{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4389332120","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2023.3340133","title":"RF Drone Detection System Based on a Distributed Sensor Grid With Remote Hardware-Accelerated Signal Processing","display_name":"RF Drone Detection System Based on a Distributed Sensor Grid With Remote Hardware-Accelerated Signal Processing","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4389332120","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2023.3340133"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2023.3340133","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2023.3340133","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/10345572.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/10345572.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5059072808","display_name":"Przemys\u0142aw Flak","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4786-9558"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I119004910","display_name":"Silesian University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/02dyjk442","country_code":"PL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I119004910"]}],"countries":["PL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Przemys\u0142aw Flak","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Automatic Control and Robotics, Faculty of Automatic Control, Electronics and Computer Science, Ph.D. School, Silesian University of Technology, Gliwice, Poland"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4786-9558","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Automatic Control and Robotics, Faculty of Automatic Control, Electronics and Computer Science, Ph.D. School, Silesian University of Technology, Gliwice, Poland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I119004910"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5078218333","display_name":"Roman Czyba","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8118-1082"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I119004910","display_name":"Silesian University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/02dyjk442","country_code":"PL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I119004910"]}],"countries":["PL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Roman Czyba","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Automatic Control and Robotics, Faculty of Automatic Control, Electronics and Computer Science, Silesian University of Technology, Gliwice, Poland"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8118-1082","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Automatic Control and Robotics, Faculty of Automatic Control, Electronics and Computer Science, Silesian University of Technology, Gliwice, Poland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I119004910"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I119004910"],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":2.5608,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":20,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.91497523,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"11","issue":null,"first_page":"138759","last_page":"138772"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12131","display_name":"Wireless Signal Modulation Classification","score":0.9991000294685364,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12131","display_name":"Wireless Signal Modulation Classification","score":0.9991000294685364,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10891","display_name":"Radar Systems and Signal Processing","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10326","display_name":"Indoor and Outdoor Localization Technologies","score":0.9983999729156494,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7859959602355957},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/drone","display_name":"Drone","score":0.7382078170776367},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/real-time-computing","display_name":"Real-time computing","score":0.5686726570129395},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/detector","display_name":"Detector","score":0.5421129465103149},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless-sensor-network","display_name":"Wireless sensor network","score":0.4415613114833832},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.37400153279304504},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedded-system","display_name":"Embedded system","score":0.3664989471435547},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.16745001077651978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.11770859360694885}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7859959602355957},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59519942","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q650665","display_name":"Drone","level":2,"score":0.7382078170776367},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.5686726570129395},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94915269","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1834857","display_name":"Detector","level":2,"score":0.5421129465103149},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24590314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q336038","display_name":"Wireless sensor network","level":2,"score":0.4415613114833832},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.37400153279304504},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.3664989471435547},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.16745001077651978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.11770859360694885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54355233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7162","display_name":"Genetics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2023.3340133","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2023.3340133","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/10345572.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:cb3513c049624117bf4a7074d060a01b","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/cb3513c049624117bf4a7074d060a01b","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 11, Pp 138759-138772 (2023)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2023.3340133","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2023.3340133","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/10345572.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","score":0.8100000023841858}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2413912053","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"DWD/4/21/2020-00375/003","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322733","funder_display_name":"Ministerstwo Edukacji i Nauki"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322733","display_name":"Ministerstwo Edukacji i Nauki","ror":"https://ror.org/05dwvd537"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4389332120.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4389332120.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":45,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2111460811","https://openalex.org/W2164741953","https://openalex.org/W2201708090","https://openalex.org/W2346349911","https://openalex.org/W2611447589","https://openalex.org/W2900946192","https://openalex.org/W2904220545","https://openalex.org/W2944086006","https://openalex.org/W2964138953","https://openalex.org/W2983460155","https://openalex.org/W2999467118","https://openalex.org/W3024044210","https://openalex.org/W3025996032","https://openalex.org/W3035060585","https://openalex.org/W3038364300","https://openalex.org/W3041916388","https://openalex.org/W3042788887","https://openalex.org/W3081836501","https://openalex.org/W3086852546","https://openalex.org/W3112272600","https://openalex.org/W3130981243","https://openalex.org/W3135494293","https://openalex.org/W3152974056","https://openalex.org/W3159850903","https://openalex.org/W3178177236","https://openalex.org/W3186636284","https://openalex.org/W3194567732","https://openalex.org/W3201736149","https://openalex.org/W3208133641","https://openalex.org/W3210727143","https://openalex.org/W4206481338","https://openalex.org/W4213083750","https://openalex.org/W4282575989","https://openalex.org/W4285289939","https://openalex.org/W4285552820","https://openalex.org/W4295083802","https://openalex.org/W4309691500","https://openalex.org/W4310009548","https://openalex.org/W4312687005","https://openalex.org/W4312970286","https://openalex.org/W4366692370","https://openalex.org/W4366829203","https://openalex.org/W4385209940","https://openalex.org/W4386919813","https://openalex.org/W6803376173"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4229448053","https://openalex.org/W2059768187","https://openalex.org/W4247925126","https://openalex.org/W4312858960","https://openalex.org/W4386036939","https://openalex.org/W4327774218","https://openalex.org/W3206445629","https://openalex.org/W2605096541","https://openalex.org/W3200286695","https://openalex.org/W4379143281"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Unmanned":[0],"Aerial":[1],"Vehicles":[2],"(UAVs),":[3],"sometimes":[4],"known":[5],"as":[6,233,240],"drones,":[7],"evolved":[8],"from":[9,130],"military":[10],"to":[11,125,216],"civilian":[12],"applications,":[13],"opening":[14],"up":[15,215],"novel":[16],"perspectives":[17],"in":[18,29,100,106,158,181,197,214],"a":[19,47,80,114,182,191,234,243],"variety":[20,48],"of":[21,42,49,102,109,193,242],"everyday":[22,38],"services.":[23],"The":[24,118,153,185],"rapidly":[25],"growing":[26],"consumer":[27],"interest":[28],"amateur":[30],"drones":[31],"equipped":[32],"with":[33],"high-end":[34],"cameras":[35],"compromises":[36],"the":[37,45,74,90,107,127,131,150,174,198,206,228],"safety":[39],"and":[40,87,98,166],"privacy":[41],"people.":[43],"In":[44],"literature,":[46],"sensing":[50,72,124],"techniques":[51],"based":[52,142],"on":[53,144],"different":[54],"physical":[55],"phenomena":[56],"have":[57],"been":[58],"proposed":[59,207],"for":[60,224],"drone":[61,81],"detection.":[62],"Among":[63],"acoustic,":[64],"optical,":[65],"or":[66,239],"radar":[67],"detection":[68,119],"systems,":[69],"passive":[70],"radiofrequency":[71],"is":[73,96,136,156,179],"only":[75],"one":[76],"that":[77],"can":[78,230],"identify":[79],"even":[82],"before":[83],"it":[84],"takes":[85],"off":[86],"additionally":[88],"indicate":[89],"operator\u2019s":[91],"location.":[92],"A":[93],"spectrogram-based":[94],"method":[95],"developed":[97],"optimised":[99],"terms":[101],"computing":[103],"location,":[104],"resulting":[105],"possibility":[108],"sensor":[110,176,245],"grid":[111],"deployment":[112],"over":[113],"standard":[115],"Ethernet":[116],"network.":[117],"phase":[120],"involves":[121],"hardware-accelerated":[122],"energy":[123,187],"extract":[126],"data":[128],"frames":[129],"background":[132],"noise.":[133],"Drone":[134],"presence":[135],"then":[137],"identified":[138],"using":[139],"machine":[140],"learning":[141],"solely":[143],"preamble":[145],"pattern":[146],"recognition,":[147],"which":[148],"reduces":[149],"computational":[151],"effort.":[152],"presented":[154],"procedure":[155],"evaluated":[157],"an":[159,163],"isolated":[160],"setting":[161],"employing":[162],"open-source":[164],"dataset":[165],"tuned":[167],"across":[168],"multiple":[169],"neural":[170,208],"network":[171,209],"architectures.":[172],"Next,":[173],"complete":[175],"processing":[177],"chain":[178],"examined":[180],"real-life":[183],"scenario.":[184],"analytical":[186],"detector":[188,238],"stage":[189],"reaches":[190],"margin":[192],"roughly":[194],"-8.7":[195],"dB":[196,218],"signal-to-noise":[199],"(SNR)":[200],"ratio.":[201],"With":[202],"1.1":[203],"M":[204],"parameters,":[205],"achieves":[210],"99.93%":[211],"simulation":[212],"accuracy":[213],"-9.5":[217],"SNR":[219],"range.":[220],"Even":[221],"after":[222],"quantization":[223],"embedded":[225],"platform":[226],"implementation,":[227],"device":[229],"be":[231],"used":[232],"stand-alone":[235],"early":[236],"intrusion":[237],"part":[241],"distributed":[244],"grid.":[246]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-08-12T21:12:35.861297","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}