{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4390135270","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2023.3346035","title":"On the Mates of Cross Z-Complementary Pairs for Training Sequence Design in Generalized Spatial Modulation","display_name":"On the Mates of Cross Z-Complementary Pairs for Training Sequence Design in Generalized Spatial Modulation","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4390135270","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2023.3346035"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2023.3346035","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2023.3346035","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/10005208/10371278.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/10005208/10371278.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5034051557","display_name":"Zhen-Ming Huang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8711-2974"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I91807558","display_name":"National Cheng Kung University","ror":"https://ror.org/01b8kcc49","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I91807558"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhen-Ming Huang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Computer and Communication Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan","Department of Engineering Science, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8711-2974","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Computer and Communication Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I91807558"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Engineering Science, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I91807558"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5108037022","display_name":"Chen Hu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7191-3611"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I91807558","display_name":"National Cheng Kung University","ror":"https://ror.org/01b8kcc49","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I91807558"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chen Hu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Computer and Communication Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Computer and Communication Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I91807558"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Zilong Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5151-6929"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I110002522","display_name":"University of Essex","ror":"https://ror.org/02nkf1q06","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I110002522"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zilong Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Electronic Engineering, University of Essex, Colchester, U.K"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5151-6929","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Electronic Engineering, University of Essex, Colchester, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I110002522"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100771751","display_name":"Chao\u2010Yu Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3717-5600"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I91807558","display_name":"National Cheng Kung University","ror":"https://ror.org/01b8kcc49","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I91807558"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chao-Yu Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Computer and Communication Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan","Department of Engineering Science, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan","Department of Electrical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3717-5600","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Computer and Communication Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I91807558"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Engineering Science, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I91807558"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I91807558"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":0.3342,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":4,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.51403087,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"11","issue":null,"first_page":"145231","last_page":"145237"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11458","display_name":"Advanced Wireless Communication Technologies","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11458","display_name":"Advanced Wireless Communication Technologies","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12042","display_name":"Satellite Communication Systems","score":0.9916999936103821,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11873","display_name":"PAPR reduction in OFDM","score":0.9902999997138977,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sequence","display_name":"Sequence (biology)","score":0.6111560463905334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5844768285751343},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/modulation","display_name":"Modulation (music)","score":0.5372490882873535},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/training","display_name":"Training (meteorology)","score":0.4789893627166748},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spatial-modulation","display_name":"Spatial modulation","score":0.43746861815452576},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/speech-recognition","display_name":"Speech recognition","score":0.3415184020996094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.33512067794799805},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.25438034534454346},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/channel","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","score":0.16796237230300903},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.1183559000492096},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/genetics","display_name":"Genetics","score":0.09782764315605164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mimo","display_name":"MIMO","score":0.07315826416015625}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778112365","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3511065","display_name":"Sequence (biology)","level":2,"score":0.6111560463905334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5844768285751343},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123079801","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q750240","display_name":"Modulation (music)","level":2,"score":0.5372490882873535},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777211547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17141490","display_name":"Training (meteorology)","level":2,"score":0.4789893627166748},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3019745063","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q107304836","display_name":"Spatial modulation","level":4,"score":0.43746861815452576},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28490314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189436","display_name":"Speech recognition","level":1,"score":0.3415184020996094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.33512067794799805},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.25438034534454346},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.16796237230300903},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.1183559000492096},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54355233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7162","display_name":"Genetics","level":1,"score":0.09782764315605164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207987634","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176862","display_name":"MIMO","level":3,"score":0.07315826416015625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153294291","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25261","display_name":"Meteorology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24890656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82811","display_name":"Acoustics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2023.3346035","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2023.3346035","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/10005208/10371278.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:2153281e1b914b31bd5bd60beb29cbf1","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/2153281e1b914b31bd5bd60beb29cbf1","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 11, Pp 145231-145237 (2023)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2023.3346035","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2023.3346035","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/10005208/10371278.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G203086983","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"311646/070","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323299","funder_display_name":"Norges Forskningsr\u00e5d"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2465789353","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"IEC\\R3\\223079","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320006","funder_display_name":"Royal Society"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2601741292","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"311646","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323299","funder_display_name":"Norges Forskningsr\u00e5d"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4473851220","display_name":"New Signal Design and Processing for Future Vehicular Communications (DRIVE)","funder_award_id":"EP/X035352/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","funder_display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7919129960","display_name":"Evolving Sequences for Beyond-5G Machine-Type Communications (SORT)","funder_award_id":"EP/Y000986/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","funder_display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320006","display_name":"Royal Society","ror":"https://ror.org/03wnrjx87"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323299","display_name":"Norges Forskningsr\u00e5d","ror":"https://ror.org/00epmv149"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council","ror":"https://ror.org/0439y7842"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4390135270.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4390135270.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":25,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1559467559","https://openalex.org/W1920325808","https://openalex.org/W1971549192","https://openalex.org/W1985833770","https://openalex.org/W2014105133","https://openalex.org/W2024674802","https://openalex.org/W2035599407","https://openalex.org/W2038838181","https://openalex.org/W2067605736","https://openalex.org/W2105572715","https://openalex.org/W2115901127","https://openalex.org/W2150017129","https://openalex.org/W2160136043","https://openalex.org/W2294688254","https://openalex.org/W3006484151","https://openalex.org/W3010898901","https://openalex.org/W3021061565","https://openalex.org/W3048720806","https://openalex.org/W3114861883","https://openalex.org/W3164214988","https://openalex.org/W4206454487","https://openalex.org/W4256217385","https://openalex.org/W4289655472","https://openalex.org/W4312543088","https://openalex.org/W4322102439"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W230091440","https://openalex.org/W2233261550","https://openalex.org/W2810751659","https://openalex.org/W4321519077","https://openalex.org/W4323520865","https://openalex.org/W4323351275","https://openalex.org/W4323520696","https://openalex.org/W4323354078","https://openalex.org/W2028792010","https://openalex.org/W4323354284"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Generalized":[0],"spatial":[1,14],"modulation":[2,15],"(GSM)":[3],"as":[4],"a":[5,97,101,114],"novel":[6,115],"multiple-antenna":[7],"transmission":[8],"technique":[9],"is":[10,121],"an":[11,89],"extension":[12],"of":[13,24,32,96,104,118],"(SM).":[16],"The":[17],"GSM":[18,119,147],"system":[19,120,148],"provides":[20],"flexibility":[21],"in":[22,51,76,134],"terms":[23],"spectral":[25],"efficiency,":[26,28],"energy":[27],"and":[29,69,99,111,154],"the":[30,37,108,125,141,146],"cost":[31],"radio-frequency":[33],"(RF)":[34],"chains.":[35],"In":[36,84],"literature,":[38],"cross":[39],"Z-complementary":[40],"pair":[41],"(CZCP)":[42],"has":[43],"been":[44],"proposed":[45,109,142],"for":[46,55,66,92,145],"optimal":[47,72],"training":[48,116,144],"sequence":[49],"design":[50],"SM,":[52],"but":[53],"not":[54],"GSM.":[56],"Due":[57],"to":[58,123],"its":[59,112],"specific":[60],"zero":[61],"correlation":[62],"zone":[63],"(ZCZ)":[64],"properties":[65],"autocorrelation":[67],"sums":[68],"cross-correlation":[70],"sums,":[71],"channel":[73,131],"estimation":[74,132],"performance":[75,133],"SM":[77],"over":[78],"frequency-selective":[79,135],"channels":[80],"can":[81,149],"be":[82],"achieved.":[83],"this":[85],"paper,":[86],"we":[87],"propose":[88],"efficient":[90],"construction":[91,103],"mutually":[93],"orthogonal":[94],"mate":[95],"CZCP":[98,110],"provide":[100],"new":[102],"CZCPs.":[105],"Based":[106],"on":[107],"mate,":[113],"framework":[117],"presented":[122],"achieve":[124],"minimum":[126],"mean":[127],"square":[128],"error":[129],"(MSE)":[130],"channels.":[136],"Numerical":[137],"results":[138],"demonstrate":[139],"that":[140],"CZCP-mate-based":[143],"eliminate":[150],"inter-symbol":[151],"interference":[152,156],"(ISI)":[153],"inter-antenna":[155],"(IAI).":[157]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-07-25T15:57:00.446498","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}