{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4389776525","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2023.3343405","title":"Zero-Knowledge Proof of Traffic: A Deterministic and Privacy-Preserving Cross Verification Mechanism for Cooperative Perception Data","display_name":"Zero-Knowledge Proof of Traffic: A Deterministic and Privacy-Preserving Cross Verification Mechanism for Cooperative Perception Data","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4389776525","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2023.3343405"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2023.3343405","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2023.3343405","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/10360830.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/10360830.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101911400","display_name":"Ye Tao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1236-1343"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I74801974","display_name":"The University of Tokyo","ror":"https://ror.org/057zh3y96","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74801974"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ye Tao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Graduate School of Information Science and Technology, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo City, Japan","Graduate School of Information Science and Technology, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1, Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1236-1343","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Graduate School of Information Science and Technology, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo City, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74801974"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Graduate School of Information Science and Technology, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1, Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74801974"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5080705403","display_name":"Ehsan Javanmardi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0337-115X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I74801974","display_name":"The University of Tokyo","ror":"https://ror.org/057zh3y96","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74801974"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ehsan Javanmardi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Graduate School of Information Science and Technology, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo City, Japan","Graduate School of Information Science and Technology, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1, Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0337-115X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Graduate School of Information Science and Technology, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo City, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74801974"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Graduate School of Information Science and Technology, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1, Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74801974"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100544946","display_name":"Pengfei Lin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2436-1778"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I74801974","display_name":"The University of Tokyo","ror":"https://ror.org/057zh3y96","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74801974"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Pengfei Lin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Graduate School of Information Science and Technology, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo City, Japan","Graduate School of Information Science and Technology, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1, Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Graduate School of Information Science and Technology, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo City, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74801974"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Graduate School of Information Science and Technology, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1, Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74801974"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5091566433","display_name":"Jin Nakazato","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2394-267X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I74801974","display_name":"The University of Tokyo","ror":"https://ror.org/057zh3y96","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74801974"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jin Nakazato","raw_affiliation_strings":["Graduate School of Information Science and Technology, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo City, Japan","Graduate School of Information Science and Technology, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1, Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2394-267X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Graduate School of Information Science and Technology, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo City, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74801974"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Graduate School of Information Science and Technology, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1, Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74801974"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5038338744","display_name":"Yuze Jiang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-6757-2991"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I74801974","display_name":"The University of Tokyo","ror":"https://ror.org/057zh3y96","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74801974"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yuze Jiang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Graduate School of Information Science and Technology, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo City, Japan","Graduate School of Information Science and Technology, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1, Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-6757-2991","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Graduate School of Information Science and Technology, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo City, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74801974"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Graduate School of Information Science and Technology, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1, Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74801974"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5067716610","display_name":"Manabu Tsukada","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8045-3939"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I74801974","display_name":"The University of Tokyo","ror":"https://ror.org/057zh3y96","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74801974"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Manabu Tsukada","raw_affiliation_strings":["Graduate School of Information Science and Technology, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo City, Japan","Graduate School of Information Science and Technology, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1, Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8045-3939","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Graduate School of Information Science and Technology, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo City, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74801974"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Graduate School of Information Science and Technology, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1, Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74801974"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5052106822","display_name":"Hiroshi Esaki","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5657-9216"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I74801974","display_name":"The University of Tokyo","ror":"https://ror.org/057zh3y96","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74801974"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hiroshi Esaki","raw_affiliation_strings":["Graduate School of Information Science and Technology, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo City, Japan","Graduate School of Information Science and Technology, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1, Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Graduate School of Information Science and Technology, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo City, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74801974"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Graduate School of Information Science and Technology, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1, Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74801974"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74801974"],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":1.0597,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":8,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.81535811,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"11","issue":null,"first_page":"142846","last_page":"142861"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10764","display_name":"Privacy-Preserving Technologies in Data","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10764","display_name":"Privacy-Preserving Technologies in Data","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10761","display_name":"Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks (VANETs)","score":0.9991999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10388","display_name":"Advanced Steganography and Watermarking Techniques","score":0.998199999332428,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/zero-knowledge-proof","display_name":"Zero-knowledge proof","score":0.7988152503967285},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7477103471755981},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/perception","display_name":"Perception","score":0.5597683191299438},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mechanism","display_name":"Mechanism (biology)","score":0.4861268997192383},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/zero","display_name":"Zero (linguistics)","score":0.4583134353160858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.36570245027542114},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cryptography","display_name":"Cryptography","score":0.21916168928146362},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.07905381917953491}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C176329583","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q191943","display_name":"Zero-knowledge proof","level":3,"score":0.7988152503967285},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7477103471755981},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26760741","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q160402","display_name":"Perception","level":2,"score":0.5597683191299438},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89611455","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6804646","display_name":"Mechanism (biology)","level":2,"score":0.4861268997192383},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780813799","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3274237","display_name":"Zero (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.4583134353160858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.36570245027542114},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178489894","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8789","display_name":"Cryptography","level":2,"score":0.21916168928146362},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.07905381917953491},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169760540","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207011","display_name":"Neuroscience","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2023.3343405","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2023.3343405","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/10360830.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:c3f1b8bab438461abd6edee4d54ed6f9","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/c3f1b8bab438461abd6edee4d54ed6f9","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 11, Pp 142846-142861 (2023)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2023.3343405","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2023.3343405","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/10360830.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3110421111","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"01101","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335839","funder_display_name":"National Institute of Information and Communications Technology"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3299512914","display_name":"Cooperative Planning for Autonomous Vehicles Based on V2X Communication","funder_award_id":"23KJ0391","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334764","funder_display_name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8713214861","display_name":"Cyber-Physical System Architecture for Cooperative Driving","funder_award_id":"21H03423","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334764","funder_display_name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320324891","display_name":"Iran Telecommunication Research Center","ror":"https://ror.org/01a3g2z22"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334764","display_name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science","ror":"https://ror.org/00hhkn466"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335839","display_name":"National Institute of Information and Communications Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/016bgq349"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4389776525.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4389776525.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":51,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W339396708","https://openalex.org/W1520914943","https://openalex.org/W1970606468","https://openalex.org/W1971052871","https://openalex.org/W2013613544","https://openalex.org/W2013686672","https://openalex.org/W2023060212","https://openalex.org/W2036679097","https://openalex.org/W2043007983","https://openalex.org/W2097067054","https://openalex.org/W2100975384","https://openalex.org/W2114902045","https://openalex.org/W2128269064","https://openalex.org/W2147510259","https://openalex.org/W2221980827","https://openalex.org/W2342057333","https://openalex.org/W2503779953","https://openalex.org/W2581560412","https://openalex.org/W2889118520","https://openalex.org/W2897988018","https://openalex.org/W2913264686","https://openalex.org/W2916399511","https://openalex.org/W2921057824","https://openalex.org/W2921352626","https://openalex.org/W2955695105","https://openalex.org/W2973880657","https://openalex.org/W2989918996","https://openalex.org/W2990385631","https://openalex.org/W3009904945","https://openalex.org/W3024638027","https://openalex.org/W3092344149","https://openalex.org/W3132421801","https://openalex.org/W3151647389","https://openalex.org/W3173112500","https://openalex.org/W3209017712","https://openalex.org/W4205306613","https://openalex.org/W4206951005","https://openalex.org/W4220793979","https://openalex.org/W4226102281","https://openalex.org/W4239182765","https://openalex.org/W4281775699","https://openalex.org/W4287878580","https://openalex.org/W4298180323","https://openalex.org/W4300981833","https://openalex.org/W4318149071","https://openalex.org/W4323034235","https://openalex.org/W4327767767","https://openalex.org/W4367182782","https://openalex.org/W4376456966","https://openalex.org/W4385801441","https://openalex.org/W4391768463"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1870614684","https://openalex.org/W194387157","https://openalex.org/W2000850689","https://openalex.org/W1483984920","https://openalex.org/W59628553","https://openalex.org/W2376228871","https://openalex.org/W3021720713","https://openalex.org/W2038517014","https://openalex.org/W1539572409","https://openalex.org/W2952570804"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Cooperative":[0],"perception":[1,18],"is":[2,128,146,159,185],"crucial":[3],"for":[4,242],"connected":[5],"automated":[6],"vehicles":[7,25],"in":[8,187],"intelligent":[9],"transportation":[10],"systems":[11],"(ITSs);":[12],"however,":[13],"ensuring":[14],"the":[15,24,42,74,98,105,131,142,183,199,208,232,239,249],"authenticity":[16,43],"of":[17,44,89,144,182,194,201,207],"data":[19],"remains":[20],"a":[21,83,149,191],"challenge":[22],"as":[23,47,59,65,216],"cannot":[26],"verify":[27],"events":[28],"that":[29,140,168,205],"they":[30,60],"do":[31],"not":[32],"witness":[33],"independently.":[34],"Various":[35],"studies":[36],"have":[37],"been":[38],"conducted":[39,161],"on":[40,117],"establishing":[41],"data,":[45],"such":[46,64,215],"trust-based":[48],"statistical":[49],"methods":[50,56],"and":[51,179,213,238],"plausibility-based":[52],"methods.":[53],"However,":[54],"these":[55],"are":[57],"limited":[58],"require":[61],"prior":[62],"knowledge":[63],"previous":[66],"sender":[67],"behaviors":[68],"or":[69,121],"predefined":[70],"rules":[71],"to":[72,97,176],"evaluate":[73],"authenticity.":[75],"To":[76],"overcome":[77],"this":[78,80],"limitation,":[79],"study":[81],"proposes":[82],"novel":[84],"approach":[85,224],"called":[86,153],"zero-knowledge":[87],"Proof":[88],"Traffic":[90],"(zk-PoT),":[91],"which":[92,166],"involves":[93],"generating":[94],"cryptographic":[95],"proofs":[96,103],"traffic":[99],"observations.":[100],"Multiple":[101],"independent":[102],"regarding":[104],"same":[106],"vehicle":[107],"can":[108,219,225],"be":[109,211,220,226],"deterministically":[110],"cross-verified":[111],"by":[112],"any":[113],"receivers":[114],"without":[115,247],"relying":[116],"ground":[118],"truth,":[119],"probabilistic,":[120],"plausibility":[122],"evaluations.":[123],"Additionally,":[124],"no":[125],"private":[126],"information":[127],"compromised":[129],"during":[130],"entire":[132],"procedure.":[133],"A":[134,155],"full":[135],"on-board":[136],"unit":[137],"software":[138],"stack":[139],"reflects":[141],"behavior":[143],"zk-PoT":[145],"implemented":[147],"within":[148],"specifically":[150],"designed":[151],"simulator":[152],"Flowsim.":[154],"comprehensive":[156],"experimental":[157],"analysis":[158],"then":[160],"using":[162],"synthesized":[163],"city-scale":[164],"simulations,":[165],"demonstrates":[167],"zk-PoT\u2019s":[169],"cross-verification":[170],"ratio":[171],"ranges":[172],"between":[173],"80":[174],"%":[175,181],"96":[177],"%,":[178],"90":[180],"verification":[184],"achieved":[186],"5":[188],"s,":[189],"with":[190],"protocol":[192],"overhead":[193],"approximately":[195],"25":[196],"%.":[197],"Furthermore,":[198],"analyses":[200],"various":[202],"attacks":[203,209],"indicate":[204],"most":[206],"could":[210],"prevented,":[212],"some,":[214],"collusion":[217],"attacks,":[218],"mitigated.":[221],"The":[222],"proposed":[223],"incorporated":[227],"into":[228],"existing":[229],"works,":[230],"including":[231],"European":[233],"Telecommunications":[234],"Standards":[235],"Institute":[236],"(ETSI)":[237],"International":[240],"Organization":[241],"Standardization":[243],"(ISO)":[244],"ITS":[245],"standards,":[246],"disrupting":[248],"backward":[250],"compatibility.":[251]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-07-15T18:14:33.161393","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
