{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4389104940","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2023.3337378","title":"One Versus All Binary Tree Method to Classify Misbehaviors in Imbalanced VeReMi Dataset","display_name":"One Versus All Binary Tree Method to Classify Misbehaviors in Imbalanced VeReMi Dataset","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4389104940","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2023.3337378"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2023.3337378","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2023.3337378","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/10330904.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/10330904.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5039924135","display_name":"Omessaad Slama","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9497-4804"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I68916915","display_name":"University of Gab\u00e8s","ror":"https://ror.org/022efad20","country_code":"TN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I68916915"]}],"countries":["TN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Omessaad Slama","raw_affiliation_strings":["Hatem Bettaher Laboratory, IResCoMath, University of Gabes, Gabes, Tunisia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9497-4804","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hatem Bettaher Laboratory, IResCoMath, University of Gabes, Gabes, Tunisia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I68916915"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5050030360","display_name":"Mounira Tarhouni","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I68916915","display_name":"University of Gab\u00e8s","ror":"https://ror.org/022efad20","country_code":"TN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I68916915"]}],"countries":["TN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mounira Tarhouni","raw_affiliation_strings":["Hatem Bettaher Laboratory, IResCoMath, University of Gabes, Gabes, Tunisia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hatem Bettaher Laboratory, IResCoMath, University of Gabes, Gabes, Tunisia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I68916915"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5036078102","display_name":"Salah Zidi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4330-6072"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I68916915","display_name":"University of Gab\u00e8s","ror":"https://ror.org/022efad20","country_code":"TN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I68916915"]}],"countries":["TN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Salah Zidi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Hatem Bettaher Laboratory, IResCoMath, University of Gabes, Gabes, Tunisia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4330-6072","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hatem Bettaher Laboratory, IResCoMath, University of Gabes, Gabes, Tunisia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I68916915"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5062097557","display_name":"Bechir Alaya","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6714-8099"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I156216236","display_name":"Qassim University","ror":"https://ror.org/01wsfe280","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I156216236"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I68916915","display_name":"University of Gab\u00e8s","ror":"https://ror.org/022efad20","country_code":"TN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I68916915"]}],"countries":["SA","TN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bechir Alaya","raw_affiliation_strings":["Hatem Bettaher Laboratory, IResCoMath, University of Gabes, Gabes, Tunisia","Department of Management Information Systems and Production Management, College of Business and Economics, Qassim University, Saudi Arabia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6714-8099","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hatem Bettaher Laboratory, IResCoMath, University of Gabes, Gabes, Tunisia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I68916915"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Management Information Systems and Production Management, College of Business and Economics, Qassim University, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I156216236"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5039924135"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I68916915"],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":0.8851,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":7,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.74390189,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"11","issue":null,"first_page":"135944","last_page":"135958"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10761","display_name":"Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks (VANETs)","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10761","display_name":"Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks (VANETs)","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10400","display_name":"Network Security and Intrusion Detection","score":0.9991000294685364,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11512","display_name":"Anomaly Detection Techniques and Applications","score":0.9983999729156494,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7980280518531799},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/classifier","display_name":"Classifier (UML)","score":0.6926991939544678},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/binary-tree","display_name":"Binary tree","score":0.6372190713882446},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5420902371406555},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/binary-number","display_name":"Binary number","score":0.532896876335144},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.527839183807373},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/binary-classification","display_name":"Binary classification","score":0.5240845084190369},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.48450180888175964},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tree","display_name":"Tree (set theory)","score":0.46459436416625977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ensemble-learning","display_name":"Ensemble learning","score":0.45973527431488037},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/support-vector-machine","display_name":"Support vector machine","score":0.15278595685958862},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.08946734666824341},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.0814848244190216}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7980280518531799},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95623464","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1096149","display_name":"Classifier (UML)","level":2,"score":0.6926991939544678},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C197855036","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q380172","display_name":"Binary tree","level":2,"score":0.6372190713882446},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5420902371406555},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48372109","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3913","display_name":"Binary number","level":2,"score":0.532896876335144},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.527839183807373},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66905080","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17005494","display_name":"Binary classification","level":3,"score":0.5240845084190369},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.48450180888175964},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113174947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2859736","display_name":"Tree (set theory)","level":2,"score":0.46459436416625977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45942800","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q245652","display_name":"Ensemble learning","level":2,"score":0.45973527431488037},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12267149","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q282453","display_name":"Support vector machine","level":2,"score":0.15278595685958862},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.08946734666824341},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0814848244190216},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94375191","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11205","display_name":"Arithmetic","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2023.3337378","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2023.3337378","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/10330904.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:HAL:hal-05481804v1","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://hal.science/hal-05481804","pdf_url":"https://hal.science/hal-05481804/document","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402512","display_name":"HAL (Le Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1294671590","host_organization_name":"Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, 2023, 11, pp.135944-135958. ⟨10.1109/ACCESS.2023.3337378⟩","raw_type":"Journal articles"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:9e9c73bc427a4099a55ce0f4183b0a5a","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/9e9c73bc427a4099a55ce0f4183b0a5a","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 11, Pp 135944-135958 (2023)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2023.3337378","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2023.3337378","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/10330904.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320324403","display_name":"Qassim University","ror":"https://ror.org/01wsfe280"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4389104940.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4389104940.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":45,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1588401315","https://openalex.org/W1923594657","https://openalex.org/W1970696760","https://openalex.org/W2011497607","https://openalex.org/W2014610539","https://openalex.org/W2071124013","https://openalex.org/W2073328527","https://openalex.org/W2085579219","https://openalex.org/W2090321073","https://openalex.org/W2090480664","https://openalex.org/W2099940443","https://openalex.org/W2109094293","https://openalex.org/W2125055259","https://openalex.org/W2136132422","https://openalex.org/W2146194630","https://openalex.org/W2149298154","https://openalex.org/W2150088099","https://openalex.org/W2167139585","https://openalex.org/W2296509296","https://openalex.org/W2487087946","https://openalex.org/W2539998920","https://openalex.org/W2584571971","https://openalex.org/W2775131354","https://openalex.org/W2796838491","https://openalex.org/W2810765031","https://openalex.org/W2946045677","https://openalex.org/W3014813097","https://openalex.org/W3126752450","https://openalex.org/W3153211898","https://openalex.org/W3168783669","https://openalex.org/W3174153016","https://openalex.org/W3200727731","https://openalex.org/W3206599325","https://openalex.org/W3216763221","https://openalex.org/W4206472250","https://openalex.org/W4283726233","https://openalex.org/W4312594248","https://openalex.org/W4313346025","https://openalex.org/W4353062729","https://openalex.org/W4376608326","https://openalex.org/W4396715186","https://openalex.org/W6635310694","https://openalex.org/W6680007464","https://openalex.org/W6742553202","https://openalex.org/W6866834283"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1807784185","https://openalex.org/W3158472548","https://openalex.org/W2046798493","https://openalex.org/W4382934300","https://openalex.org/W2121061354","https://openalex.org/W4285388059","https://openalex.org/W1997162386","https://openalex.org/W2999368888","https://openalex.org/W2104406636","https://openalex.org/W2132937675"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Nowadays,":[0],"transportation":[1],"networks":[2,13],"depend":[3],"heavily":[4],"on":[5,43,150],"the":[6,120,125,138,146,151],"technology":[7],"known":[8],"as":[9],"vehicular":[10],"ad":[11],"hoc":[12],"(VANETs).":[14],"VANETs":[15,51],"enhance":[16],"traffic":[17],"control":[18],"and":[19,47,65,90,112,136],"road":[20],"safety":[21,29],"while":[22,52],"also":[23],"enabling":[24],"vehicle-to-vehicle":[25],"communication":[26],"using":[27,103],"basic":[28],"messages":[30],"(BSM),":[31],"which":[32],"are":[33],"susceptible":[34],"to":[35,59,130],"different":[36],"kinds":[37],"of":[38,63,88,98,110,122],"attacks.":[39],"This":[40,80],"study":[41],"focuses":[42],"techniques":[44],"for":[45,85,95],"detecting":[46],"classifying":[48],"misbehavior":[49,89],"in":[50],"dealing":[53],"with":[54,106],"unbalanced":[55],"data.":[56],"In":[57],"order":[58],"ensure":[60],"equal":[61],"treatment":[62],"minority":[64],"majority":[66],"categories,":[67],"we":[68],"provide":[69],"a":[70,131],"novel":[71],"method":[72],"called":[73],"One":[74],"vs.":[75],"All":[76],"Binary":[77],"Tree":[78],"(OVA-BT).":[79],"approach":[81],"separates":[82],"binary":[83],"classifiers":[84],"each":[86,96],"kind":[87,97],"provides":[91],"specific":[92],"assessment":[93],"metrics":[94],"misbehavior.We":[99],"evaluate":[100],"our":[101],"experiment":[102],"five-fold":[104],"cross-validation":[105],"six":[107],"individual":[108,148],"models":[109],"ML":[111],"an":[113],"ensemble":[114],"classifier.":[115],"The":[116],"findings":[117],"demonstrated":[118],"that":[119,137],"use":[121],"OVA-BT":[123],"enhances":[124],"classification":[126,141],"accuracy":[127],"when":[128],"compared":[129],"traditional":[132],"single":[133],"multi-class":[134],"model":[135,149],"classifier":[139],"ensemble\u2019s":[140],"performance":[142],"is":[143],"greater":[144],"than":[145],"best":[147],"testing":[152],"set.":[153]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-05-07T13:39:58.223016","created_date":"2023-11-29T00:00:00"}