{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4389076618","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2023.3337363","title":"Brain Tumor Detection Using 3D-UNet Segmentation Features and Hybrid Machine Learning Model","display_name":"Brain Tumor Detection Using 3D-UNet Segmentation Features and Hybrid Machine Learning Model","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4389076618","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2023.3337363"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2023.3337363","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2023.3337363","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/10332149.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/10332149.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5015796556","display_name":"Bhargav Mallampati","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-9058-9518"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I123534392","display_name":"University of North Texas","ror":"https://ror.org/00v97ad02","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I123534392"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bhargav Mallampati","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Engineering, University of North Texas, Denton, TX, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-9058-9518","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Engineering, University of North Texas, Denton, TX, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I123534392"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5083313870","display_name":"Abid Ishaq","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9557-8889"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I174731842","display_name":"Islamia University of Bahawalpur","ror":"https://ror.org/002rc4w13","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I174731842"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Abid Ishaq","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Information Technology, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Punjab, Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Information Technology, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Punjab, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I174731842"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5058941449","display_name":"Furqan Rustam","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8403-1047"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I100930933","display_name":"University College Dublin","ror":"https://ror.org/05m7pjf47","country_code":"IE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I100930933"]}],"countries":["IE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Furqan Rustam","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8403-1047","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I100930933"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5093357730","display_name":"Venu Kuthala","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Venu Kuthala","raw_affiliation_strings":["Master Card Technologies LLC, Blvd, O’Fallon, MO, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Master Card Technologies LLC, Blvd, O’Fallon, MO, USA","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068803942","display_name":"Sultan Alfarhood","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-1268-9613"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I28022161","display_name":"King Saud University","ror":"https://ror.org/02f81g417","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I28022161"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sultan Alfarhood","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, College of Computer and Information Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia","Department of Computer Science, College of Computer and Information Sciences, King Saud University P.O.Box 51178, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-1268-9613","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, College of Computer and Information Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I28022161"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, College of Computer and Information Sciences, King Saud University P.O.Box 51178, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I28022161"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5074629800","display_name":"Imran Ashraf","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8271-6496"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I55240360","display_name":"Yeungnam University","ror":"https://ror.org/05yc6p159","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I55240360"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Imran Ashraf","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Information and Communication Engineering, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan-si, South Korea"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8271-6496","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Information and Communication Engineering, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan-si, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I55240360"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":5,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":6.1442,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":54,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.97122485,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"11","issue":null,"first_page":"135020","last_page":"135034"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12702","display_name":"Brain Tumor Detection and Classification","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2808","display_name":"Neurology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12702","display_name":"Brain Tumor Detection and Classification","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2808","display_name":"Neurology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10036","display_name":"Advanced Neural Network Applications","score":0.9983999729156494,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12676","display_name":"Machine Learning and ELM","score":0.9976999759674072,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7845457792282104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/segmentation","display_name":"Segmentation","score":0.7507646083831787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.7219609022140503},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/boosting","display_name":"Boosting (machine learning)","score":0.5979291200637817},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.5594585537910461},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/classifier","display_name":"Classifier (UML)","score":0.4398467540740967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image-segmentation","display_name":"Image segmentation","score":0.4248631000518799},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.41519176959991455}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7845457792282104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89600930","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423946","display_name":"Segmentation","level":2,"score":0.7507646083831787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.7219609022140503},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46686674","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466303","display_name":"Boosting (machine learning)","level":2,"score":0.5979291200637817},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.5594585537910461},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95623464","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1096149","display_name":"Classifier (UML)","level":2,"score":0.4398467540740967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124504099","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q56933","display_name":"Image segmentation","level":3,"score":0.4248631000518799},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.41519176959991455}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2023.3337363","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2023.3337363","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/10332149.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:0325f91f33b6455db0887b94d49b3fa1","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/0325f91f33b6455db0887b94d49b3fa1","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 11, Pp 135020-135034 (2023)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2023.3337363","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2023.3337363","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/10332149.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8861094403","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"RSPD2023R1027","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321145","funder_display_name":"King Saud University"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321145","display_name":"King Saud University","ror":"https://ror.org/02f81g417"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4389076618.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4389076618.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":48,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W3822628","https://openalex.org/W1798629916","https://openalex.org/W1969604869","https://openalex.org/W2019068225","https://openalex.org/W2052684427","https://openalex.org/W2095868657","https://openalex.org/W2114391357","https://openalex.org/W2137762696","https://openalex.org/W2141059777","https://openalex.org/W2161289668","https://openalex.org/W2194775991","https://openalex.org/W2301358467","https://openalex.org/W2346352626","https://openalex.org/W2371638596","https://openalex.org/W2441649867","https://openalex.org/W2608641923","https://openalex.org/W2766585573","https://openalex.org/W2778455075","https://openalex.org/W2883755130","https://openalex.org/W2963046541","https://openalex.org/W2975244163","https://openalex.org/W2987201163","https://openalex.org/W2992991004","https://openalex.org/W3081125651","https://openalex.org/W3105609465","https://openalex.org/W3127167602","https://openalex.org/W3128646645","https://openalex.org/W3139951639","https://openalex.org/W3141227816","https://openalex.org/W3199808110","https://openalex.org/W3202553706","https://openalex.org/W4210648800","https://openalex.org/W4211220688","https://openalex.org/W4214916274","https://openalex.org/W4250024550","https://openalex.org/W4282973354","https://openalex.org/W4284971413","https://openalex.org/W4285275086","https://openalex.org/W4292430200","https://openalex.org/W4301003819","https://openalex.org/W4308419400","https://openalex.org/W4318761526","https://openalex.org/W4319216049","https://openalex.org/W4321062231","https://openalex.org/W4324365866","https://openalex.org/W4376607216","https://openalex.org/W6623737539","https://openalex.org/W6809899706"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2125652721","https://openalex.org/W1540371141","https://openalex.org/W1549363203","https://openalex.org/W4231274751","https://openalex.org/W2154063878","https://openalex.org/W2556012038","https://openalex.org/W1489772951","https://openalex.org/W3082059448","https://openalex.org/W4313640622","https://openalex.org/W1522196789"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Machine":[0],"learning":[1,109],"has":[2],"significantly":[3,152],"improved":[4],"disease":[5],"diagnosis,":[6],"enhancing":[7],"the":[8,13,59,104,158],"efficiency":[9],"and":[10,32,64,87,114,142],"accuracy":[11,175],"of":[12,106,176],"healthcare":[14],"system.":[15],"One":[16],"critical":[17],"area":[18],"where":[19,30,129,145],"it":[20,166],"proves":[21],"beneficial":[22],"is":[23],"diagnosing":[24],"brain":[25,48],"tumors,":[26],"a":[27,43,99,161,173],"life-threatening":[28],"disease,":[29],"early":[31],"accurate":[33],"predictions":[34],"can":[35],"save":[36],"lives.":[37],"This":[38],"study":[39],"focuses":[40],"on":[41,167],"deploying":[42],"machine":[44,108],"learning-based":[45],"approach":[46],"for":[47,134],"tumor":[49],"detection,":[50],"utilizing":[51],"Magnetic":[52],"Resonance":[53],"Imaging":[54],"(MRI)":[55],"features.":[56,187],"We":[57,123],"train":[58],"proposed":[60],"model":[61,101,159],"using":[62,119],"3D-UNet":[63,168,185],"2D-UNet":[65,155],"segmentation":[66,156,169,186],"features":[67],"extracted":[68],"from":[69],"MRI,":[70],"encompassing":[71],"shape,":[72],"statistics,":[73],"gray":[74,79,83,88],"level":[75,80,84,89],"size":[76],"zone":[77],"matrix,":[78,82,86],"dependence":[81],"co-occurrence":[85],"run":[90],"length":[91],"matrix":[92],"values.":[93],"To":[94],"improve":[95],"performance,":[96,141],"we":[97,171],"propose":[98],"hybrid":[100],"that":[102,183],"combines":[103],"strengths":[105],"two":[107],"models,":[110],"K-nearest":[111],"neighbor":[112],"(KNN)":[113],"gradient":[115],"boosting":[116],"classifier":[117],"(GBC),":[118],"soft":[120],"voting":[121],"criteria.":[122],"combine":[124],"them":[125],"because,":[126],"in":[127],"cases":[128],"KNN":[130,150],"exhibits":[131],"poor":[132,148],"performance":[133],"certain":[135],"data":[136],"points,":[137],"GBC":[138,146],"demonstrates":[139],"significant":[140,174],"vice":[143],"versa,":[144],"shows":[147],"results,":[149],"performs":[151],"better.":[153],"With":[154],"features,":[157,170],"achieves":[160],"64%":[162],"accuracy.":[163],"By":[164],"training":[165],"achieve":[172],"71%":[177],"which":[178],"surpasses":[179],"existing":[180],"state-of-the-art":[181],"models":[182],"utilize":[184]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":28},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":16},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-06-13T07:54:00.901334","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}