{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4389474208","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2023.3341102","title":"Pre Synchronization Control Strategy of Virtual Synchronous Generator (VSG) in Micro-Grid","display_name":"Pre Synchronization Control Strategy of Virtual Synchronous Generator (VSG) in Micro-Grid","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4389474208","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2023.3341102"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2023.3341102","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2023.3341102","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/10352159.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/10352159.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101560462","display_name":"Jianfeng Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-1613-5256"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I902764099","display_name":"SEGi University","ror":"https://ror.org/05crr5s63","country_code":"MY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I902764099"]}],"countries":["MY"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jianfeng Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Centre of Advanced Electrical and Electronic Systems (CAEES), Faculty of Engineering and the Built Environment, SEGi University, Petaling Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia","Faculty of Engineering and the Built Environment, Centre of Advanced Electrical and Electronic Systems(CAEES), SEGi University, Kota Damansara, Petaling Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia","Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Hebei Vocational University of Technology and Engineering, Xingtai, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-1613-5256","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centre of Advanced Electrical and Electronic Systems (CAEES), Faculty of Engineering and the Built Environment, SEGi University, Petaling Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I902764099"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Engineering and the Built Environment, Centre of Advanced Electrical and Electronic Systems(CAEES), SEGi University, Kota Damansara, Petaling Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I902764099"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Hebei Vocational University of Technology and Engineering, Xingtai, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111323501","display_name":"Nurulazlina Ramli","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I902764099","display_name":"SEGi University","ror":"https://ror.org/05crr5s63","country_code":"MY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I902764099"]}],"countries":["MY"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nurulazlina Ramli","raw_affiliation_strings":["Centre of Advanced Electrical and Electronic Systems (CAEES), Faculty of Engineering and the Built Environment, SEGi University, Petaling Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia","Faculty of Engineering and the Built Environment, Centre of Advanced Electrical and Electronic Systems(CAEES), SEGi University, Kota Damansara, Petaling Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centre of Advanced Electrical and Electronic Systems (CAEES), Faculty of Engineering and the Built Environment, SEGi University, Petaling Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I902764099"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Engineering and the Built Environment, Centre of Advanced Electrical and Electronic Systems(CAEES), SEGi University, Kota Damansara, Petaling Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I902764099"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5048571181","display_name":"Noor Hafizah Abdul Aziz","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4584-3864"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I82724352","display_name":"Universiti Teknologi MARA","ror":"https://ror.org/05n8tts92","country_code":"MY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I82724352"]}],"countries":["MY"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Noor Hafizah Abdul Aziz","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical Engineering, College of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia","College of Engineering, School of Electrical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical Engineering, College of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82724352"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Engineering, School of Electrical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82724352"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":2.8853,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":17,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.91192457,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":98,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"11","issue":null,"first_page":"139004","last_page":"139016"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10223","display_name":"Microgrid Control and Optimization","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10223","display_name":"Microgrid Control and Optimization","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13183","display_name":"Islanding Detection in Power Systems","score":0.9936000108718872,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14444","display_name":"Power Systems and Renewable Energy","score":0.9818999767303467,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2102","display_name":"Energy Engineering and Power Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/21","display_name":"Energy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/synchronization","display_name":"Synchronization (alternating current)","score":0.74643874168396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7444568276405334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control-theory","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","score":0.4772222340106964},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/grid","display_name":"Grid","score":0.4683498740196228},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/phase-locked-loop","display_name":"Phase-locked loop","score":0.44796445965766907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/permanent-magnet-synchronous-generator","display_name":"Permanent magnet synchronous generator","score":0.43431392312049866},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reliability","display_name":"Reliability (semiconductor)","score":0.41010966897010803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power","display_name":"Power (physics)","score":0.39226043224334717},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/voltage","display_name":"Voltage","score":0.30909299850463867},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.20631924271583557},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control","display_name":"Control (management)","score":0.20310845971107483},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.150283545255661},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.09548383951187134},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/jitter","display_name":"Jitter","score":0.06839993596076965}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778562939","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1298791","display_name":"Synchronization (alternating current)","level":3,"score":0.74643874168396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7444568276405334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47446073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165890","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","level":3,"score":0.4772222340106964},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187691185","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2020720","display_name":"Grid","level":2,"score":0.4683498740196228},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12707504","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q52637","display_name":"Phase-locked loop","level":3,"score":0.44796445965766907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201320609","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3274420","display_name":"Permanent magnet synchronous generator","level":3,"score":0.43431392312049866},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43214815","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7310987","display_name":"Reliability (semiconductor)","level":3,"score":0.41010966897010803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.39226043224334717},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165801399","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25428","display_name":"Voltage","level":2,"score":0.30909299850463867},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.20631924271583557},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775924081","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55608371","display_name":"Control (management)","level":2,"score":0.20310845971107483},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.150283545255661},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.09548383951187134},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134652429","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1052698","display_name":"Jitter","level":2,"score":0.06839993596076965},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2023.3341102","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2023.3341102","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/10352159.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:7e96c1d37f95490ca682b7cd9a6869c1","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/7e96c1d37f95490ca682b7cd9a6869c1","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 11, Pp 139004-139016 (2023)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2023.3341102","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2023.3341102","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/10352159.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","score":0.7400000095367432}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2722728659","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2021MS123","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","funder_display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4389474208.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4389474208.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":29,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2920908701","https://openalex.org/W2949415939","https://openalex.org/W2979833777","https://openalex.org/W2990153409","https://openalex.org/W2990247042","https://openalex.org/W2992575483","https://openalex.org/W3033102087","https://openalex.org/W3034819955","https://openalex.org/W3115848261","https://openalex.org/W3126871117","https://openalex.org/W3130190102","https://openalex.org/W3138665944","https://openalex.org/W3184174741","https://openalex.org/W3194226332","https://openalex.org/W4205165165","https://openalex.org/W4206437471","https://openalex.org/W4224236861","https://openalex.org/W4280551674","https://openalex.org/W4285033595","https://openalex.org/W4285140310","https://openalex.org/W4285304257","https://openalex.org/W4289792759","https://openalex.org/W4293211502","https://openalex.org/W4297497487","https://openalex.org/W4309734203","https://openalex.org/W4310378816","https://openalex.org/W4312219237","https://openalex.org/W4319341688","https://openalex.org/W4320520702"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1576949837","https://openalex.org/W2097523295","https://openalex.org/W4360861688","https://openalex.org/W3134930219","https://openalex.org/W2967785526","https://openalex.org/W2908000842","https://openalex.org/W2065391525","https://openalex.org/W2113001378","https://openalex.org/W4318711045","https://openalex.org/W1993045784"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,140,201],"constant":[1],"increase":[2],"of":[3,10,39,65,123,198,209,246],"energy":[4,12,30],"demand":[5],"and":[6,41,43,128,133,192,196,221,238,244],"the":[7,17,50,60,74,108,120,124,129,135,150,159,162,174,179,186,189,194,199,206,241],"widespread":[8],"adoption":[9],"renewable":[11],"sources":[13],"have":[14],"led":[15],"to":[16,52,72,91,169,178],"significant":[18],"interest":[19],"in":[20,37,69,155,213],"micro-grids,":[21,70],"which":[22],"are":[23],"small-scale":[24],"power":[25,117,180],"systems":[26],"that":[27,79,106,230],"utilize":[28],"distributed":[29],"resources.":[31],"However,":[32],"micro-grids":[33,214],"face":[34],"synchronization":[35,62,153,207,218],"challenges":[36],"terms":[38],"stability":[40,195],"reliability,":[42],"virtual":[44,66,80,116,125,175,210],"synchronous":[45,67,81,126,176,211],"generator":[46,127,177],"technology":[47],"has":[48,203],"become":[49],"key":[51],"addressing":[53],"this":[54],"issue.":[55],"This":[56,98,182],"study":[57],"focuses":[58],"on":[59,188],"pre":[61,217],"control":[63,219],"strategy":[64,99],"generators":[68,82,212],"aiming":[71],"solve":[73],"potential":[75],"surge":[76],"current":[77],"problem":[78,208],"may":[83],"generate":[84],"when":[85],"switching":[86],"from":[87],"off":[88],"grid":[89,92,130],"mode":[90,94],"connected":[93],"through":[95,138,215],"innovative":[96,216],"methods.":[97],"employs":[100],"a":[101,111],"phase":[102,136,142,152,163],"difference":[103,137,143,164],"acquisition":[104],"method":[105,183],"eliminates":[107],"need":[109],"for":[110,149,240],"phase-locked":[112,190],"loop.":[113],"It":[114,227],"calculates":[115],"by":[118],"utilizing":[119],"output":[121],"voltage":[122],"side":[131],"voltage,":[132],"obtains":[134],"calculation.":[139],"resulting":[141],"is":[144,228],"then":[145],"used":[146],"as":[147],"input":[148],"frequency":[151,224],"unit":[154],"pre-synchronization.":[156],"By":[157],"adjusting":[158],"diagonal":[160],"frequency,":[161],"\u0394\u03b8":[165],"can":[166],"be":[167],"modified":[168],"achieve":[170],"pre-synchronization":[171],"before":[172],"connecting":[173],"grid.":[181],"notably":[184],"reduces":[185],"dependence":[187],"loop":[191],"enhances":[193],"reliability":[197],"system.":[200],"paper":[202],"effectively":[204],"solved":[205],"strategies":[220],"improved":[222],"secondary":[223],"regulation":[225],"strategies.":[226],"hoped":[229],"these":[231],"research":[232],"results":[233],"will":[234],"provide":[235],"new":[236],"ideas":[237],"methods":[239],"further":[242],"development":[243],"application":[245],"micro-grid":[247],"technology.":[248]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":7}],"updated_date":"2026-06-27T08:28:00.272161","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}