{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4388544008","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2023.3331955","title":"Optimization of the Black-Box Arc Models for DC Current Limiting Circuit Breakers Using Levenberg-Marquardt Algorithm","display_name":"Optimization of the Black-Box Arc Models for DC Current Limiting Circuit Breakers Using Levenberg-Marquardt Algorithm","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4388544008","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2023.3331955"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2023.3331955","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2023.3331955","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/10314492.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/10314492.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5065002899","display_name":"Kyu\u2010Hoon Park","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4575257","display_name":"Hanyang University","ror":"https://ror.org/046865y68","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4575257"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kyu-Hoon Park","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, HVDC Electric Power Laboratory, Hanyang University ERICA Campus, Ansan, South Korea"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7740-8560","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, HVDC Electric Power Laboratory, Hanyang University ERICA Campus, Ansan, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4575257"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100722593","display_name":"Muhammad Usman","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9052-4315"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4575257","display_name":"Hanyang University","ror":"https://ror.org/046865y68","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4575257"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Muhammad Usman","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, HVDC Electric Power Laboratory, Hanyang University ERICA Campus, Ansan, South Korea"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9052-4315","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, HVDC Electric Power Laboratory, Hanyang University ERICA Campus, Ansan, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4575257"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5066461918","display_name":"Bang-Wook Lee","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9975-8812"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4575257","display_name":"Hanyang University","ror":"https://ror.org/046865y68","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4575257"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bang-Wook Lee","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, HVDC Electric Power Laboratory, Hanyang University ERICA Campus, Ansan, South Korea"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9975-8812","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, HVDC Electric Power Laboratory, Hanyang University ERICA Campus, Ansan, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4575257"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4575257"],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":1.232,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":7,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.78701175,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"11","issue":null,"first_page":"127334","last_page":"127347"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12077","display_name":"Vacuum and Plasma Arcs","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3107","display_name":"Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12077","display_name":"Vacuum and Plasma Arcs","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3107","display_name":"Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12737","display_name":"Electrical Fault Detection and Protection","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11102","display_name":"HVDC Systems and Fault Protection","score":0.9937000274658203,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/levenberg\u2013marquardt-algorithm","display_name":"Levenberg\u2013Marquardt algorithm","score":0.8688187599182129},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/circuit-breaker","display_name":"Circuit breaker","score":0.7391030788421631},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/limiting","display_name":"Limiting","score":0.5298216938972473},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/black-box","display_name":"Black box","score":0.5199007391929626},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.4928886890411377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.49229514598846436},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/current-limiting","display_name":"Current limiting","score":0.4731484651565552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ampere","display_name":"Ampere","score":0.4707396924495697},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/current","display_name":"Current (fluid)","score":0.3682255446910858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.3319692015647888},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.21213114261627197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.1424332857131958},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mechanical-engineering","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","score":0.11801749467849731}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87578567","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1426494","display_name":"Levenberg\u2013Marquardt algorithm","level":3,"score":0.8688187599182129},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C61352017","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q211058","display_name":"Circuit breaker","level":2,"score":0.7391030788421631},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188198153","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1613840","display_name":"Limiting","level":2,"score":0.5298216938972473},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94966114","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q29256","display_name":"Black box","level":2,"score":0.5199007391929626},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4928886890411377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.49229514598846436},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204106720","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q15856134","display_name":"Current limiting","level":3,"score":0.4731484651565552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4941483","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25272","display_name":"Ampere","level":3,"score":0.4707396924495697},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148043351","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4456944","display_name":"Current (fluid)","level":2,"score":0.3682255446910858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.3319692015647888},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.21213114261627197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.1424332857131958},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78519656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101333","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","level":1,"score":0.11801749467849731},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2023.3331955","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2023.3331955","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/10314492.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:bd3da74c19454b6ba808f974ed1968c6","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/bd3da74c19454b6ba808f974ed1968c6","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 11, Pp 127334-127347 (2023)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2023.3331955","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2023.3331955","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/10314492.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1514055819","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"20224000000160","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335199","funder_display_name":"Korea Institute of Energy Technology Evaluation and Planning"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1951536664","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"202200000003238","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335199","funder_display_name":"Korea Institute of Energy Technology Evaluation and Planning"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321681","display_name":"Ministry of Trade, Industry and Energy","ror":"https://ror.org/008nkqk13"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335199","display_name":"Korea Institute of Energy Technology Evaluation and Planning","ror":"https://ror.org/02zq38y32"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4388544008.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4388544008.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":33,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1987748520","https://openalex.org/W1993589255","https://openalex.org/W2012518206","https://openalex.org/W2019626148","https://openalex.org/W2027747862","https://openalex.org/W2033078230","https://openalex.org/W2033652208","https://openalex.org/W2077615477","https://openalex.org/W2087070363","https://openalex.org/W2092554678","https://openalex.org/W2103947873","https://openalex.org/W2127767104","https://openalex.org/W2148079515","https://openalex.org/W2153594813","https://openalex.org/W2165829331","https://openalex.org/W2170450401","https://openalex.org/W2171074980","https://openalex.org/W2311599690","https://openalex.org/W2315794261","https://openalex.org/W2327899237","https://openalex.org/W2546225678","https://openalex.org/W2571292791","https://openalex.org/W2740190226","https://openalex.org/W2766688738","https://openalex.org/W2773018637","https://openalex.org/W2789878874","https://openalex.org/W3005848957","https://openalex.org/W3138534315","https://openalex.org/W3161887121","https://openalex.org/W3208965032","https://openalex.org/W4206088210","https://openalex.org/W4220723521","https://openalex.org/W6792507087"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1978671516","https://openalex.org/W2895947699","https://openalex.org/W2374738832","https://openalex.org/W3196668723","https://openalex.org/W2794551249","https://openalex.org/W2539062777","https://openalex.org/W2186957643","https://openalex.org/W4313289174","https://openalex.org/W2074154109","https://openalex.org/W1997917762"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,159],"black-box":[1,84,160],"arc":[2,79,85,148,161,168],"model":[3,80,86,162,192,216],"is":[4,70,175,193],"a":[5,33,74,132,220],"tool":[6],"that":[7,200],"facilitates":[8],"efficient":[9,185],"research":[10],"based":[11],"on":[12,26,134],"empirical":[13],"studies":[14,87],"in":[15,39,64,119,204],"breaker":[16,97],"design":[17,28,41,66,206],"and":[18,76,113,137,166,170,195,212],"analysis.":[19],"However,":[20],"its":[21,37,105],"application":[22],"has":[23,100],"primarily":[24],"focused":[25],"the":[27,40,65,120,126,135,141,153,171,179,190,196,205,210,215,224,229],"of":[29,36,42,181,198,214,228],"ACCBs,":[30],"with":[31,54,223],"only":[32],"few":[34],"instances":[35],"implementation":[38],"low-voltage":[43],"(LV)":[44],"DC":[45,78,93,142,231],"circuit":[46,96],"breakers":[47],"(DCCBs)":[48],"using":[49],"mechanical":[50],"methods.":[51],"In":[52],"DCCBs":[53],"non-zero":[55],"crossing":[56],"characteristics,":[57],"several":[58],"factors":[59,118,199],"need":[60],"to":[61,72,81,88,125,152,177],"be":[62,202],"considered":[63,203],"process.":[67],"Therefore,":[68],"it":[69],"crucial":[71],"have":[73],"reliable":[75,112],"accurate":[77,114],"effectively":[82],"apply":[83],"actual":[89,230],"DCCB":[90],"designs.":[91],"Especially,":[92],"Current":[94],"limiting":[95],"(CLCB),":[98],"which":[99,144],"fast":[101],"operation":[102],"characteristics":[103,150,197],"through":[104,219],"own":[106],"over":[107],"current":[108],"relays":[109],"(OCR),":[110],"requires":[111],"modeling":[115,138],"because":[116],"minor":[117],"topology":[121],"can":[122],"contribute":[123],"significantly":[124],"interrupting":[127],"performance.":[128],"This":[129],"paper":[130],"presents":[131],"study":[133,222],"characterization":[136],"approach":[139],"for":[140,189],"CLCB,":[143],"exhibits":[145],"somewhat":[146],"different":[147],"voltage":[149],"compared":[151],"general":[154],"Air":[155],"Circuit":[156],"Breaker":[157],"(ACB).":[158],"incorporates":[163],"existing":[164],"schwarz":[165],"kema":[167],"models,":[169],"Levenberg-Marquardt":[172],"Algorithm":[173],"(LMA)":[174],"employed":[176],"optimize":[178],"parameters":[180],"each":[182],"model.":[183],"An":[184],"parameter":[186],"optimization":[187],"method":[188],"CLCB":[191],"proposed,":[194],"should":[201],"are":[207,217],"identified.":[208],"Consequently,":[209],"applicability":[211],"reliability":[213],"verified":[218],"comparative":[221],"short-circuit":[225],"test":[226],"results":[227],"CLCB.":[232]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
