The Internet","level":2,"score":0.1244865357875824},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2024.3351946","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3351946","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/10384876.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:7642894402ef43f78993a796390bf9ee","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/7642894402ef43f78993a796390bf9ee","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 12, Pp 8373-8389 (2024)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2024.3351946","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3351946","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/10384876.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10","score":0.5699999928474426,"display_name":"Reduced inequalities"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5191195776","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"UJ-21-ICI-6","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320329038","funder_display_name":"University of Jeddah"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320329038","display_name":"University of Jeddah","ror":"https://ror.org/015ya8798"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4390768213.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4390768213.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":47,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2148143831","https://openalex.org/W2524620548","https://openalex.org/W2779627157","https://openalex.org/W2793962651","https://openalex.org/W2800391419","https://openalex.org/W2940137237","https://openalex.org/W2941357291","https://openalex.org/W2944184818","https://openalex.org/W2949984248","https://openalex.org/W2963613787","https://openalex.org/W2971561269","https://openalex.org/W3020917774","https://openalex.org/W3027172182","https://openalex.org/W3033013607","https://openalex.org/W3085804088","https://openalex.org/W3106126975","https://openalex.org/W3110435694","https://openalex.org/W3126651474","https://openalex.org/W3133843004","https://openalex.org/W3146533344","https://openalex.org/W3165340574","https://openalex.org/W3181734985","https://openalex.org/W3185256938","https://openalex.org/W3204134770","https://openalex.org/W3206998138","https://openalex.org/W3207470445","https://openalex.org/W4213081600","https://openalex.org/W4213287278","https://openalex.org/W4281654741","https://openalex.org/W4281884841","https://openalex.org/W4312202522","https://openalex.org/W4313216189","https://openalex.org/W4313396799","https://openalex.org/W4313492216","https://openalex.org/W4313588323","https://openalex.org/W4313824596","https://openalex.org/W4318275388","https://openalex.org/W4319077879","https://openalex.org/W4319597429","https://openalex.org/W4319988351","https://openalex.org/W4319996419","https://openalex.org/W4319996608","https://openalex.org/W4320736920","https://openalex.org/W4321483498","https://openalex.org/W4365440968","https://openalex.org/W4367598850","https://openalex.org/W4385811614"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2149202530","https://openalex.org/W2807822918","https://openalex.org/W2921723332","https://openalex.org/W2482950156","https://openalex.org/W3042334625","https://openalex.org/W3139248031","https://openalex.org/W4200017362","https://openalex.org/W2305322260","https://openalex.org/W2118123121","https://openalex.org/W4388020458"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Protecting":[0],"against":[1,228,234],"interference":[2,235],"is":[3,75,110],"essential":[4,12],"at":[5],"a":[6,22,138,162,167,181,222],"time":[7,165],"when":[8,83],"wireless":[9,237],"communications":[10],"are":[11,88],"for":[13,40,63,217],"sending":[14],"large":[15],"amounts":[16],"of":[17,51,96,106,141,169,172,175,178,184,253],"data.":[18],"Our":[19],"research":[20,241],"presents":[21],"novel":[23],"deep":[24],"learning":[25],"technique,":[26],"the":[27,48,79,104,111,118,225,251,257],"ResNeXt":[28],"method":[29,121],"and":[30,54,85,161,180,194,214,219,248],"embedded":[31],"Gated":[32],"Recurrent":[33],"Unit":[34],"(GRU)":[35],"model":[36,132,152],"(RNT),":[37],"rigorously":[38],"developed":[39],"real-time":[41],"phishing":[42,52,127,229],"attack":[43,128],"detection.":[44],"Focused":[45],"on":[46,125,208],"countering":[47],"escalating":[49],"threat":[50],"assaults":[53],"bolstering":[55],"digital":[56,209],"forensics,":[57,210],"our":[58,107,130,151,239],"systematic":[59],"approach":[60],"involves":[61],"SMOTE":[62,192,196],"managing":[64],"data":[65,69,101,245],"imbalance":[66],"during":[67],"initial":[68],"processing.":[70],"The":[71,93],"model\u2019s":[72],"discriminative":[73],"capability":[74],"improved,":[76],"particularly":[77],"in":[78,224,236,250],"feature":[80,91,97],"extraction":[81,98],"process,":[82],"autoencoders":[84],"ResNet":[86],"(EARN)":[87],"integrated":[89],"with":[90,166,191],"engineering.":[92],"ensemble":[94],"technique":[95],"reveals":[99],"crucial":[100],"patterns.":[102],"At":[103],"core":[105],"AI":[108,131,204,240],"categorization":[109],"RNT":[112],"model,":[113],"optimized":[114,215],"using":[115],"hyperparameters":[116],"through":[117],"Jaya":[119],"optimization":[120],"(RNT-J).":[122],"Rigorously":[123],"tested":[124],"real":[126],"datasets,":[129],"consistently":[133],"outperforms":[134],"state-of-the-art":[135,203],"algorithms":[136],"by":[137],"substantial":[139],"margin":[140],"11%":[142],"to":[143,199,243],"19%":[144],"while":[145],"maintaining":[146],"exceptional":[147],"computing":[148],"efficiency.":[149],"Furthermore,":[150],"achieves":[153],"98%":[154],"accuracy,":[155],"low":[156],"false":[157],"positive/false":[158],"negative":[159],"values,":[160],"statistical":[163],"execution":[164],"mean":[168],"36.99s,":[170],"median":[171],"35.99s,":[173],"minimum":[174],"34.99s,":[176],"maximum":[177],"41.99s,":[179],"standard":[182],"deviation":[183],"1.10s.":[185],"Moreover,":[186],"it":[187],"demonstrates":[188],"superior":[189],"accuracy":[190],"(98%)":[193],"without":[195],"(83%)":[197],"compared":[198],"other":[200],"algorithms.":[201],"This":[202],"study,":[205],"which":[206],"focuses":[207],"offers":[211],"enhanced":[212],"security":[213],"productivity":[216],"businesses":[218],"industries,":[220],"signifying":[221],"breakthrough":[223],"continuing":[226],"battle":[227],"attempts.":[230],"Through":[231],"strengthening":[232],"protection":[233],"communication,":[238],"strives":[242],"amplify":[244],"accessibility,":[246],"resilience,":[247],"trustworthiness":[249],"face":[252],"cybersecurity":[254],"threats":[255],"within":[256],"organizational":[258],"context.":[259]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":22},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":55},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":15}],"updated_date":"2026-08-02T14:50:37.381335","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
