{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4389665042","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2023.3342713","title":"Low Loss Wideband 4\u00d74 Butler Matrix Networks Based on Substrate Integrated Waveguide for 5G Applications","display_name":"Low Loss Wideband 4\u00d74 Butler Matrix Networks Based on Substrate Integrated Waveguide for 5G Applications","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-12-13","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4389665042","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2023.3342713"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2023.3342713","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2023.3342713","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/10356053.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/10356053.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5069491259","display_name":"Yaqdhan Mahmood Hussein","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7153-4120"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4576418","display_name":"University of Technology Malaysia","ror":"https://ror.org/026w31v75","country_code":"MY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4576418"]}],"countries":["MY"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Yaqdhan Mahmood Hussein","raw_affiliation_strings":["Advance RF and Microwave Research Group (ARFMRG), Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM), Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7153-4120","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Advance RF and Microwave Research Group (ARFMRG), Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM), Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4576418"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5024376824","display_name":"M. K. A. Rahim","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5488-9277"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4576418","display_name":"University of Technology Malaysia","ror":"https://ror.org/026w31v75","country_code":"MY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4576418"]}],"countries":["MY"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mohamad Kamal A. Rahim","raw_affiliation_strings":["Advance RF and Microwave Research Group (ARFMRG), Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM), Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5488-9277","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Advance RF and Microwave Research Group (ARFMRG), Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM), Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4576418"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5005158470","display_name":"Noor Asniza Murad","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5685-3040"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4576418","display_name":"University of Technology Malaysia","ror":"https://ror.org/026w31v75","country_code":"MY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4576418"]}],"countries":["MY"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Noor Asniza Murad","raw_affiliation_strings":["Advance RF and Microwave Research Group (ARFMRG), Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM), Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5685-3040","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Advance RF and Microwave Research Group (ARFMRG), Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM), Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4576418"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5036540672","display_name":"Hatem Oday Hanoosh","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8331-5694"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4576418","display_name":"University of Technology Malaysia","ror":"https://ror.org/026w31v75","country_code":"MY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4576418"]}],"countries":["MY"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hatem Oday Hanoosh","raw_affiliation_strings":["Advance RF and Microwave Research Group (ARFMRG), Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM), Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8331-5694","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Advance RF and Microwave Research Group (ARFMRG), Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM), Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4576418"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5069491259"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4576418"],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":1.8991,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":15,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.86311348,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"12","issue":null,"first_page":"7896","last_page":"7910"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10262","display_name":"Microwave Engineering and Waveguides","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10262","display_name":"Microwave Engineering and Waveguides","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10069","display_name":"Antenna Design and Analysis","score":0.9991000294685364,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10936","display_name":"Millimeter-Wave Propagation and Modeling","score":0.9987999796867371,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/return-loss","display_name":"Return loss","score":0.647592306137085},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/microstrip","display_name":"Microstrip","score":0.5798885822296143},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/directivity","display_name":"Directivity","score":0.5582646727561951},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/beamforming","display_name":"Beamforming","score":0.5334328413009644},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/waveguide","display_name":"Waveguide","score":0.48666030168533325},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/insertion-loss","display_name":"Insertion loss","score":0.4675627648830414},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wideband","display_name":"Wideband","score":0.46461784839630127},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hybrid-coupler","display_name":"Hybrid coupler","score":0.43509548902511597},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.43508633971214294},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/materials-science","display_name":"Materials science","score":0.42350298166275024},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radiation-pattern","display_name":"Radiation pattern","score":0.42193835973739624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/antenna","display_name":"Antenna (radio)","score":0.3994693458080292},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.35099470615386963},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.34089261293411255},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optoelectronics","display_name":"Optoelectronics","score":0.3254290819168091},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power-dividers-and-directional-couplers","display_name":"Power dividers and directional couplers","score":0.29767248034477234},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.2458144724369049}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C196901423","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3933836","display_name":"Return loss","level":3,"score":0.647592306137085},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123657345","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q639055","display_name":"Microstrip","level":2,"score":0.5798885822296143},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C189039984","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8225412","display_name":"Directivity","level":3,"score":0.5582646727561951},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54197355","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5782992","display_name":"Beamforming","level":2,"score":0.5334328413009644},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C200687136","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11233438","display_name":"Waveguide","level":2,"score":0.48666030168533325},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90327742","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q947396","display_name":"Insertion loss","level":2,"score":0.4675627648830414},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780202535","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4524457","display_name":"Wideband","level":2,"score":0.46461784839630127},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80185135","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1417986","display_name":"Hybrid coupler","level":3,"score":0.43509548902511597},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.43508633971214294},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.42350298166275024},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151764478","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q571921","display_name":"Radiation pattern","level":3,"score":0.42193835973739624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21822782","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131214","display_name":"Antenna (radio)","level":2,"score":0.3994693458080292},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.35099470615386963},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.34089261293411255},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49040817","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193091","display_name":"Optoelectronics","level":1,"score":0.3254290819168091},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202988678","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1417986","display_name":"Power dividers and directional couplers","level":2,"score":0.29767248034477234},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.2458144724369049}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2023.3342713","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2023.3342713","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/10356053.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:f6d8109426e448c8ae0089814f2a7bbd","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/f6d8109426e448c8ae0089814f2a7bbd","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 12, Pp 7896-7910 (2024)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2023.3342713","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2023.3342713","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/10356053.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4317448097","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"09G19","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323300","funder_display_name":"Universiti Teknologi Malaysia"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5637047270","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"FRGS/1/2021/TKO/UTM/01/7","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323300","funder_display_name":"Universiti Teknologi Malaysia"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322724","display_name":"Ministry of Education, India","ror":"https://ror.org/048xjjh50"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323300","display_name":"Universiti Teknologi Malaysia","ror":"https://ror.org/026w31v75"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4389665042.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4389665042.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":26,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1968004485","https://openalex.org/W1982245987","https://openalex.org/W2059293198","https://openalex.org/W2113740715","https://openalex.org/W2121408027","https://openalex.org/W2136014485","https://openalex.org/W2154000887","https://openalex.org/W2163808679","https://openalex.org/W2201237000","https://openalex.org/W2270336672","https://openalex.org/W2564939637","https://openalex.org/W2566415056","https://openalex.org/W2607584789","https://openalex.org/W2624494617","https://openalex.org/W2736609928","https://openalex.org/W2765391953","https://openalex.org/W2781831880","https://openalex.org/W2790409500","https://openalex.org/W2792368751","https://openalex.org/W2799552098","https://openalex.org/W2801792228","https://openalex.org/W2918952772","https://openalex.org/W3138162357","https://openalex.org/W3151120434","https://openalex.org/W6694062832","https://openalex.org/W6737365712"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2124725464","https://openalex.org/W1973870453","https://openalex.org/W2086351729","https://openalex.org/W4313451576","https://openalex.org/W2772649333","https://openalex.org/W2106709610","https://openalex.org/W2124489485","https://openalex.org/W2111240336","https://openalex.org/W2008701935","https://openalex.org/W1821229267"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Current":[0],"wireless":[1],"communications":[2],"urgently":[3],"need":[4],"to":[5,24,88,103,150,173,240,256,299,311,318,375,406],"provide":[6,25],"huge":[7],"data":[8],"rates,":[9],"high":[10,13,52,351],"gain":[11,183,353],"and":[12,45,58,79,86,117,123,167,178,182,196,209,223,238,245,323,333,350,401],"directivity":[14],"radiation":[15,130],"pattern":[16],"beams.":[17],"Therefore,":[18],"beamforming":[19,35,154,171,281,361,429],"networks":[20],"(BFNs)":[21],"are":[22,84,94,200,213,297,328,363,392],"introduced":[23,87,422],"these":[26],"needs.":[27],"Butler":[28,90],"matrix":[29],"(BM)":[30],"is":[31,67,143,162,232,254,264,282,371],"a":[32,151,164,258,301,423],"type":[33],"of":[34,100,106,113,115,211,274,285,342,354,368,397,426],"network,":[36,63],"which":[37,111,148],"can":[38],"be":[39],"realized":[40],"using":[41,69,330],"fixed":[42],"network":[43,155,362,430],"circuits":[44],"feeds":[46],"the":[47,98,134,139,175,214,220,230,242,251,271,283,295,360,369],"antenna":[48,170,288,419,428],"array.":[49],"BM":[50,101,188,305,312,322,370,415],"at":[51,125,156,184,226,247,378,394,403,438],"frequency":[53],"suffers":[54],"from":[55,133],"components":[56,189,296],"loss":[57,108,131,177],"phase":[59,198,224,244,262,383],"error":[60,385],"for":[61,97,319,359],"massive":[62,153],"especially":[64],"when":[65],"it":[66],"implemented":[68],"common":[70],"microstrip":[71,116],"structures.":[72],"Different":[73],"transmission":[74,109],"lines":[75],"such":[76,190],"as":[77,191],"waveguide":[78,82,118,146],"substrate":[80],"integrated":[81,298],"(SIW)":[83],"studied":[85],"realize":[89],"matrix.":[91],"SIW":[92,121,169,275,286,433],"structures":[93,124],"good":[95],"candidate":[96],"implementation":[99],"due":[102],"its":[104],"property":[105],"low":[107],"line":[110],"comprises":[112],"properties":[114],"technology.":[119],"However,":[120],"antennas":[122,309],"millimetre":[126],"waves":[127],"have":[128,421],"unwanted":[129],"coming":[132],"vias":[135,140,176,205,212,236,268],"holes.":[136],"In":[137],"addition,":[138],"separation":[141,315],"distance":[142,210,239,269],"dependent":[144],"on":[145,290,432],"size,":[147],"leads":[149],"more":[152,165,346,355],"26":[157,185,439],"GHz.":[158,186,440],"Hence,":[159,229,410],"this":[160,411],"thesis":[161],"proposing":[163],"size-friendly":[166],"optimal":[168],"structure":[172],"reduce":[174],"provides":[179],"higher":[180],"bandwidth":[181,344],"The":[187,261,277,325,340,365],"3-dB":[192],"coupler,":[193,320],"0-dB":[194,259],"crossover,":[195,321],"45-degree":[197],"shifter":[199,263],"designed":[201,233,252,265],"by":[202,335],"implementing":[203],"metallic":[204],"determination":[206],"method.":[207],"Size":[208],"most":[215],"important":[216],"factors":[217],"in":[218,280],"determining":[219],"coupling":[221,246,272],"ratio":[222],"shifts":[225],"output":[227,248,366],"ports.":[228,249],"coupler":[231,253],"with":[234,266,306,345,382,416,435],"different":[235],"width":[237],"obtain":[241],"correct":[243],"Then,":[250],"cascaded":[255],"form":[257,300],"crossover.":[260],"alerting":[267],"inside":[270],"area":[273],"structure.":[276],"last":[278],"component":[279],"design":[284,425],"slot":[287,292,308,418],"based":[289,431],"longitude":[291],"distributions.":[293],"All":[294],"4":[302,304,408,412,414],"\u00d7":[303,413],"four":[307,380,417],"attached":[310],"networks.":[313],"Microtrip":[314],"feedline":[316],"used":[317],"BFN.":[324],"proposed":[326],"designs":[327],"simulated":[329],"CST":[331],"software":[332],"fabricated":[334],"PCB":[336],"LPKF":[337],"ProtoMat":[338],"printer.":[339],"outcomes":[341],"wide":[343],"than":[347,356,387],"1":[348,405],"GHz":[349],"directive":[352,390],"10":[357],"dB":[358,374,377],"achieved.":[364],"power":[367],"between":[372],"-6":[373],"-8":[376],"all":[379],"ports":[381],"difference":[384],"less":[386],"5\u00b0.":[388],"Four":[389],"beams":[391],"achieved":[393],"beam":[395],"scanning":[396],"-14\u00b0,":[398],"-41\u00b0,":[399],"41\u00b0,":[400],"-14\u00b0":[402],"port":[404,407],"respectively.":[409],"theses":[420],"successful":[424],"an":[427],"technology":[434],"significant":[436],"characteristics":[437]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-05-06T08:25:59.206177","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
