{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4389459168","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2023.3340622","title":"A Model-Based Markerless Protocol for Clinical Gait Analysis Based on a Single RGB-Depth Camera: Concurrent Validation on Patients With Cerebral Palsy","display_name":"A Model-Based Markerless Protocol for Clinical Gait Analysis Based on a Single RGB-Depth Camera: Concurrent Validation on Patients With Cerebral Palsy","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4389459168","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2023.3340622"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2023.3340622","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2023.3340622","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/10347196.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/10347196.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5082393052","display_name":"Diletta Balta","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5681-2444"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I177477856","display_name":"Politecnico di Torino","ror":"https://ror.org/00bgk9508","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I177477856"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Diletta Balta","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronics and Telecommunications, Politecnico di Torino, Turin, Italy","Department of Electronics and Telecommunications, Politecnico di Torino, Torino, Italy"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5681-2444","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronics and Telecommunications, Politecnico di Torino, Turin, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I177477856"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronics and Telecommunications, Politecnico di Torino, Torino, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I177477856"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5046684004","display_name":"Giulio Figari","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Giulio Figari","raw_affiliation_strings":["GPEM srl, Alghero, Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"GPEM srl, Alghero, Italy","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102751577","display_name":"Gabriele Paolini","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3352-8296"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gabriele Paolini","raw_affiliation_strings":["GPEM srl, Alghero, Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"GPEM srl, Alghero, Italy","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5009169035","display_name":"Evelina Pantzar-Castilla","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4621-4325"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210129463","display_name":"\u00d6rebro University Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/02m62qy71","country_code":"SE","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210129463"]}],"countries":["SE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Evelina Pantzar-Castilla","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Orthopedics, Örebro University Hospital, Örebro, Sweden"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4621-4325","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Orthopedics, Örebro University Hospital, Örebro, Sweden","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210129463"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5056675487","display_name":"Jacques Riad","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1212-3561"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210142379","display_name":"Skaraborg Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/040m2wv49","country_code":"SE","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210142379"]}],"countries":["SE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jacques Riad","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Orthopedics, Skaraborg Hospital Skövde, Skövde, Sweden"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1212-3561","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Orthopedics, Skaraborg Hospital Skövde, Skövde, Sweden","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210142379"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5030904888","display_name":"Ugo Della Croce","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5151-7403"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I159650629","display_name":"University of Sassari","ror":"https://ror.org/01bnjbv91","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I159650629"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ugo Della Croce","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5151-7403","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I159650629"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5001250171","display_name":"Andrea Cereatti","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7276-5382"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I177477856","display_name":"Politecnico di Torino","ror":"https://ror.org/00bgk9508","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I177477856"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Andrea Cereatti","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronics and Telecommunications, Politecnico di Torino, Turin, Italy","Department of Electronics and Telecommunications, Politecnico di Torino, Torino, Italy"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7276-5382","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronics and Telecommunications, Politecnico di Torino, Turin, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I177477856"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronics and Telecommunications, Politecnico di Torino, Torino, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I177477856"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":7,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5082393052"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I177477856"],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":2.1284,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":12,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.89349604,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":95,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"11","issue":null,"first_page":"144377","last_page":"144393"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11227","display_name":"Diabetic Foot Ulcer Assessment and Management","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2712","display_name":"Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11227","display_name":"Diabetic Foot Ulcer Assessment and Management","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2712","display_name":"Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11097","display_name":"Cerebral Palsy and Movement Disorders","score":0.9983000159263611,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2738","display_name":"Psychiatry and Mental health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11670","display_name":"Pressure Ulcer Prevention and Management","score":0.9958999752998352,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3609","display_name":"Occupational Therapy"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/36","display_name":"Health Professions"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gait-analysis","display_name":"Gait analysis","score":0.7450510859489441},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gait","display_name":"Gait","score":0.7340251207351685},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/motion-capture","display_name":"Motion capture","score":0.6387786865234375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cerebral-palsy","display_name":"Cerebral palsy","score":0.5793218612670898},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/kinematics","display_name":"Kinematics","score":0.5771884322166443},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5714905858039856},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ankle","display_name":"Ankle","score":0.5320913195610046},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sagittal-plane","display_name":"Sagittal plane","score":0.51148521900177},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/motion-analysis","display_name":"Motion analysis","score":0.5074662566184998},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physical-medicine-and-rehabilitation","display_name":"Physical medicine and rehabilitation","score":0.4689469039440155},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.4247724413871765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.3961774408817291},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medicine","display_name":"Medicine","score":0.2836376130580902},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/motion","display_name":"Motion (physics)","score":0.20595481991767883},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/surgery","display_name":"Surgery","score":0.10838174819946289}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173906292","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1493441","display_name":"Gait analysis","level":3,"score":0.7450510859489441},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151800584","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2370000","display_name":"Gait","level":2,"score":0.7340251207351685},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48007421","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q676252","display_name":"Motion capture","level":3,"score":0.6387786865234375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779421357","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q210427","display_name":"Cerebral palsy","level":2,"score":0.5793218612670898},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39920418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11476","display_name":"Kinematics","level":2,"score":0.5771884322166443},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5714905858039856},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778640784","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q168002","display_name":"Ankle","level":2,"score":0.5320913195610046},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178910020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2211994","display_name":"Sagittal plane","level":2,"score":0.51148521900177},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777036941","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6917771","display_name":"Motion analysis","level":2,"score":0.5074662566184998},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99508421","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2678675","display_name":"Physical medicine and rehabilitation","level":1,"score":0.4689469039440155},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4247724413871765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.3961774408817291},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.2836376130580902},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104114177","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79782","display_name":"Motion (physics)","level":2,"score":0.20595481991767883},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C141071460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q40821","display_name":"Surgery","level":1,"score":0.10838174819946289},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74650414","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11397","display_name":"Classical mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126838900","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q77604","display_name":"Radiology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2023.3340622","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2023.3340622","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/10347196.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:8a7816d985254d7fa499b9cf296cdac2","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/8a7816d985254d7fa499b9cf296cdac2","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 11, Pp 144377-144393 (2023)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2023.3340622","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2023.3340622","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/10347196.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4389459168.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4389459168.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":64,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1482694899","https://openalex.org/W1487817723","https://openalex.org/W1493697127","https://openalex.org/W1809259931","https://openalex.org/W1965998437","https://openalex.org/W1976953979","https://openalex.org/W1982343271","https://openalex.org/W1987354253","https://openalex.org/W1996117239","https://openalex.org/W1996154675","https://openalex.org/W1997508586","https://openalex.org/W2010717132","https://openalex.org/W2017335859","https://openalex.org/W2049223406","https://openalex.org/W2049981393","https://openalex.org/W2053146652","https://openalex.org/W2060385379","https://openalex.org/W2060615507","https://openalex.org/W2095087656","https://openalex.org/W2108499234","https://openalex.org/W2108870989","https://openalex.org/W2111651159","https://openalex.org/W2112287353","https://openalex.org/W2130611561","https://openalex.org/W2133059825","https://openalex.org/W2136640984","https://openalex.org/W2136704614","https://openalex.org/W2137504719","https://openalex.org/W2153210735","https://openalex.org/W2162541683","https://openalex.org/W2267032160","https://openalex.org/W2327037637","https://openalex.org/W2590030968","https://openalex.org/W2742753239","https://openalex.org/W2791584698","https://openalex.org/W2809253081","https://openalex.org/W2897944774","https://openalex.org/W2901945032","https://openalex.org/W2904427830","https://openalex.org/W2922779895","https://openalex.org/W2930076830","https://openalex.org/W2965366920","https://openalex.org/W3041625553","https://openalex.org/W3083997743","https://openalex.org/W3110162515","https://openalex.org/W3152160919","https://openalex.org/W3154625726","https://openalex.org/W3162115901","https://openalex.org/W3183645221","https://openalex.org/W3186331659","https://openalex.org/W3197469863","https://openalex.org/W3211224296","https://openalex.org/W3217499074","https://openalex.org/W4205810641","https://openalex.org/W4206556668","https://openalex.org/W4207074659","https://openalex.org/W4220816783","https://openalex.org/W4292554297","https://openalex.org/W4307570587","https://openalex.org/W4312959585","https://openalex.org/W4315781164","https://openalex.org/W4318169354","https://openalex.org/W4323022370","https://openalex.org/W6676240952"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2091614285","https://openalex.org/W4322774593","https://openalex.org/W2035948978","https://openalex.org/W1513894058","https://openalex.org/W2950647409","https://openalex.org/W3136290063","https://openalex.org/W4292072108","https://openalex.org/W2523829751","https://openalex.org/W2366529186","https://openalex.org/W2164165374"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Clinical":[0],"gait":[1,13,24,125,155,183,254],"analysis":[2,25,126,156,255],"is":[3],"a":[4,103,130,151,237,248],"diagnostic":[5],"tool":[6],"often":[7],"used":[8],"for":[9,54,166,197,201,206,219,252],"identifying":[10],"and":[11,36,58,90,115,135,141,174,178,181,204,230],"quantifying":[12],"alterations":[14],"in":[15,60,77,256],"cerebral":[16],"palsy":[17],"(CP)":[18],"patients.":[19],"To":[20,81],"date,":[21],"3D":[22,152],"clinical":[23,79,124,154,253],"protocols":[26,194,235],"based":[27,128,149],"on":[28,70,117,129,150],"motion":[29,95,108],"capture":[30],"systems":[31],"featuring":[32],"multiple":[33,67],"infrared":[34],"cameras":[35],"retroreflective":[37],"markers":[38,68],"to":[39,42,62,86,91,106],"be":[40],"attached":[41,69],"the":[43,48,52,63,71,78,83,88,138,172,192,198,202,207,220,227,231,244,270],"subject\u2019s":[44],"skin":[45],"are":[46],"considered":[47],"gold":[49],"standard.":[50],"However,":[51],"need":[53],"fully":[55],"dedicated":[56],"personnel":[57],"space":[59],"addition":[61],"inconvenient":[64],"requirement":[65],"of":[66,137,247],"patient\u2019s":[72],"body":[73],"limit":[74,92],"their":[75],"use":[76],"practice.":[80],"shorten":[82],"time":[84],"necessary":[85],"setup":[87],"patient":[89],"his/her":[93],"discomfort":[94],"tracking":[96],"performed":[97],"using":[98],"markerless":[99,123,249,262],"technologies":[100],"may":[101],"offer":[102],"promising":[104],"alternative":[105],"marker-based":[107,153],"capture.":[109],"This":[110],"study":[111,242],"aims":[112],"at":[113],"proposing":[114],"validating":[116],"18":[118],"CP":[119,257,266],"patients,":[120],"an":[121],"original":[122],"protocol":[127,251],"single":[131],"RGB-D":[132],"camera.":[133],"Accuracy":[134],"reliability":[136],"spatial-temporal":[139],"parameters":[140],"sagittal":[142],"lower":[143],"limb":[144],"joint":[145,222],"kinematics":[146,223],"were":[147,164,195,217],"assessed":[148],"protocol.":[157],"The":[158,186,210,259],"smallest":[159,211],"percent":[160],"mean":[161,213],"absolute":[162],"errors":[163],"obtained":[165],"stride":[167,175],"duration":[168],"(2%),":[169],"followed":[170,225],"by":[171,182,226],"step":[173],"length":[176],"(2.2%":[177],"2.5%,":[179],"respectively)":[180],"speed":[184],"(3.1%).":[185],"average":[187],"angular":[188],"offset":[189],"values":[190,216],"between":[191],"two":[193],"8\u00b0":[196],"ankle,":[199],"6\u00b0":[200],"knee":[203,221],"7\u00b0":[205],"hip":[208,228],"joint.":[209],"root":[212],"square":[214],"error":[215],"found":[218],"(3.2\u00b0),":[224],"(3.5\u00b0)":[229],"ankle":[232],"(4.5\u00b0).":[233],"Both":[234],"showed":[236],"good-to-excellent":[238],"reliability.":[239],"Thus,":[240],"this":[241],"demonstrated":[243],"technical":[245],"validity":[246],"single-camera":[250],"population.":[258],"dataset":[260],"containing":[261],"data":[263],"from":[264],"10":[265],"patients":[267],"along":[268],"with":[269],"MATLAB":[271],"codes":[272],"have":[273],"been":[274],"made":[275],"available.":[276]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":7}],"updated_date":"2026-06-04T09:04:59.091469","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}