{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4389943430","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2023.3344160","title":"Investigation on Quality Prediction Algorithm in Ultrasonic Metal Welding for Multilayered Cu for Battery Cells","display_name":"Investigation on Quality Prediction Algorithm in Ultrasonic Metal Welding for Multilayered Cu for Battery Cells","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4389943430","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2023.3344160"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2023.3344160","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2023.3344160","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/10005208/10366182.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/10005208/10366182.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Hyojun Choi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2427-0107"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4575257","display_name":"Hanyang University","ror":"https://ror.org/046865y68","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4575257"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I89004649","display_name":"Korea Institute of Industrial Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04qfph657","country_code":"KR","type":"other","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2801339556","https://openalex.org/I4210144908","https://openalex.org/I4387152098","https://openalex.org/I89004649"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hyojun Choi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Advanced Joining and Additive Manufacturing Research and Development Department, Korea Institute of Industrial Technology, Yeonsu-gu, Republic of Korea","Department of Mechanical Convergence Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, South Korea"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2427-0107","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Advanced Joining and Additive Manufacturing Research and Development Department, Korea Institute of Industrial Technology, Yeonsu-gu, Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I89004649"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mechanical Convergence Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4575257"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068982328","display_name":"Seungmin Shin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8348-3671"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Seungmin Shin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Welding Design Team, LG Energy Solution, Daejeon, Republic of Korea"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Welding Design Team, LG Energy Solution, Daejeon, Republic of Korea","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101668943","display_name":"Dong-Yoon Kim","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6958-8661"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4575257","display_name":"Hanyang University","ror":"https://ror.org/046865y68","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4575257"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I89004649","display_name":"Korea Institute of Industrial Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04qfph657","country_code":"KR","type":"other","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2801339556","https://openalex.org/I4210144908","https://openalex.org/I4387152098","https://openalex.org/I89004649"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dong-Yoon Kim","raw_affiliation_strings":["Advanced Joining and Additive Manufacturing Research and Development Department, Korea Institute of Industrial Technology, Yeonsu-gu, Republic of Korea","Department of Mechanical Convergence Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, South Korea"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Advanced Joining and Additive Manufacturing Research and Development Department, Korea Institute of Industrial Technology, Yeonsu-gu, Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I89004649"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mechanical Convergence Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4575257"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5081985092","display_name":"Jiyong Park","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8428-2118"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I89004649","display_name":"Korea Institute of Industrial Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04qfph657","country_code":"KR","type":"other","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2801339556","https://openalex.org/I4210144908","https://openalex.org/I4387152098","https://openalex.org/I89004649"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jiyong Park","raw_affiliation_strings":["Advanced Joining and Additive Manufacturing Research and Development Department, Korea Institute of Industrial Technology, Yeonsu-gu, Republic of Korea"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Advanced Joining and Additive Manufacturing Research and Development Department, Korea Institute of Industrial Technology, Yeonsu-gu, Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I89004649"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102877637","display_name":"Dong-Cheol Kim","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6667-2094"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I89004649","display_name":"Korea Institute of Industrial Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04qfph657","country_code":"KR","type":"other","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2801339556","https://openalex.org/I4210144908","https://openalex.org/I4387152098","https://openalex.org/I89004649"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dongcheol Kim","raw_affiliation_strings":["Advanced Joining and Additive Manufacturing Research and Development Department, Korea Institute of Industrial Technology, Yeonsu-gu, Republic of Korea"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Advanced Joining and Additive Manufacturing Research and Development Department, Korea Institute of Industrial Technology, Yeonsu-gu, Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I89004649"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5017398519","display_name":"Seung Hwan Lee","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1509-3348"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4575257","display_name":"Hanyang University","ror":"https://ror.org/046865y68","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4575257"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Seung Hwan Lee","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mechanical Convergence Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, South Korea"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1509-3348","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mechanical Convergence Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4575257"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5006320327","display_name":"Jiyoung Yu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0494-9497"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I89004649","display_name":"Korea Institute of Industrial Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04qfph657","country_code":"KR","type":"other","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2801339556","https://openalex.org/I4210144908","https://openalex.org/I4387152098","https://openalex.org/I89004649"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jiyoung Yu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Advanced Joining and Additive Manufacturing Research and Development Department, Korea Institute of Industrial Technology, Yeonsu-gu, Republic of Korea"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0494-9497","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Advanced Joining and Additive Manufacturing Research and Development Department, Korea Institute of Industrial Technology, Yeonsu-gu, Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I89004649"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":0.4287,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":6,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.54250993,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"11","issue":null,"first_page":"146313","last_page":"146321"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10663","display_name":"Advanced Battery Technologies Research","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10663","display_name":"Advanced Battery Technologies Research","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10723","display_name":"Advanced Welding Techniques Analysis","score":0.9965000152587891,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2210","display_name":"Mechanical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10460","display_name":"Electronic Packaging and Soldering Technologies","score":0.9959999918937683,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/welding","display_name":"Welding","score":0.7448529005050659},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ultrasonic-sensor","display_name":"Ultrasonic sensor","score":0.5281736254692078},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/voltage","display_name":"Voltage","score":0.5153850317001343},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ultrasonic-welding","display_name":"Ultrasonic welding","score":0.5084180235862732},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/battery","display_name":"Battery (electricity)","score":0.48660480976104736},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.4732765853404999},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.45121315121650696},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mechanical-engineering","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","score":0.44595080614089966},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/materials-science","display_name":"Materials science","score":0.3440178632736206},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.2914184629917145},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/acoustics","display_name":"Acoustics","score":0.27294921875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.24192339181900024},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power","display_name":"Power (physics)","score":0.1243852972984314}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19474535","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131172","display_name":"Welding","level":2,"score":0.7448529005050659},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81288441","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q20736125","display_name":"Ultrasonic sensor","level":2,"score":0.5281736254692078},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165801399","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25428","display_name":"Voltage","level":2,"score":0.5153850317001343},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778922904","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q580160","display_name":"Ultrasonic welding","level":3,"score":0.5084180235862732},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555008776","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q267298","display_name":"Battery (electricity)","level":3,"score":0.48660480976104736},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.4732765853404999},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.45121315121650696},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78519656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101333","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","level":1,"score":0.44595080614089966},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.3440178632736206},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.2914184629917145},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24890656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82811","display_name":"Acoustics","level":1,"score":0.27294921875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.24192339181900024},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.1243852972984314},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2023.3344160","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2023.3344160","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/10005208/10366182.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:a792ab585a0848b8aeaf8a801b55d491","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/a792ab585a0848b8aeaf8a801b55d491","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 11, Pp 146313-146321 (2023)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2023.3344160","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2023.3344160","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/10005208/10366182.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.6100000143051147,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","display_name":"Affordable and clean energy"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4371860265","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"1415185588","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321681","funder_display_name":"Ministry of Trade, Industry and Energy"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G649233884","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"KITECH-EH230007","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322092","funder_display_name":"Korea Institute of Industrial Technology"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321681","display_name":"Ministry of Trade, Industry and Energy","ror":"https://ror.org/008nkqk13"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322092","display_name":"Korea Institute of Industrial Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04qfph657"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4389943430.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4389943430.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":27,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W212519258","https://openalex.org/W339242775","https://openalex.org/W1982776965","https://openalex.org/W2002216011","https://openalex.org/W2009563508","https://openalex.org/W2029669286","https://openalex.org/W2037041660","https://openalex.org/W2065077785","https://openalex.org/W2079985616","https://openalex.org/W2103884570","https://openalex.org/W2110133537","https://openalex.org/W2263811289","https://openalex.org/W2768711797","https://openalex.org/W2792524465","https://openalex.org/W2907379103","https://openalex.org/W2942538816","https://openalex.org/W2989343137","https://openalex.org/W3004916977","https://openalex.org/W3010779281","https://openalex.org/W3011917774","https://openalex.org/W3020218019","https://openalex.org/W3080542696","https://openalex.org/W3141228567","https://openalex.org/W3183253666","https://openalex.org/W4290614697","https://openalex.org/W4328092127","https://openalex.org/W4378675190"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2044503519","https://openalex.org/W4400200109","https://openalex.org/W2314917133","https://openalex.org/W2046610411","https://openalex.org/W3011199464","https://openalex.org/W2743996787","https://openalex.org/W924290156","https://openalex.org/W4366423011","https://openalex.org/W2317770466","https://openalex.org/W3020193333"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0,85],"study":[1,170,216],"focuses":[2],"on":[3],"common":[4],"batteries":[5],"used":[6,118,207],"in":[7,58,119,183,208,243,251],"electric":[8],"vehicles,":[9],"which":[10],"are":[11,144,205],"composed":[12],"of":[13,51,56,100,140,186,238,247],"cells":[14,60],"grouped":[15],"into":[16],"modules":[17],"and":[18,35,49,68,77,112,128,158,178,195,218],"stacked":[19],"to":[20,31,81,91,199],"form":[21],"a":[22,37,152,155,159,209,220,234],"battery":[23,59,120,253],"pack.":[24],"Ultrasonic":[25],"metal":[26,249],"welding":[27,97,173,190,250],"(UMW)":[28],"is":[29,43,61],"employed":[30],"bond":[32],"these":[33,167],"cells,":[34],"ensuring":[36],"reliable":[38],"weld":[39,93],"quality":[40,55,94,125,229,246],"by":[41,95],"inspection":[42],"crucial":[44],"for":[45,165,226],"maintaining":[46],"the":[47,54,101,105,132,137,141,176,184,187,192,215,245,252],"performance":[48],"stability":[50],"batteries.":[52],"Currently,":[53],"UMW":[57,102,147,228],"assessed":[62],"through":[63],"sample":[64],"unit-based":[65],"T-peel":[66],"tests":[67],"visual":[69],"inspection,":[70],"methods":[71],"that":[72],"suffer":[73],"from":[74,131,175],"reduced":[75],"productivity":[76],"increased":[78],"costs":[79],"due":[80],"their":[82],"destructive":[83],"nature.":[84],"research":[86],"introduces":[87],"an":[88],"algorithm":[89,225,232],"designed":[90],"predict":[92],"analyzing":[96],"process":[98],"signals":[99,130],"process,":[103],"specifically":[104],"bonding":[106],"between":[107],"8-$\\mu":[108],"\\text{m}$-thick":[109],"Cu":[110],"foil":[111],"0.2-mm-thick":[113],"nickel-plated":[114],"copper":[115],"strip":[116],"materials":[117],"cell":[121],"manufacturing.":[122],"To":[123],"achieve":[124],"prediction,":[126],"current":[127,153,177],"voltage":[129,156,179],"welder,":[133],"as":[134,136],"well":[135],"displacement":[138,162],"signal":[139],"welded":[142],"part":[143],"used.":[145],"A":[146],"system":[148],"was":[149],"constructed,":[150],"incorporating":[151],"sensor,":[154,157,194],"linear":[160],"variable":[161],"transducer":[163],"(LVDT)":[164],"measuring":[166],"signals.":[168],"The":[169,231],"further":[171],"derives":[172],"energy":[174],"signals,":[180],"analyzes":[181],"changes":[182],"behavior":[185],"sonotrode":[188],"during":[189],"using":[191],"LVDT":[193],"employs":[196],"data":[197],"analysis":[198],"derive":[200],"feature":[201],"variables.":[202],"These":[203],"variables":[204],"then":[206],"machine":[210,223],"learning-based":[211],"classification":[212,236],"model.":[213],"Ultimately,":[214],"develops":[217],"evaluates":[219],"support":[221],"vector":[222],"(SVM)-based":[224],"real-time":[227],"determination.":[230],"achieves":[233],"high":[235],"accuracy":[237],"98%,":[239],"showcasing":[240],"its":[241],"effectiveness":[242],"predicting":[244],"ultrasonic":[248],"manufacturing":[254],"process.":[255]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-07-29T09:40:50.615796","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}