{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4389610165","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2023.3341492","title":"Novel Methods for Improved Particle Swarm Optimization in Designing the Bandgap Reference Circuit","display_name":"Novel Methods for Improved Particle Swarm Optimization in Designing the Bandgap Reference Circuit","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4389610165","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2023.3341492"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2023.3341492","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2023.3341492","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/10353984.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/10353984.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5045777504","display_name":"Trang Hoang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7317-9708"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I123565023","display_name":"Vietnam National University Ho Chi Minh City","ror":"https://ror.org/00waaqh38","country_code":"VN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I123565023"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I47265099","display_name":"Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04qva2324","country_code":"VN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I123565023","https://openalex.org/I47265099"]}],"countries":["VN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Trang Hoang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronics, Faculty of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology (HCMUT), Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam","Vietnam National University Ho Chi Minh City, Linh Trung Ward, Thu Duc City, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam","Department of Electronics, Faculty of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology (HCMUT), 268 Ly Thuong Kiet Street, District 10, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7317-9708","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronics, Faculty of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology (HCMUT), Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I47265099"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Vietnam National University Ho Chi Minh City, Linh Trung Ward, Thu Duc City, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I123565023"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronics, Faculty of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology (HCMUT), 268 Ly Thuong Kiet Street, District 10, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I47265099"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101920687","display_name":"Thang Quoc Nguyen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-9367-2273"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I123565023","display_name":"Vietnam National University Ho Chi Minh City","ror":"https://ror.org/00waaqh38","country_code":"VN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I123565023"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I47265099","display_name":"Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04qva2324","country_code":"VN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I123565023","https://openalex.org/I47265099"]}],"countries":["VN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Thang Nguyen Quoc","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronics, Faculty of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology (HCMUT), Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam","Department of Electronics, Faculty of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology (HCMUT), 268 Ly Thuong Kiet Street, District 10, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam","Vietnam National University Ho Chi Minh City, Linh Trung Ward, Thu Duc City, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-9367-2273","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronics, Faculty of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology (HCMUT), Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I47265099"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronics, Faculty of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology (HCMUT), 268 Ly Thuong Kiet Street, District 10, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I47265099"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Vietnam National University Ho Chi Minh City, Linh Trung Ward, Thu Duc City, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I123565023"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100705837","display_name":"Lihong Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2946-8072"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130438778","display_name":"Memorial University of Newfoundland","ror":"https://ror.org/04haebc03","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130438778"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lihong Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Applied Science, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John’s, Canada"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2946-8072","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Applied Science, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John’s, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130438778"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5049089848","display_name":"Trung Q. Duong","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4703-4836"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I126231945","display_name":"Queen's University Belfast","ror":"https://ror.org/00hswnk62","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I126231945"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130438778","display_name":"Memorial University of Newfoundland","ror":"https://ror.org/04haebc03","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130438778"]}],"countries":["CA","GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Trung Q. Duong","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Applied Science, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John’s, Canada","School of Electronics, Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Queen's University Belfast, United Kingdom"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4703-4836","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Applied Science, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John’s, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130438778"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronics, Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Queen's University Belfast, United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I126231945"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":1.2103,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":15,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.76390658,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"11","issue":null,"first_page":"139964","last_page":"139978"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10323","display_name":"Analog and Mixed-Signal Circuit Design","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10323","display_name":"Analog and Mixed-Signal Circuit Design","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10363","display_name":"Low-power high-performance VLSI design","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10558","display_name":"Advancements in Semiconductor Devices and Circuit Design","score":0.9991999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power-supply-rejection-ratio","display_name":"Power supply rejection ratio","score":0.8849015235900879},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/particle-swarm-optimization","display_name":"Particle swarm optimization","score":0.8378176689147949},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bandgap-voltage-reference","display_name":"Bandgap voltage reference","score":0.7288225889205933},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cmos","display_name":"CMOS","score":0.591218113899231},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5239983797073364},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-circuit","display_name":"Electronic circuit","score":0.416687935590744},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control-theory","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","score":0.3928196430206299},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.3635546565055847},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/voltage","display_name":"Voltage","score":0.2518278956413269},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.2357809841632843},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/voltage-reference","display_name":"Voltage reference","score":0.1914983093738556},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.1901736855506897},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.1534155011177063},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.06253919005393982}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15892472","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1482413","display_name":"Power supply rejection ratio","level":4,"score":0.8849015235900879},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C85617194","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2072794","display_name":"Particle swarm optimization","level":2,"score":0.8378176689147949},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127033052","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q48635","display_name":"Bandgap voltage reference","level":5,"score":0.7288225889205933},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46362747","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173431","display_name":"CMOS","level":2,"score":0.591218113899231},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5239983797073364},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134146338","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1815901","display_name":"Electronic circuit","level":2,"score":0.416687935590744},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47446073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165890","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","level":3,"score":0.3928196430206299},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.3635546565055847},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165801399","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25428","display_name":"Voltage","level":2,"score":0.2518278956413269},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.2357809841632843},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44351266","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1465532","display_name":"Voltage reference","level":3,"score":0.1914983093738556},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.1901736855506897},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.1534155011177063},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.06253919005393982},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C194257627","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q211554","display_name":"Amplifier","level":3,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775924081","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55608371","display_name":"Control (management)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15032970","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q851210","display_name":"Dropout voltage","level":4,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2023.3341492","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2023.3341492","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/10353984.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:ba182309555445adbcce8c63f84a4e61","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/ba182309555445adbcce8c63f84a4e61","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 11, Pp 139964-139978 (2023)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2023.3341492","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2023.3341492","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/10353984.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.6200000047683716,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","display_name":"Affordable and clean energy"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G988125372","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"DS2023-20-03","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320326592","funder_display_name":"Viet Nam National University Ho Chi Minh City"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320326592","display_name":"Viet Nam National University Ho Chi Minh City","ror":"https://ror.org/00waaqh38"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4389610165.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4389610165.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":37,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1566916904","https://openalex.org/W1578249005","https://openalex.org/W1965284924","https://openalex.org/W1967680924","https://openalex.org/W1975593599","https://openalex.org/W2024169604","https://openalex.org/W2076566860","https://openalex.org/W2095157116","https://openalex.org/W2128134737","https://openalex.org/W2131183806","https://openalex.org/W2133201500","https://openalex.org/W2141958731","https://openalex.org/W2155937310","https://openalex.org/W2159904735","https://openalex.org/W2211711576","https://openalex.org/W2545603903","https://openalex.org/W2573137292","https://openalex.org/W2756075896","https://openalex.org/W2765148725","https://openalex.org/W2795765414","https://openalex.org/W2888707334","https://openalex.org/W2983257683","https://openalex.org/W2990521525","https://openalex.org/W2998589304","https://openalex.org/W3083389730","https://openalex.org/W3107965887","https://openalex.org/W3157306478","https://openalex.org/W3159688143","https://openalex.org/W3166315890","https://openalex.org/W3186234854","https://openalex.org/W3197793191","https://openalex.org/W4210287482","https://openalex.org/W4210747461","https://openalex.org/W4225332490","https://openalex.org/W4312323842","https://openalex.org/W4365800895","https://openalex.org/W4379958613"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2388657413","https://openalex.org/W2487240096","https://openalex.org/W3104603356","https://openalex.org/W4200432031","https://openalex.org/W2358476588","https://openalex.org/W2380135183","https://openalex.org/W2363105998","https://openalex.org/W2366264921","https://openalex.org/W2386343798","https://openalex.org/W4386207976"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Bandgap":[0],"reference":[1,10],"(BGR)":[2],"circuits":[3],"play":[4],"a":[5,16,36,46,66,86,189,196],"crucial":[6],"role":[7],"as":[8],"voltage":[9],"generators":[11],"for":[12,132],"other":[13,127],"components":[14],"within":[15],"variety":[17],"of":[18,42,58,65,99,138,173,192,198],"analog":[19],"integrated":[20],"circuits.":[21],"Therefore,":[22],"their":[23],"power":[24],"supply":[25,43],"rejection":[26],"ratio":[27],"(PSRR),":[28],"which":[29],"represents":[30],"the":[31,40,50,63,71,89,94,100,107,116,134,139,171,217],"BGR\u2019s":[32],"ability":[33],"to":[34,74,92,122],"maintain":[35],"stable":[37],"output":[38],"in":[39,88],"presence":[41],"ripples,":[44],"has":[45],"substantial":[47],"impact":[48],"on":[49],"overall":[51],"circuit":[52,69,84,184],"performance":[53],"and":[54,70,106,154,195,220,228],"is":[55],"consequently":[56],"worthy":[57],"attention.":[59],"In":[60,204],"this":[61,206],"work,":[62],"design":[64],"65nm-CMOS":[67],"BGR":[68,83],"computational":[72],"approach":[73],"optimize":[75],"its":[76],"PSRR":[77,95,108,124,197,214],"value":[78],"are":[79,111,142],"presented.":[80],"Our":[81],"proposed":[82,101,175],"incorporates":[85],"modification":[87],"op-amp":[90,211],"structure":[91],"enhance":[93],"parameter.":[96],"Detailed":[97],"explanations":[98],"op-amp\u2019s":[102],"differential":[103],"gain":[104],"calculation":[105],"parameter":[109,137,225],"formula":[110],"provided.":[112],"Additionally,":[113],"we":[114],"employ":[115],"particle":[117],"swarm":[118],"optimization":[119,215],"(PSO)":[120],"algorithm":[121,141],"maximize":[123],"while":[125],"satisfying":[126],"specifications.":[128],"Four":[129],"distinct":[130],"approaches":[131],"utilizing":[133],"inertia":[135,223],"weight":[136,224],"PSO":[140,155,218],"explored:":[143],"two":[144,163],"newly":[145],"developed":[146],"techniques":[147],"(PSO":[148],"\u2013":[149,156],"local":[150],"exploitation":[151],"orienter":[152,159],"(PSO-LEO)":[153],"global":[157],"exploration":[158],"(PSO-GEO))":[160],"together":[161],"with":[162],"conventional":[164],"approaches.":[165],"A":[166],"comprehensive":[167],"comparative":[168],"analysis":[169],"reveals":[170],"superiority":[172],"our":[174,179],"PSO-GEO":[176],"technique.":[177],"Ultimately,":[178],"65":[180],"nm":[181],"CMOS":[182],"bandgap":[183],"exhibits":[185],"exceptional":[186],"performance,":[187],"featuring":[188],"temperature":[190],"coefficient":[191],"6.4056":[193],"ppm/\u00b0C":[194],"99.9896":[199],"dB":[200],"at":[201],"1":[202],"kHz.":[203],"conclusion,":[205],"work":[207],"contributes":[208],"substantially":[209],"through":[210],"architecture":[212],"modification,":[213],"via":[216],"algorithm,":[219],"introducing":[221],"new":[222],"utilization":[226],"strategies":[227],"analyzing":[229],"them.":[230]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-27T08:26:11.824852","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}