{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4390659873","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3351475","title":"A Miniaturized Metamaterial-Loaded Switched-Beam Antenna Array System With Enhanced Bandwidth for 5G Applications","display_name":"A Miniaturized Metamaterial-Loaded Switched-Beam Antenna Array System With Enhanced Bandwidth for 5G Applications","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4390659873","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3351475"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2024.3351475","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3351475","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/10384396.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/10384396.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5048765185","display_name":"Arshad Karimbu Vallappil","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4302-6150"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I132487946","display_name":"Institute of Space Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/01vbgty78","country_code":"ES","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I132487946","https://openalex.org/I134820265"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Arshad Karimbu Vallappil","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Space Sciences (ICE-CSIC), Campus UAB, Barcelona, Spain"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4302-6150","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Space Sciences (ICE-CSIC), Campus UAB, Barcelona, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I132487946"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5024376824","display_name":"M. K. A. Rahim","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5488-9277"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4576418","display_name":"University of Technology Malaysia","ror":"https://ror.org/026w31v75","country_code":"MY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4576418"]}],"countries":["MY"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mohamad Kamal A. Rahim","raw_affiliation_strings":["Advance RF and Microwave Research Group (ARFMRG), Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM), Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5488-9277","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Advance RF and Microwave Research Group (ARFMRG), Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM), Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4576418"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5034962640","display_name":"Bilal A. Khawaja","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1537-5502"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210151290","display_name":"Islamic University of Madinah","ror":"https://ror.org/03rcp1y74","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210151290"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bilal A. Khawaja","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Islamic University of Madinah, Madinah, Saudi Arabia","Department of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Islamic University of Madinah, P.O. BOX, Madinah, Saudi Arabia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1537-5502","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Islamic University of Madinah, Madinah, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210151290"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Islamic University of Madinah, P.O. BOX, Madinah, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210151290"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5091164054","display_name":"Muhammad Naeem Iqbal","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2237-6810"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4576418","display_name":"University of Technology Malaysia","ror":"https://ror.org/026w31v75","country_code":"MY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4576418"]}],"countries":["MY"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Muhammad Naeem Iqbal","raw_affiliation_strings":["Advance RF and Microwave Research Group (ARFMRG), Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM), Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2237-6810","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Advance RF and Microwave Research Group (ARFMRG), Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM), Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4576418"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5048765185"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I132487946"],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":18.7901,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":14,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98852559,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":98,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"12","issue":null,"first_page":"6684","last_page":"6697"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10069","display_name":"Antenna Design and Analysis","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10069","display_name":"Antenna Design and Analysis","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10936","display_name":"Millimeter-Wave Propagation and Modeling","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10262","display_name":"Microwave Engineering and Waveguides","score":0.9991000294685364,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/metamaterial","display_name":"Metamaterial","score":0.5797950029373169},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/materials-science","display_name":"Materials science","score":0.5639197826385498},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/return-loss","display_name":"Return loss","score":0.5079074501991272},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/beamforming","display_name":"Beamforming","score":0.5002899169921875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/antenna-array","display_name":"Antenna array","score":0.4841049909591675},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bandwidth","display_name":"Bandwidth (computing)","score":0.4323121905326843},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/microwave","display_name":"Microwave","score":0.4302114248275757},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/phase-shift-module","display_name":"Phase shift module","score":0.41793856024742126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/resonator","display_name":"Resonator","score":0.41465091705322266},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/insertion-loss","display_name":"Insertion loss","score":0.4057704210281372},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optoelectronics","display_name":"Optoelectronics","score":0.39825308322906494},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/antenna","display_name":"Antenna (radio)","score":0.3931768238544464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optics","display_name":"Optics","score":0.35268259048461914},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.3483484983444214},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.3006814122200012},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.2924066483974457}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110367647","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q497166","display_name":"Metamaterial","level":2,"score":0.5797950029373169},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.5639197826385498},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C196901423","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3933836","display_name":"Return loss","level":3,"score":0.5079074501991272},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54197355","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5782992","display_name":"Beamforming","level":2,"score":0.5002899169921875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62191587","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4771249","display_name":"Antenna array","level":3,"score":0.4841049909591675},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776257435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1576430","display_name":"Bandwidth (computing)","level":2,"score":0.4323121905326843},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44838205","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q127995","display_name":"Microwave","level":2,"score":0.4302114248275757},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C103864889","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4480524","display_name":"Phase shift module","level":3,"score":0.41793856024742126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97126364","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q349669","display_name":"Resonator","level":2,"score":0.41465091705322266},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90327742","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q947396","display_name":"Insertion loss","level":2,"score":0.4057704210281372},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49040817","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193091","display_name":"Optoelectronics","level":1,"score":0.39825308322906494},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21822782","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131214","display_name":"Antenna (radio)","level":2,"score":0.3931768238544464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.35268259048461914},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.3483484983444214},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.3006814122200012},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.2924066483974457}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2024.3351475","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3351475","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/10384396.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:digital.csic.es:10261/356924","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10261/356924","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400616","display_name":"DIGITAL.CSIC (Spanish National Research Council (CSIC))","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I134820265","host_organization_name":"Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cient\u00edficas","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I134820265"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"art\u00edculo"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:bbd5c9da26fa4c6ebebabecd9b09d006","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/bbd5c9da26fa4c6ebebabecd9b09d006","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 12, Pp 6684-6697 (2024)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2024.3351475","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3351475","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/10384396.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","score":0.6299999952316284,"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4317448097","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"09G19","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323300","funder_display_name":"Universiti Teknologi Malaysia"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5637047270","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"FRGS/1/2021/TKO/UTM/01/7","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323300","funder_display_name":"Universiti Teknologi Malaysia"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323300","display_name":"Universiti Teknologi Malaysia","ror":"https://ror.org/026w31v75"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4390659873.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4390659873.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":30,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2022021404","https://openalex.org/W2053521124","https://openalex.org/W2054692642","https://openalex.org/W2080570649","https://openalex.org/W2116334496","https://openalex.org/W2195833401","https://openalex.org/W2264869098","https://openalex.org/W2290478327","https://openalex.org/W2343448572","https://openalex.org/W2402118217","https://openalex.org/W2803592122","https://openalex.org/W2904594034","https://openalex.org/W2930156537","https://openalex.org/W2955897898","https://openalex.org/W2957410069","https://openalex.org/W2966408261","https://openalex.org/W2995376830","https://openalex.org/W3000460235","https://openalex.org/W3003651800","https://openalex.org/W3010912979","https://openalex.org/W3089791886","https://openalex.org/W3171083490","https://openalex.org/W3201877416","https://openalex.org/W4213082735","https://openalex.org/W4229594554","https://openalex.org/W4289134196","https://openalex.org/W4328105752","https://openalex.org/W6696930947","https://openalex.org/W6704365379","https://openalex.org/W6796402937"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2144104913","https://openalex.org/W2907727549","https://openalex.org/W2124725464","https://openalex.org/W1973870453","https://openalex.org/W2624726076","https://openalex.org/W2086351729","https://openalex.org/W4297802329","https://openalex.org/W4313451576","https://openalex.org/W2772649333","https://openalex.org/W1537188120"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"this":[1],"research":[2],"study,":[3],"a":[4,147],"metamaterial":[5],"(MTM)":[6],"based":[7,139],"1":[8],"\u00d7":[9],"4":[10],"linear":[11,226],"antenna":[12,29,140],"array":[13,30,141],"is":[14,45,128,202],"designed":[15,46],"with":[16,61,143,224],"an":[17],"integrated":[18,142],"butler":[19],"matrix":[20],"(BM)":[21],"beamforming":[22],"network":[23],"(BFN)":[24],"to":[25,105,167,245],"execute":[26],"the":[27,62,111,118,122,126,169,176,191,196,200,221,247,252],"switched-beam":[28],"(SAA)":[31],"operation,":[32],"which":[33,238],"can":[34,239],"be":[35,106,240],"employed":[36],"for":[37,242],"sub-6":[38],"GHz":[39],"5G":[40,243],"applications.":[41],"The":[42,81,132,161],"proposed":[43],"SAA":[44,162,201],"and":[47,53,71,91,100,130,173,186,211,250],"simulated":[48,90,129],"using":[49,56],"CST":[50],"microwave":[51],"studio":[52],"then":[54],"fabricated":[55],"FR4":[57],"epoxy":[58],"glass":[59],"substrate":[60],"thickness":[63],"(":[64],"<italic":[65],"xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"":[66,76],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">h</i>":[67],")":[68,78],"=":[69,79],"1.6mm":[70],"dielectric":[72],"constant":[73],"(\u03b5":[74],"<sub":[75],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\"><i>r</i></sub>":[77],"4.3.":[80],"MTM-BM":[82,144,222],"BFN":[83,145],"has":[84,164,229],"shown":[85,219],"excellent":[86],"performance":[87],"in":[88,204,234],"both":[89],"measured":[92,148],"results,":[93],"having":[94],"return-loss":[95],"of":[96,114,125,150,157,171,199],"below":[97],"14":[98],"dB":[99,152],"insertion-loss":[101],"at":[102],"ports":[103,124,194],"5-8":[104],"7":[107],"\u00b1":[108],"2dB":[109],"between":[110,121,178],"frequency":[112],"range":[113],"3.2-3.75GHz,":[115],"respectively.":[116,188,213],"Moreover,":[117],"phase":[119],"difference":[120],"output":[123],"BM":[127,158,192],"measured.":[131],"0.5\u03bb":[133],"spaced":[134],"complementary":[135],"split-ring":[136],"resonator":[137],"(CSRR)":[138],"achieved":[146],"gain":[149,172],"4.8-6.1":[151],"when":[153],"each":[154],"input":[155,193],"port":[156],"was":[159,181],"excited.":[160],"analysis":[163],"been":[165],"performed":[166],"identify":[168],"variation":[170],"grating":[174],"lobes;":[175],"distance":[177],"MTM":[179,227],"antennas":[180,228],"altered":[182],"by":[183],"0.3\u03bb,":[184],"0.5\u03bb,":[185],"0.7\u03bb,":[187],"Depending":[189],"on":[190],"excitation,":[195],"main":[197],"beam":[198],"steered":[203],"four":[205,225,232,235],"different":[206,236],"directions":[207],"-40\u00b0,":[208],"-15\u00b0,":[209],"+15\u00b0,":[210],"+45\u00b0,":[212],"These":[214],"radiation":[215],"pattern":[216],"studies":[217],"have":[218],"that":[220],"connected":[223],"successfully":[230],"generated":[231],"beams":[233],"directions,":[237],"utilized":[241],"applications":[244],"improve":[246],"channel":[248],"capacity":[249],"enhance":[251],"transmission":[253],"quality.":[254]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":7}],"updated_date":"2026-05-06T08:25:59.206177","created_date":"2024-01-13T00:00:00"}