{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4389161277","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2023.3338137","title":"Attention Mechanism-Based Bidirectional Long Short-Term Memory for Cycling Activity Recognition Using Smartphones","display_name":"Attention Mechanism-Based Bidirectional Long Short-Term Memory for Cycling Activity Recognition Using Smartphones","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4389161277","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2023.3338137"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2023.3338137","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2023.3338137","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/10335673.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"public-domain","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/public-domain","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/10335673.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5034454116","display_name":"Van Sy Nguyen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8411-7828"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I31419693","display_name":"Kyungpook National University","ror":"https://ror.org/040c17130","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I31419693"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Van Sy Nguyen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Convergence and Fusion System Engineering, Kyungpook National University, Sangju, South Korea"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8411-7828","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Convergence and Fusion System Engineering, Kyungpook National University, Sangju, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I31419693"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100326524","display_name":"Hyun-Seok Kim","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3767-0350"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I51226738","display_name":"Dong-A University","ror":"https://ror.org/03qvtpc38","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I51226738"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hyunseok Kim","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Engineering, Dong-A University, Busan, South Korea"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Engineering, Dong-A University, Busan, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I51226738"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5031210008","display_name":"Dongjun Suh","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7201-0521"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I31419693","display_name":"Kyungpook National University","ror":"https://ror.org/040c17130","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I31419693"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dongjun Suh","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Convergence and Fusion System Engineering, Kyungpook National University, Sangju, South Korea"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7201-0521","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Convergence and Fusion System Engineering, Kyungpook National University, Sangju, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I31419693"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":1.7964,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":16,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.87685833,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":98,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"11","issue":null,"first_page":"136206","last_page":"136218"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10444","display_name":"Context-Aware Activity Recognition Systems","score":0.9991000294685364,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10444","display_name":"Context-Aware Activity Recognition Systems","score":0.9991000294685364,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11980","display_name":"Human Mobility and Location-Based Analysis","score":0.9753000140190125,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3313","display_name":"Transportation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11446","display_name":"Mobile Health and mHealth Applications","score":0.9677000045776367,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3600","display_name":"General Health Professions"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/36","display_name":"Health Professions"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cycling","display_name":"Cycling","score":0.7561348080635071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7521374225616455},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wearable-computer","display_name":"Wearable computer","score":0.6447030305862427},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robustness","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","score":0.6404570937156677},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convolutional-neural-network","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","score":0.5420359969139099},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/long-short-term-memory","display_name":"Long short term memory","score":0.5095734596252441},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/real-time-computing","display_name":"Real-time computing","score":0.4702685475349426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.4662700295448303},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/recurrent-neural-network","display_name":"Recurrent neural network","score":0.4559086859226227},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.4273199439048767},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.39814293384552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedded-system","display_name":"Embedded system","score":0.2693138122558594}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C541528975","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q53121","display_name":"Cycling","level":2,"score":0.7561348080635071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7521374225616455},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C150594956","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1334829","display_name":"Wearable computer","level":2,"score":0.6447030305862427},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63479239","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7353546","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","level":3,"score":0.6404570937156677},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81363708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17084460","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","level":2,"score":0.5420359969139099},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C133488467","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6673524","display_name":"Long short term memory","level":4,"score":0.5095734596252441},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.4702685475349426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4662700295448303},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147168706","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1457734","display_name":"Recurrent neural network","level":3,"score":0.4559086859226227},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.4273199439048767},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.39814293384552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.2693138122558594},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95457728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q309","display_name":"History","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2023.3338137","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2023.3338137","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/10335673.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"public-domain","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/public-domain","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:688de33a5a7c4f6088986fbe41bd1e36","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/688de33a5a7c4f6088986fbe41bd1e36","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 11, Pp 136206-136218 (2023)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2023.3338137","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2023.3338137","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/10335673.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"public-domain","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/public-domain","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1483818733","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"NRF-2021R1A5A8033165","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320328359","funder_display_name":"Ministry of Science and ICT, South Korea"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1996763150","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"NRF-2021R1I1A3049503","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320311687","funder_display_name":"Ministry of Education"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2664749709","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"NRF-2021R1A5A8033165","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322120","funder_display_name":"National Research Foundation of Korea"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7990106212","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2021R1A5A8033165","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322120","funder_display_name":"National Research Foundation of Korea"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8022105047","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2021R1A5A8033165","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320328359","funder_display_name":"Ministry of Science and ICT, South Korea"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320311687","display_name":"Ministry of Education","ror":"https://ror.org/03m01yf64"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320671","display_name":"National Research Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/05s0g1g46"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322120","display_name":"National Research Foundation of Korea","ror":"https://ror.org/013aysd81"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320328359","display_name":"Ministry of Science and ICT, South Korea","ror":"https://ror.org/01wpjm123"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4389161277.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4389161277.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":63,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W180442559","https://openalex.org/W1976552421","https://openalex.org/W1980526801","https://openalex.org/W2017634428","https://openalex.org/W2026297770","https://openalex.org/W2058949550","https://openalex.org/W2064675550","https://openalex.org/W2065908225","https://openalex.org/W2094523840","https://openalex.org/W2270470215","https://openalex.org/W2397963423","https://openalex.org/W2404247879","https://openalex.org/W2523864706","https://openalex.org/W2592284297","https://openalex.org/W2624707965","https://openalex.org/W2748923651","https://openalex.org/W2759690896","https://openalex.org/W2769309614","https://openalex.org/W2789136377","https://openalex.org/W2791714509","https://openalex.org/W2803675191","https://openalex.org/W2807792648","https://openalex.org/W2901713071","https://openalex.org/W2913978280","https://openalex.org/W2916787147","https://openalex.org/W2948204427","https://openalex.org/W2949361563","https://openalex.org/W2962727981","https://openalex.org/W2973255917","https://openalex.org/W3011785450","https://openalex.org/W3016414478","https://openalex.org/W3030949666","https://openalex.org/W3037349563","https://openalex.org/W3082845666","https://openalex.org/W3102326534","https://openalex.org/W3103757520","https://openalex.org/W3130243164","https://openalex.org/W3133590696","https://openalex.org/W3139914785","https://openalex.org/W3160002594","https://openalex.org/W3161132553","https://openalex.org/W3173400793","https://openalex.org/W3190389015","https://openalex.org/W3193597430","https://openalex.org/W3207497010","https://openalex.org/W3215401158","https://openalex.org/W4200317051","https://openalex.org/W4220894661","https://openalex.org/W4226059153","https://openalex.org/W4280587517","https://openalex.org/W4281611776","https://openalex.org/W4285180754","https://openalex.org/W4285257736","https://openalex.org/W4285744644","https://openalex.org/W4289172806","https://openalex.org/W4293182797","https://openalex.org/W4295079697","https://openalex.org/W4318587306","https://openalex.org/W4366582557","https://openalex.org/W6605479355","https://openalex.org/W6739901393","https://openalex.org/W6775247232","https://openalex.org/W6792427878"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4385280324","https://openalex.org/W2912153778","https://openalex.org/W4387163678","https://openalex.org/W4288108708","https://openalex.org/W2973430807","https://openalex.org/W2984436043","https://openalex.org/W4390245176","https://openalex.org/W2912831041","https://openalex.org/W2890685186","https://openalex.org/W2904359912"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Bicycles":[0],"are":[1,36],"an":[2],"ecofriendly":[3],"mode":[4],"of":[5,60,114,175,207,231],"transportation,":[6],"and":[7,11,28,106,165,188,192,203,224,236],"cycling":[8,35,49,110],"offers":[9],"physical":[10],"mental":[12],"well-being.":[13],"However,":[14],"their":[15,104],"increased":[16],"use":[17],"has":[18],"resulted":[19],"in":[20,112,141],"frequent":[21],"bicycle\u2013human":[22],"accidents,":[23],"car-to-bicycle":[24],"collisions,":[25],"related":[26],"injuries":[27],"cyclist":[29],"crashes.":[30],"Moreover,":[31],"rules":[32],"for":[33,94],"safe":[34,122],"limited.":[37],"Smart":[38],"healthcare":[39],"systems":[40],"using":[41,98,157,212],"smartphones":[42],"and/or":[43],"wearable":[44],"devices,":[45],"such":[46,70,183,196,215],"as":[47,184,197,216],"a":[48,76,99,108,125,138],"monitoring":[50],"application":[51],"that":[52],"can":[53,63],"inform":[54],"fellow":[55],"cyclists":[56],"about":[57],"the":[58,61,120,131,142,154,172,176,208],"state":[59],"user,":[62],"be":[64],"developed":[65],"to":[66,180],"provide":[67],"assistance":[68],"during":[69,134],"unexpected":[71],"events.":[72],"In":[73,118],"this":[74],"study,":[75],"one-dimensional":[77],"convolutional":[78],"neural":[79,190],"network":[80],"(1DCNN)\u2013bidirectional":[81],"long":[82,199],"short-term":[83,200],"memory":[84,201],"(BiLSTM)":[85],"based":[86],"on":[87,130,153],"attention":[88],"mechanism":[89],"(CBiAM)":[90],"model":[91,150,178,209],"is":[92,145],"proposed":[93,148,177],"detecting":[95],"cyclists\u2019":[96,132,143],"states":[97],"mobile":[100],"phone,":[101],"thereby":[102],"enhancing":[103],"safety":[105],"promoting":[107],"secure":[109],"experience":[111],"case":[113],"accidents":[115],"or":[116],"emergencies.":[117],"addition,":[119],"\u201ccycling":[121],"(CySa)":[123],"dataset,\u201d":[124],"new":[126],"dataset":[127,156],"containing":[128],"data":[129],"actions":[133],"cycling,":[135],"collected":[136],"from":[137],"smartphone":[139],"positioned":[140],"pocket":[144],"presented.":[146],"The":[147,205],"CBiAM":[149],"was":[151,210],"trained":[152],"CySa":[155],"different":[158],"sliding":[159],"window":[160],"sizes,":[161],"batch":[162],"sizes":[163],"(Bz),":[164],"learning":[166],"rates":[167],"(Lr).":[168],"Experimental":[169],"results":[170],"confirmed":[171],"superior":[173],"performance":[174],"compared":[179],"conventional":[181],"approaches,":[182],"support":[185],"vector":[186],"machines":[187],"artificial":[189],"networks,":[191],"existing":[193],"advanced":[194],"architectures,":[195],"1DCNN,":[198],"(LSTM),":[202],"Bi-LSTM.":[204],"robustness":[206],"validated":[211],"public":[213],"datasets,":[214],"UCI-human":[217],"activity":[218],"recognition":[219],"(HAR),":[220],"PAMAP2,":[221],"Opportunity,":[222],"MOTIONSENSE,":[223],"WISDM,":[225],"where":[226],"it":[227],"achieved":[228],"impressive":[229],"F1-scores":[230],"97.51%,":[232],"99.82%,":[233],"94.72%,":[234],"97.67%,":[235],"87.05%,":[237],"respectively.":[238]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}