{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4389934626","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2023.3345030","title":"Analysis of Critical Hazardous State of Vehicle Braking Under Sand Accumulation Situation","display_name":"Analysis of Critical Hazardous State of Vehicle Braking Under Sand Accumulation Situation","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4389934626","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2023.3345030"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2023.3345030","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2023.3345030","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/10366221.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/10366221.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101861976","display_name":"Fang Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1816-069X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I21642278","display_name":"Ningxia University","ror":"https://ror.org/04j7b2v61","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I21642278"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fang Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Civil and Hydraulic Engineering, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, China","College of Civil and Hydraulic Engineering, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, CHN","Ningxia Highway Survey and Design Institute, Yinchuan, Ningxia, CHN"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1816-069X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Civil and Hydraulic Engineering, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I21642278"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Civil and Hydraulic Engineering, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, CHN","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I21642278"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Ningxia Highway Survey and Design Institute, Yinchuan, Ningxia, CHN","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5079399040","display_name":"Huan Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-2060-5459"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I21642278","display_name":"Ningxia University","ror":"https://ror.org/04j7b2v61","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I21642278"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Huan Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Civil and Hydraulic Engineering, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, China","College of Civil and Hydraulic Engineering, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, CHN"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-2060-5459","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Civil and Hydraulic Engineering, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I21642278"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Civil and Hydraulic Engineering, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, CHN","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I21642278"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100341417","display_name":"Yichen Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6162-4066"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I21642278","display_name":"Ningxia University","ror":"https://ror.org/04j7b2v61","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I21642278"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210091550","display_name":"Shanxi Provincial Traffic Planning Survey and Design Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/0014vc978","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210091550"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yichen Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Ningxia Highway Survey and Design Institute, Yinchuan, China","College of Civil and Hydraulic Engineering, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, CHN"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Ningxia Highway Survey and Design Institute, Yinchuan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210091550"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Civil and Hydraulic Engineering, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, CHN","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I21642278"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5023000152","display_name":"Xin\u2019ao Zhou","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I21642278","display_name":"Ningxia University","ror":"https://ror.org/04j7b2v61","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I21642278"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xin\u2019ao Zhou","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Civil and Hydraulic Engineering, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, China","College of Civil and Hydraulic Engineering, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, CHN"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-5542-7419","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Civil and Hydraulic Engineering, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I21642278"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Civil and Hydraulic Engineering, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, CHN","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I21642278"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102826199","display_name":"Siping Huang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-3695-4255"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I21642278","display_name":"Ningxia University","ror":"https://ror.org/04j7b2v61","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I21642278"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Siping Huang","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Civil and Hydraulic Engineering, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, China","College of Civil and Hydraulic Engineering, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, CHN"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-3695-4255","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Civil and Hydraulic Engineering, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I21642278"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Civil and Hydraulic Engineering, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, CHN","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I21642278"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101281326","display_name":"Weijia Duan","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I21642278","display_name":"Ningxia University","ror":"https://ror.org/04j7b2v61","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I21642278"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Weijia Duan","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Civil and Hydraulic Engineering, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, China","College of Civil and Hydraulic Engineering, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, CHN"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Civil and Hydraulic Engineering, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I21642278"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Civil and Hydraulic Engineering, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, CHN","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I21642278"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":0.1431,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.3890342,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"11","issue":null,"first_page":"146151","last_page":"146160"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12095","display_name":"Vehicle emissions and performance","score":0.9789999723434448,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12095","display_name":"Vehicle emissions and performance","score":0.9789999723434448,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11344","display_name":"Traffic Prediction and Management Techniques","score":0.9772999882698059,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2215","display_name":"Building and Construction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13527","display_name":"Transportation Systems and Logistics","score":0.9607999920845032,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2205","display_name":"Civil and Structural Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/alertness","display_name":"Alertness","score":0.6277673840522766},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/road-surface","display_name":"Road surface","score":0.5585247278213501},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/automotive-engineering","display_name":"Automotive engineering","score":0.5061034560203552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-science","display_name":"Environmental science","score":0.46347981691360474},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electroencephalography","display_name":"Electroencephalography","score":0.45867687463760376},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/growth-rate","display_name":"Growth rate","score":0.42489245533943176},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.3798595070838928},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/simulation","display_name":"Simulation","score":0.33312514424324036},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.2764819860458374},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.1952156126499176},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.0819234549999237},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/civil-engineering","display_name":"Civil engineering","score":0.07266697287559509}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C200678441","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423044","display_name":"Alertness","level":2,"score":0.6277673840522766},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780042925","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1049667","display_name":"Road surface","level":2,"score":0.5585247278213501},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C171146098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q124192","display_name":"Automotive engineering","level":1,"score":0.5061034560203552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.46347981691360474},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C522805319","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q179965","display_name":"Electroencephalography","level":2,"score":0.45867687463760376},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778312390","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4139973","display_name":"Growth rate","level":2,"score":0.42489245533943176},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.3798595070838928},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44154836","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q45045","display_name":"Simulation","level":1,"score":0.33312514424324036},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.2764819860458374},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.1952156126499176},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.0819234549999237},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147176958","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q77590","display_name":"Civil engineering","level":1,"score":0.07266697287559509},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118552586","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7867","display_name":"Psychiatry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2023.3345030","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2023.3345030","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/10366221.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:abe29902fa334834b8360e5915bff9d7","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/abe29902fa334834b8360e5915bff9d7","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 11, Pp 146151-146160 (2023)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2023.3345030","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2023.3345030","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/10366221.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4389934626.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4389934626.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":20,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2088991272","https://openalex.org/W2789260026","https://openalex.org/W2810658541","https://openalex.org/W2888427587","https://openalex.org/W2954469285","https://openalex.org/W3013578315","https://openalex.org/W3092339997","https://openalex.org/W3107594758","https://openalex.org/W3116790641","https://openalex.org/W3120785768","https://openalex.org/W3162530863","https://openalex.org/W3216015368","https://openalex.org/W4226502584","https://openalex.org/W4293195550","https://openalex.org/W4293211801","https://openalex.org/W4308068297","https://openalex.org/W4310007198","https://openalex.org/W4380318416","https://openalex.org/W4386763798","https://openalex.org/W4386764336"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W65758901","https://openalex.org/W2942324097","https://openalex.org/W2023599206","https://openalex.org/W2085897802","https://openalex.org/W642117203","https://openalex.org/W176188005","https://openalex.org/W2964933758","https://openalex.org/W4382631899","https://openalex.org/W2184946901","https://openalex.org/W2016071633"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Existing":[0],"research":[1],"on":[2,7,19,25,296],"road":[3,33,59,66,116,233,241],"safety":[4,28,279,293],"mainly":[5],"focuses":[6,24],"normal":[8],"driving":[9,20,295],"conditions,":[10,34,118],"and":[11,41,64,71,80,131,145,188,221,267,273,299],"seldom":[12],"considers":[13],"the":[14,26,36,44,48,72,75,86,94,99,102,110,121,128,132,141,146,161,166,172,178,185,189,202,222,229,238,246,250,257,261,268,274,284,292,301],"impact":[15],"of":[16,29,38,51,74,88,98,104,109,124,135,140,149,153,163,168,177,184,192,206,212,224,231,240,249,259,283,287,294,303],"poor":[17],"environment":[18],"safety.":[21],"This":[22],"study":[23,111,285],"braking":[27,53,62,100,119,170,262],"vehicles":[30],"under":[31,54,101,114,165,228],"sandy":[32,105],"combines":[35],"theories":[37],"traffic":[39],"engineering":[40],"cardiophysiology,":[42],"Through":[43],"real":[45],"vehicle":[46],"test,":[47],"cardiophysiological":[49],"data":[50,82],"drivers":[52],"different":[55,58,61,65,115,169,232],"conditions":[56,167],"(including":[57],"alignment,":[60],"speeds,":[63,171],"sand":[67,235,243],"thicknesses)":[68],"are":[69,83,286],"collected,":[70],"average":[73,133,147,247],"heart":[76,136,173,252],"rate":[77,79,137,139,174,176,253,255],"growth":[78,138,175,254],"EEG":[81,154,193,207,213],"analyzed":[84],"in":[85,120,160],"process":[87],"braking,":[89],"so":[90],"as":[91,204],"to":[92,215,290],"determine":[93],"critical":[95],"hazardous":[96],"state":[97,162],"condition":[103,230],"roads.":[106],"The":[107,210,281],"results":[108,282],"show":[112],"that:":[113],"linear":[117],"combined":[122],"section":[123],"curved":[125],"slopes":[126],"is":[127,143,156,159,180,196,201,217,226,244,256,264,270],"most":[129],"dangerous,":[130],"value":[134,148,152,191,248],"driver":[142,179,275],"26.3%,":[144],"PSD":[150],"integral":[151],"\u03b1/\u03b2":[155,194,208,269],"0.68,":[157],"which":[158,200],"nervousness;":[164],"more":[181],"than":[182,198,219],"27%":[183],"nervousness":[186],"threshold,":[187],"ratio":[190,211],"wave":[195],"less":[197],"1,":[199,220],"same":[203],"that":[205],"wave.":[209],"\u03b1-wave":[214],"\u03b2-wave":[216],"lower":[218],"degree":[223],"alertness":[225],"higher;":[227],"surface":[234,242],"thickness,":[236],"when":[237],"thickness":[239],"0-2mm,":[245],"driver\u2019s":[251],"maximum":[258],"26.2%,":[260],"distance":[263],"increased":[265],"obviously,":[266],"reduced":[271],"significantly,":[272],"has":[276],"a":[277],"potential":[278],"problem.":[280],"great":[288],"significance":[289],"improve":[291],"desert":[297],"highways":[298],"reduce":[300],"risk":[302],"accidents.":[304]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-28T07:46:37.118299","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
