{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4389776578","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2023.3343466","title":"Decentralized Smart Energy Management in Hybrid Microgrids: Evaluating Operational Modes, Resources Optimization, and Environmental Impacts","display_name":"Decentralized Smart Energy Management in Hybrid Microgrids: Evaluating Operational Modes, Resources Optimization, and Environmental Impacts","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4389776578","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2023.3343466"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2023.3343466","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2023.3343466","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/10005208/10360805.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/10005208/10360805.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5040613236","display_name":"Moatasim Billah","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-2602-0845"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I929597975","display_name":"National University of Sciences and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/03w2j5y17","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I929597975"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Moatasim Billah","raw_affiliation_strings":["U.S.-Pakistan Center for Advanced Studies in Energy, National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST), Islamabad, Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-2602-0845","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"U.S.-Pakistan Center for Advanced Studies in Energy, National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST), Islamabad, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I929597975"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5013321169","display_name":"Muhammad Yousif","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1285-7111"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I52207611","display_name":"Al Baha University","ror":"https://ror.org/0403jak37","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I52207611"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Muhammad Yousif","raw_affiliation_strings":["Electrical Engineering Department, School of Engineering, Al-Baha University, Al Bahah, Saudi Arabia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1285-7111","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electrical Engineering Department, School of Engineering, Al-Baha University, Al Bahah, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I52207611"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5038857541","display_name":"Muhammad Numan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7069-144X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I929597975","display_name":"National University of Sciences and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/03w2j5y17","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I929597975"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Muhammad Numan","raw_affiliation_strings":["U.S.-Pakistan Center for Advanced Studies in Energy, National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST), Islamabad, Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7069-144X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"U.S.-Pakistan Center for Advanced Studies in Energy, National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST), Islamabad, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I929597975"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5028634809","display_name":"Izhar Us Salam","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0005-2180-9700"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I929597975","display_name":"National University of Sciences and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/03w2j5y17","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I929597975"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Izhar Us Salam","raw_affiliation_strings":["U.S.-Pakistan Center for Advanced Studies in Energy, National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST), Islamabad, Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0005-2180-9700","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"U.S.-Pakistan Center for Advanced Studies in Energy, National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST), Islamabad, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I929597975"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5000616894","display_name":"Syed Ali Abbas Kazmi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9191-8241"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I929597975","display_name":"National University of Sciences and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/03w2j5y17","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I929597975"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Syed Ali Abbas Kazmi","raw_affiliation_strings":["U.S.-Pakistan Center for Advanced Studies in Energy, National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST), Islamabad, Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"U.S.-Pakistan Center for Advanced Studies in Energy, National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST), Islamabad, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I929597975"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5024972038","display_name":"Thamer A. H. Alghamdi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3212-8493"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I52207611","display_name":"Al Baha University","ror":"https://ror.org/0403jak37","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I52207611"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I79510175","display_name":"Cardiff University","ror":"https://ror.org/03kk7td41","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79510175"]}],"countries":["GB","SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Thamer A. H. Alghamdi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Electrical Engineering Department, School of Engineering, Al-Baha University, Al Bahah, Saudi Arabia","Wolfson Centre for Magnetics, School of Engineering, Cardiff University, Cardiff, U.K"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3212-8493","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electrical Engineering Department, School of Engineering, Al-Baha University, Al Bahah, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I52207611"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Wolfson Centre for Magnetics, School of Engineering, Cardiff University, Cardiff, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79510175"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":1.8583,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":16,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.85959118,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"11","issue":null,"first_page":"143530","last_page":"143548"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10603","display_name":"Smart Grid Energy Management","score":0.9950000047683716,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10603","display_name":"Smart Grid Energy Management","score":0.9950000047683716,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10223","display_name":"Microgrid Control and Optimization","score":0.9944999814033508,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10768","display_name":"Electric Vehicles and Infrastructure","score":0.9664999842643738,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/energy-management","display_name":"Energy management","score":0.588676929473877},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5129387378692627},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/energy-resources","display_name":"Energy resources","score":0.4447783827781677},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/energy","display_name":"Energy (signal processing)","score":0.3573857247829437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/risk-analysis","display_name":"Risk analysis (engineering)","score":0.33153682947158813},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-science","display_name":"Environmental science","score":0.2700939178466797},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/business","display_name":"Business","score":0.17420414090156555},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-protection","display_name":"Environmental protection","score":0.08816409111022949}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C7817414","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1779504","display_name":"Energy management","level":3,"score":0.588676929473877},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5129387378692627},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2986957236","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8036562","display_name":"Energy resources","level":2,"score":0.4447783827781677},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186370098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q442787","display_name":"Energy (signal processing)","level":2,"score":0.3573857247829437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112930515","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4389547","display_name":"Risk analysis (engineering)","level":1,"score":0.33153682947158813},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.2700939178466797},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.17420414090156555},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C526734887","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q832237","display_name":"Environmental protection","level":1,"score":0.08816409111022949},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2023.3343466","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2023.3343466","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/10005208/10360805.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:https://orca.cardiff.ac.uk:166837","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":null,"pdf_url":"https://orca.cardiff.ac.uk/id/eprint/166837/1/Decentralized_Smart_Energy_Management_in_Hybrid_Microgrids_Evaluating_Operational_Modes_Resources_Optimization_and_Environmental_Impacts.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401195","display_name":"ORCA Online Research @Cardiff (Cardiff University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I79510175","host_organization_name":"Cardiff University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79510175"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:8e6447c9c8ed452da5ee97c19017948e","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/8e6447c9c8ed452da5ee97c19017948e","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 11, Pp 143530-143548 (2023)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2023.3343466","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2023.3343466","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/10005208/10360805.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4389776578.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4389776578.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":41,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1968382070","https://openalex.org/W2731682877","https://openalex.org/W2791729947","https://openalex.org/W2801697029","https://openalex.org/W2809874778","https://openalex.org/W2894831564","https://openalex.org/W2905847250","https://openalex.org/W2949312071","https://openalex.org/W2952955162","https://openalex.org/W2969288715","https://openalex.org/W2983178048","https://openalex.org/W3002616695","https://openalex.org/W3005154302","https://openalex.org/W3006721701","https://openalex.org/W3007217427","https://openalex.org/W3007911028","https://openalex.org/W3018959032","https://openalex.org/W3022979831","https://openalex.org/W3034315953","https://openalex.org/W3035572952","https://openalex.org/W3044729587","https://openalex.org/W3093522123","https://openalex.org/W3107393802","https://openalex.org/W3118668405","https://openalex.org/W3156761464","https://openalex.org/W3174709498","https://openalex.org/W3187089928","https://openalex.org/W3193666537","https://openalex.org/W3199764587","https://openalex.org/W3215519117","https://openalex.org/W4283276102","https://openalex.org/W4283643732","https://openalex.org/W4283796944","https://openalex.org/W4287642465","https://openalex.org/W4295391571","https://openalex.org/W4312224064","https://openalex.org/W4313582842","https://openalex.org/W4365514913","https://openalex.org/W4385740766","https://openalex.org/W4385945561","https://openalex.org/W4385978090"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2354768891","https://openalex.org/W4229332389","https://openalex.org/W1510108650","https://openalex.org/W2322968447","https://openalex.org/W2356819012","https://openalex.org/W2350966665","https://openalex.org/W1483870168","https://openalex.org/W2351806512","https://openalex.org/W2699896741","https://openalex.org/W4390046748"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Escalating":[0],"energy":[1,16,86,182,187,208,216,224],"demands":[2],"and":[3,32,52,72,91,111,121,135,170,213],"climate":[4,113],"change":[5],"challenges":[6],"necessitate":[7],"the":[8,15,36,60,105,144,152,168,191,198],"adaptation":[9],"of":[10,35,59,64,102,143,180,200,222],"renewable-based":[11],"microgrid":[12,38,42,62,169],"systems":[13],"in":[14,226],"sector.":[17],"The":[18,40,57,75,146,174,195],"proposed":[19],"work":[20],"employs":[21],"a":[22,49,53,202],"robust":[23],"Multi":[24],"Agent":[25],"System":[26],"(MAS)":[27],"technique":[28],"to":[29,70,128,163],"achieve":[30],"efficient":[31,178],"automated":[33],"control":[34,193],"hybrid":[37,41,61,227],"operation.":[39],"system":[43],"incorporates":[44],"Renewable":[45],"Energy":[46],"Sources":[47],"(RES),":[48],"diesel":[50],"generator,":[51],"battery":[54],"storage":[55],"system.":[56,194],"operation":[58,142],"consists":[63],"three":[65],"distinct":[66],"modes:":[67],"islanded,":[68],"transition":[69,127],"grid,":[71],"grid-oriented":[73,141],"mode.":[74],"system\u2019s":[76],"performance":[77],"is":[78,161],"optimized":[79],"by":[80,190],"considering":[81],"factors":[82],"like":[83],"climatic":[84,95],"patterns,":[85],"costs,":[87],"connected":[88],"source":[89],"characteristics,":[90],"load":[92],"demand.":[93],"Different":[94],"scenarios":[96,123],"are":[97,115,124,138,149],"assessed":[98],"for":[99,117,126,140,205,219],"each":[100],"mode":[101,130],"operation,":[103],"where":[104],"best,":[106],"extreme":[107,109],"sunny,":[108],"cloudy,":[110],"worst":[112],"conditions":[114],"considered":[116,125,139],"islanded":[118],"mode;":[119],"sunny":[120],"cloudy":[122],"grid":[129],"as":[131,133],"well":[132],"grid-feed":[134],"grid-tied":[136],"modes":[137],"microgrid.":[145],"simulation":[147],"studies":[148],"performed":[150],"using":[151],"MATLAB/Simulink":[153],"R2021a":[154],"environment.":[155],"Furthermore,":[156],"Particle":[157],"Swarm":[158],"Optimization":[159],"(PSO)":[160],"implemented":[162],"optimize":[164],"power":[165],"allocation":[166],"within":[167],"enhance":[171],"its":[172],"cost-effectiveness.":[173],"optimization":[175],"results":[176,196],"demonstrate":[177],"utilization":[179],"available":[181],"sources":[183],"along":[184],"with":[185],"effective":[186],"management":[188,209,217],"facilitated":[189],"MAS":[192,203],"emphasize":[197],"importance":[199],"adopting":[201],"approach":[204],"achieving":[206],"smart":[207],"through":[210],"comprehensive":[211],"analysis":[212],"integrating":[214],"decentralized":[215],"techniques":[218],"optimal":[220],"accommodation":[221],"distributed":[223],"resources":[225],"microgrids.":[228]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-03-27T05:58:40.876381","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
