{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4390187290","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2023.3347345","title":"Enhancing Bearing Fault Diagnosis Using Transfer Learning and Random Forest Classification: A Comparative Study on Variable Working Conditions","display_name":"Enhancing Bearing Fault Diagnosis Using Transfer Learning and Random Forest Classification: A Comparative Study on Variable Working Conditions","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-12-25","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4390187290","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2023.3347345"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2023.3347345","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2023.3347345","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/10374127.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/10374127.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Durjay Saha","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0003-6620-7549"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I17477748","display_name":"Rajshahi University of Engineering and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/049ysg747","country_code":"BD","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I17477748"]}],"countries":["BD"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Durjay Saha","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mechanical Engineering, Rajshahi University of Engineering and Technology, Rajshahi, Bangladesh"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0003-6620-7549","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mechanical Engineering, Rajshahi University of Engineering and Technology, Rajshahi, Bangladesh","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I17477748"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5015549705","display_name":"Md. Emdadul Hoque","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1891-0083"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I17477748","display_name":"Rajshahi University of Engineering and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/049ysg747","country_code":"BD","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I17477748"]}],"countries":["BD"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Md. Emdadul Hoque","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mechanical Engineering, Rajshahi University of Engineering and Technology, Rajshahi, Bangladesh"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1891-0083","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mechanical Engineering, Rajshahi University of Engineering and Technology, Rajshahi, Bangladesh","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I17477748"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5064486960","display_name":"Muhammad E. H. Chowdhury","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0744-8206"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I60342839","display_name":"Qatar University","ror":"https://ror.org/00yhnba62","country_code":"QA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I60342839"]}],"countries":["QA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Muhammad E. H. Chowdhury","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0744-8206","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I60342839"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":3.1078,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":19,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.92084548,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":98,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"12","issue":null,"first_page":"5986","last_page":"6000"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10220","display_name":"Machine Fault Diagnosis Techniques","score":0.9983999729156494,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10220","display_name":"Machine Fault Diagnosis Techniques","score":0.9983999729156494,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10876","display_name":"Fault Detection and Control Systems","score":0.9781000018119812,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13891","display_name":"Engineering Diagnostics and Reliability","score":0.9732000231742859,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2211","display_name":"Mechanics of Materials"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7739119529724121},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/random-forest","display_name":"Random forest","score":0.7507687211036682},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.634632408618927},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/confusion-matrix","display_name":"Confusion matrix","score":0.6205955743789673},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.5500041246414185},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fault","display_name":"Fault (geology)","score":0.5216448903083801},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/classifier","display_name":"Classifier (UML)","score":0.4811857342720032},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.45391494035720825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transfer-of-learning","display_name":"Transfer of learning","score":0.4360736608505249},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","score":0.4141482710838318},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.40525588393211365}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7739119529724121},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169258074","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q245748","display_name":"Random forest","level":2,"score":0.7507687211036682},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.634632408618927},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138602881","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2709591","display_name":"Confusion matrix","level":2,"score":0.6205955743789673},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.5500041246414185},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175551986","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47089","display_name":"Fault (geology)","level":2,"score":0.5216448903083801},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95623464","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1096149","display_name":"Classifier (UML)","level":2,"score":0.4811857342720032},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.45391494035720825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C150899416","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1820378","display_name":"Transfer of learning","level":2,"score":0.4360736608505249},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776401178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12050496","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.4141482710838318},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.40525588393211365},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165205528","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83371","display_name":"Seismology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2023.3347345","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2023.3347345","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/10374127.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:acc23c6acf784f3789454424c9ca7b57","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/acc23c6acf784f3789454424c9ca7b57","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 12, Pp 5986-6000 (2024)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:figshare.com:article/29445638","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://figshare.com/articles/journal_contribution/Enhancing_Bearing_Fault_Diagnosis_Using_Transfer_Learning_and_Random_Forest_Classification_A_Comparative_Study_on_Variable_Working_Conditions/29445638","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196282","display_name":"Figshare","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210132348","host_organization_name":"Figshare (United Kingdom)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210132348"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2023.3347345","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2023.3347345","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/10374127.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2580309077","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"/2018","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320767","funder_display_name":"University Grants Commission"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320767","display_name":"University Grants Commission","ror":"https://ror.org/04p800546"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320329409","display_name":"Rajshahi University","ror":"https://ror.org/05nnyr510"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334468","display_name":"Qatar National Library","ror":"https://ror.org/02jv93662"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4390187290.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4390187290.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":37,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W243674440","https://openalex.org/W1597576211","https://openalex.org/W1604329830","https://openalex.org/W1889820893","https://openalex.org/W1993898831","https://openalex.org/W2064323378","https://openalex.org/W2072378835","https://openalex.org/W2082874195","https://openalex.org/W2102211123","https://openalex.org/W2114235274","https://openalex.org/W2187740413","https://openalex.org/W2219903032","https://openalex.org/W2295427627","https://openalex.org/W2440930599","https://openalex.org/W2480364715","https://openalex.org/W2485614840","https://openalex.org/W2581853886","https://openalex.org/W2586090183","https://openalex.org/W2591591405","https://openalex.org/W2592062672","https://openalex.org/W2595796352","https://openalex.org/W2606521772","https://openalex.org/W2612554669","https://openalex.org/W2740956509","https://openalex.org/W2767031373","https://openalex.org/W2911827809","https://openalex.org/W2912412749","https://openalex.org/W2912803327","https://openalex.org/W2985778816","https://openalex.org/W3009933106","https://openalex.org/W3084404279","https://openalex.org/W3134547094","https://openalex.org/W3203298545","https://openalex.org/W4210282009","https://openalex.org/W4213275481","https://openalex.org/W4288052617","https://openalex.org/W6801905623"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2889302474","https://openalex.org/W2899196211","https://openalex.org/W4205685985","https://openalex.org/W3201472348","https://openalex.org/W3160713586","https://openalex.org/W1031168204","https://openalex.org/W2115329839","https://openalex.org/W2144192793","https://openalex.org/W4246102100","https://openalex.org/W2570625548"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Rotating":[0],"machines":[1],"require":[2],"bearings":[3,15],"to":[4,84,117,127,174],"operate":[5],"smoothly.":[6],"However,":[7],"wear,":[8],"misalignment,":[9],"and":[10,22,81,107,113,131,159,184,188,218,228],"poor":[11],"lubrication":[12],"can":[13,229],"degrade":[14],"over":[16],"time.":[17],"Fault":[18],"diagnosis":[19,28,124],"models":[20],"identify":[21],"classify":[23],"bearing":[24,222],"faults.":[25],"A":[26],"fault":[27,123,133],"model":[29,56,96,102,125,144,170,181,192,205,215],"trained":[30],"in":[31,40],"a":[32,55,86],"specific":[33],"working":[34,42,59,73,137,226],"condition":[35],"may":[36],"not":[37],"perform":[38],"well":[39,172],"different":[41,58,128,225],"conditions.":[43,138],"Real-world":[44],"datasets":[45,61],"are":[46,193],"mixed":[47],"with":[48],"various":[49,148],"work":[50,129],"environment":[51],"conditions;":[52],"therefore,":[53],"validating":[54],"using":[57,77,147],"conditions":[60,74,227],"is":[62,75,145,182,196,206,216],"necessary.":[63],"In":[64],"this":[65,169,191,204,214],"study,":[66],"raw":[67],"vibrational":[68],"accelerometer":[69],"data":[70,87],"of":[71,141,179,190],"variable":[72,136],"preprocessed":[76],"the":[78,92,98,104,111,142,180,186,199],"window":[79],"length":[80],"stride":[82],"method":[83],"generate":[85],"format":[88],"suitable":[89,219],"for":[90,220,232],"evaluating":[91],"proposed":[93,122,143],"model.":[94],"This":[95,121],"employs":[97],"Transfer":[99],"learning-based":[100],"VGG16":[101],"as":[103,110,151],"feature":[105],"extractor":[106],"random":[108],"forest":[109],"classifier,":[112],"it":[114],"has":[115],"proven":[116],"be":[118,230],"highly":[119],"effective.":[120],"adapts":[126],"environments":[130],"enhances":[132],"classification":[134],"at":[135,224],"The":[139,176],"performance":[140],"evaluated":[146],"metrics":[149,166],"such":[150],"confusion":[152],"matrix":[153],"heatmap,":[154],"t-SNE":[155],"plot,":[156],"precision-recall":[157],"curve":[158,201],"learning":[160,200],"curve.":[161],"Results":[162],"obtained":[163],"from":[164,198,208],"these":[165],"indicate":[167],"that":[168,203],"performs":[171],"compared":[173],"others.":[175],"overall":[177],"accuracy":[178],"99.90%,":[183],"both":[185],"training":[187],"testing":[189],"fast.":[194],"It":[195],"evident":[197],"evaluation":[202],"free":[207],"over-":[209],"or":[210],"under-fitting":[211],"issues.":[212],"Overall,":[213],"reliable":[217],"classifying":[221],"faults":[223],"useable":[231],"real":[233],"world":[234],"purposes.":[235]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":9}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
