{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4390660195","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3350745","title":"Toward an Interactive Reading Experience: Deep Learning Insights and Visual Narratives of Engagement and Emotion","display_name":"Toward an Interactive Reading Experience: Deep Learning Insights and Visual Narratives of Engagement and Emotion","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4390660195","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3350745"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2024.3350745","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3350745","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/10382515.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/10382515.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5061612449","display_name":"Jayasankar Santhosh","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-5789-8858"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I153267046","display_name":"University of Kaiserslautern","ror":"https://ror.org/04zrf7b53","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I153267046"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2802076133","display_name":"University of Koblenz and Landau","ror":"https://ror.org/01j9f6752","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2802076133"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I33256026","display_name":"German Research Centre for Artificial Intelligence","ror":"https://ror.org/01ayc5b57","country_code":"DE","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I33256026"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Jayasankar Santhosh","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, University of Kaiserslautern-Landau, Kaiserslautern, Germany","German Research Center for Artificial Intelligence (DFKI), Kaiserslautern, Germany"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-5789-8858","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, University of Kaiserslautern-Landau, Kaiserslautern, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2802076133","https://openalex.org/I153267046"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"German Research Center for Artificial Intelligence (DFKI), Kaiserslautern, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I33256026"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5112909712","display_name":"Akshay Palimar Pai","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I153267046","display_name":"University of Kaiserslautern","ror":"https://ror.org/04zrf7b53","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I153267046"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2802076133","display_name":"University of Koblenz and Landau","ror":"https://ror.org/01j9f6752","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2802076133"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Akshay Palimar Pai","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, University of Kaiserslautern-Landau, Kaiserslautern, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, University of Kaiserslautern-Landau, Kaiserslautern, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2802076133","https://openalex.org/I153267046"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5056876034","display_name":"Shoya Ishimaru","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5374-1510"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I33256026","display_name":"German Research Centre for Artificial Intelligence","ror":"https://ror.org/01ayc5b57","country_code":"DE","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I33256026"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4387152983","display_name":"Osaka Metropolitan University","ror":"https://ror.org/01hvx5h04","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4387152983"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I69740276","display_name":"Tokyo Metropolitan University","ror":"https://ror.org/00ws30h19","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I69740276"]}],"countries":["DE","JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shoya Ishimaru","raw_affiliation_strings":["German Research Center for Artificial Intelligence (DFKI), Kaiserslautern, Germany","Osaka Metropolitan University, Osaka, Japan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5374-1510","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"German Research Center for Artificial Intelligence (DFKI), Kaiserslautern, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I33256026"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Osaka Metropolitan University, Osaka, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I69740276","https://openalex.org/I4387152983"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5061612449"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I153267046","https://openalex.org/I2802076133","https://openalex.org/I33256026"],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":3.9048,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":12,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.93892722,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"12","issue":null,"first_page":"6001","last_page":"6016"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10664","display_name":"Sentiment Analysis and Opinion Mining","score":0.9208999872207642,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10664","display_name":"Sentiment Analysis and Opinion Mining","score":0.9208999872207642,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6754608750343323},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/eye-tracking","display_name":"Eye tracking","score":0.4895085096359253},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/user-engagement","display_name":"User engagement","score":0.47508445382118225},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/valence","display_name":"Valence (chemistry)","score":0.45617979764938354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reading","display_name":"Reading (process)","score":0.449117511510849},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/student-engagement","display_name":"Student engagement","score":0.4205305576324463},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human\u2013computer-interaction","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","score":0.40441417694091797},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cognitive-psychology","display_name":"Cognitive psychology","score":0.36598873138427734},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.3079383969306946},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.28718823194503784},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/world-wide-web","display_name":"World Wide Web","score":0.1930377185344696},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics-education","display_name":"Mathematics education","score":0.11669564247131348}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6754608750343323},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56461940","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q970687","display_name":"Eye tracking","level":2,"score":0.4895085096359253},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2984870255","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5196451","display_name":"User engagement","level":2,"score":0.47508445382118225},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168900304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q171407","display_name":"Valence (chemistry)","level":2,"score":0.45617979764938354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C554936623","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199657","display_name":"Reading (process)","level":2,"score":0.449117511510849},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C194519906","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7627827","display_name":"Student engagement","level":2,"score":0.4205305576324463},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107457646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207434","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","level":1,"score":0.40441417694091797},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C180747234","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23373","display_name":"Cognitive psychology","level":1,"score":0.36598873138427734},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.3079383969306946},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.28718823194503784},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.1930377185344696},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145420912","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q853077","display_name":"Mathematics education","level":1,"score":0.11669564247131348},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2024.3350745","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3350745","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/10382515.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:9bd0e6458096449bb523735d87628e67","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/9bd0e6458096449bb523735d87628e67","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 12, Pp 6001-6016 (2024)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2024.3350745","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3350745","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/10382515.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.8700000047683716,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","display_name":"Quality Education"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4390660195.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4390660195.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":69,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W107670845","https://openalex.org/W1929610448","https://openalex.org/W1953262639","https://openalex.org/W1963753144","https://openalex.org/W1983412528","https://openalex.org/W1985867508","https://openalex.org/W1988460397","https://openalex.org/W2002055708","https://openalex.org/W2008933718","https://openalex.org/W2018543616","https://openalex.org/W2021913835","https://openalex.org/W2034009865","https://openalex.org/W2047224078","https://openalex.org/W2048949537","https://openalex.org/W2058064543","https://openalex.org/W2084397606","https://openalex.org/W2091264668","https://openalex.org/W2117645142","https://openalex.org/W2122098299","https://openalex.org/W2126777570","https://openalex.org/W2132007232","https://openalex.org/W2157570848","https://openalex.org/W2168692779","https://openalex.org/W2257979135","https://openalex.org/W2345729520","https://openalex.org/W2598207902","https://openalex.org/W2598525681","https://openalex.org/W2604521289","https://openalex.org/W2610961739","https://openalex.org/W2618530766","https://openalex.org/W2625101291","https://openalex.org/W2731964405","https://openalex.org/W2750852530","https://openalex.org/W2754517384","https://openalex.org/W2766272105","https://openalex.org/W2768064153","https://openalex.org/W2771487054","https://openalex.org/W2785454749","https://openalex.org/W2806485356","https://openalex.org/W2884001105","https://openalex.org/W2894771803","https://openalex.org/W2896457183","https://openalex.org/W2899248983","https://openalex.org/W2901027086","https://openalex.org/W2914009896","https://openalex.org/W2954831493","https://openalex.org/W2962858109","https://openalex.org/W2963864421","https://openalex.org/W2964350391","https://openalex.org/W2974457857","https://openalex.org/W2978360381","https://openalex.org/W2997026866","https://openalex.org/W3002732654","https://openalex.org/W3013935552","https://openalex.org/W3014122986","https://openalex.org/W3022986551","https://openalex.org/W3025630664","https://openalex.org/W3028689275","https://openalex.org/W3043900038","https://openalex.org/W3091962884","https://openalex.org/W3105178283","https://openalex.org/W3137529719","https://openalex.org/W3195945798","https://openalex.org/W4220887861","https://openalex.org/W4223434129","https://openalex.org/W4327772945","https://openalex.org/W4377966857","https://openalex.org/W6684921986","https://openalex.org/W6755207826"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2082438799","https://openalex.org/W1966986837","https://openalex.org/W2360138227","https://openalex.org/W2724687308","https://openalex.org/W1602906873","https://openalex.org/W4206633021","https://openalex.org/W4387449485","https://openalex.org/W1751035421","https://openalex.org/W2382208514","https://openalex.org/W4389081158"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Engagement":[0],"and":[1,29,52,68,76,100,142,148,162,193,211,225,251],"emotion":[2,35,53,253],"are":[3],"critical":[4],"components":[5],"that":[6,239,260],"significantly":[7],"influence":[8],"a":[9,13,25,56,91,111,217,221,230,257],"reader\u2019s":[10,222,242],"experience":[11],"during":[12,55],"reading":[14,57,86,103,231],"task.":[15,232],"The":[16,44,180,202,233],"level":[17,224,243],"of":[18,63,97,131,160,167,220,244,266],"engagement":[19,51,74,191,223,237,245],"reflects":[20],"the":[21,32,37,42,50,61,70,73,124,127,139,152,165,171,177,188,197,241,262,267],"extent":[22],"to":[23,31,48,93,122,186,207,215],"which":[24],"reader":[26],"is":[27],"immersed":[28],"attentive":[30],"content,":[33],"while":[34,170,228],"represents":[36],"affective":[38],"responses":[39],"evoked":[40],"by":[41,59,90],"text.":[43],"present":[45],"study":[46],"aims":[47],"detect":[49],"levels":[54,75,96,192],"task":[58],"leveraging":[60],"power":[62],"state-of-the-art":[64],"deep":[65,132],"learning":[66,133],"models":[67,134],"investigating":[69],"correlations":[71],"between":[72,190],"emotions.":[77],"An":[78],"experiment":[79],"was":[80,183],"conducted":[81],"involving":[82],"18":[83],"university":[84],"students":[85],"14":[87],"documents":[88],"followed":[89],"questionnaire":[92],"rate":[94],"their":[95],"engagement,":[98,140],"valence,":[99,141],"arousal":[101,143],"after":[102],"each":[104],"document.":[105],"A":[106,129],"Tobii":[107],"4C":[108],"eye-tracker":[109],"with":[110,115],"pro":[112],"license":[113],"along":[114],"an":[116,209,236,252],"Empatica":[117],"E4":[118],"wristband":[119],"were":[120,135,205],"utilized":[121,136,185,206],"record":[123],"data":[125,182],"from":[126],"participants.":[128],"range":[130],"for":[137],"computing":[138],"values,":[144],"employing":[145],"both":[146],"user-independent":[147,168],"user-dependent":[149,178],"methods.":[150],"Notably,":[151],"Transformer":[153],"model":[154,173],"exhibited":[155],"better":[156],"performance":[157],"in":[158,164],"terms":[159],"accuracy":[161],"F1-score":[163],"context":[166],"approaches,":[169],"Resnet":[172],"excelled":[174],"when":[175],"adopting":[176],"approach.":[179],"recorded":[181],"also":[184],"establish":[187],"relationship":[189],"emotional":[194,226,264],"states":[195],"concerning":[196],"specific":[198],"document":[199],"being":[200],"read.":[201],"prediction":[203],"results":[204],"develop":[208],"interactive":[210],"user-friendly":[212],"application":[213],"designed":[214],"provide":[216],"visual":[218,258],"representation":[219],"state":[227,265],"performing":[229],"dashboard":[234],"features":[235],"gauge":[238],"displays":[240],"based":[246],"on":[247],"predicted":[248,263],"class":[249],"probabilities,":[250],"emoji":[254],"serving":[255],"as":[256],"cue":[259],"illustrates":[261],"reader.":[268]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-05-06T08:25:59.206177","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}