{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4388544034","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2023.3331818","title":"Design and Implement Low-Cost Industry 4.0 System Using Hybrid Six Sigma Methodology for CNC Manufacturing Process","display_name":"Design and Implement Low-Cost Industry 4.0 System Using Hybrid Six Sigma Methodology for CNC Manufacturing Process","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4388544034","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2023.3331818"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2023.3331818","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2023.3331818","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/10314511.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/10314511.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5042141088","display_name":"Minh Ly Duc","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0200-7153"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I142208455","display_name":"VSB - Technical University of Ostrava","ror":"https://ror.org/05x8mcb75","country_code":"CZ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I142208455"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210123993","display_name":"Van Lang University","ror":"https://ror.org/02ryrf141","country_code":"VN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210123993"]}],"countries":["CZ","VN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Minh Ly Duc","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Commerce, Van Lang University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam","Department of Cybernetics and Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, VSB-Technical University of Ostrava, 17. Listopadu2172/15, 708 00 Ostrava, Czech Republic"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0200-7153","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Commerce, Van Lang University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210123993"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Cybernetics and Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, VSB-Technical University of Ostrava, 17. Listopadu2172/15, 708 00 Ostrava, Czech Republic","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142208455"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5092349333","display_name":"Lukas Hlavaty","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2456-2361"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I142208455","display_name":"VSB - Technical University of Ostrava","ror":"https://ror.org/05x8mcb75","country_code":"CZ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I142208455"]}],"countries":["CZ"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lukas Hlavaty","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Cybernetics and Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, VSB–Technical University of Ostrava, Ostrava, Czech Republic","Department of Cybernetics and Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, VSB-Technical University of Ostrava, 17. Listopadu2172/15, 708 00 Ostrava, Czech Republic"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2456-2361","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Cybernetics and Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, VSB–Technical University of Ostrava, Ostrava, Czech Republic","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142208455"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Cybernetics and Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, VSB-Technical University of Ostrava, 17. Listopadu2172/15, 708 00 Ostrava, Czech Republic","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142208455"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5015416684","display_name":"Petr Bil\u00edk","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8655-778X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I142208455","display_name":"VSB - Technical University of Ostrava","ror":"https://ror.org/05x8mcb75","country_code":"CZ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I142208455"]}],"countries":["CZ"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Petr Bilik","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Cybernetics and Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, VSB–Technical University of Ostrava, Ostrava, Czech Republic","Department of Cybernetics and Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, VSB-Technical University of Ostrava, 17. Listopadu2172/15, 708 00 Ostrava, Czech Republic"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8655-778X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Cybernetics and Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, VSB–Technical University of Ostrava, Ostrava, Czech Republic","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142208455"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Cybernetics and Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, VSB-Technical University of Ostrava, 17. Listopadu2172/15, 708 00 Ostrava, Czech Republic","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142208455"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5042254735","display_name":"Radek Mart\u00ednek","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2054-143X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I142208455","display_name":"VSB - Technical University of Ostrava","ror":"https://ror.org/05x8mcb75","country_code":"CZ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I142208455"]}],"countries":["CZ"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Radek Martinek","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Cybernetics and Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, VSB–Technical University of Ostrava, Ostrava, Czech Republic","Department of Cybernetics and Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, VSB-Technical University of Ostrava, 17. Listopadu2172/15, 708 00 Ostrava, Czech Republic"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2054-143X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Cybernetics and Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, VSB–Technical University of Ostrava, Ostrava, Czech Republic","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142208455"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Cybernetics and Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, VSB-Technical University of Ostrava, 17. Listopadu2172/15, 708 00 Ostrava, Czech Republic","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142208455"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5042141088"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142208455","https://openalex.org/I4210123993"],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":0.5294,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.7252259,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"11","issue":null,"first_page":"127176","last_page":"127201"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10763","display_name":"Digital Transformation in Industry","score":0.9962000250816345,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2209","display_name":"Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10763","display_name":"Digital Transformation in Industry","score":0.9962000250816345,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2209","display_name":"Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11159","display_name":"Manufacturing Process and Optimization","score":0.9848999977111816,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2209","display_name":"Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13706","display_name":"Management and Optimization Techniques","score":0.9814000129699707,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1408","display_name":"Strategy and Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/manufacturing-engineering","display_name":"Manufacturing engineering","score":0.6730114221572876},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/six-sigma","display_name":"Six Sigma","score":0.5544747114181519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5509591698646545},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/topsis","display_name":"TOPSIS","score":0.534034013748169},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process","display_name":"Process (computing)","score":0.46865811944007874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/manufacturing","display_name":"Manufacturing","score":0.4645262658596039},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/numerical-control","display_name":"Numerical control","score":0.4334179162979126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/product","display_name":"Product (mathematics)","score":0.4207667112350464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/factory","display_name":"Factory (object-oriented programming)","score":0.4123286306858063},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process-management","display_name":"Process management","score":0.35675036907196045},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/industrial-engineering","display_name":"Industrial engineering","score":0.32644736766815186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.20171597599983215},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machining","display_name":"Machining","score":0.18402442336082458},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/business","display_name":"Business","score":0.16525420546531677},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operations-research","display_name":"Operations research","score":0.15637129545211792}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C117671659","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11049265","display_name":"Manufacturing engineering","level":1,"score":0.6730114221572876},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23119410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q236908","display_name":"Six Sigma","level":3,"score":0.5544747114181519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5509591698646545},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C51566761","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1235853","display_name":"TOPSIS","level":2,"score":0.534034013748169},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.46865811944007874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175700187","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q187939","display_name":"Manufacturing","level":2,"score":0.4645262658596039},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175457265","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190247","display_name":"Numerical control","level":3,"score":0.4334179162979126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90673727","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q901718","display_name":"Product (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.4207667112350464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C40149104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5620977","display_name":"Factory (object-oriented programming)","level":2,"score":0.4123286306858063},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C195094911","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14167904","display_name":"Process management","level":1,"score":0.35675036907196045},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13736549","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4489420","display_name":"Industrial engineering","level":1,"score":0.32644736766815186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.20171597599983215},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C523214423","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192047","display_name":"Machining","level":2,"score":0.18402442336082458},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.16525420546531677},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42475967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q194292","display_name":"Operations research","level":1,"score":0.15637129545211792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162853370","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39809","display_name":"Marketing","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78519656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101333","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137335462","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q380772","display_name":"Lean manufacturing","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2023.3331818","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2023.3331818","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/10314511.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:dspace.vsb.cz:10084/152662","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10084/152662","pdf_url":"http://dspace.vsb.cz/bitstream/10084/152662/1/2169-3536-2023v11p127176.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401668","display_name":"DSpace V\u0160B-TUO (V\u0160B-TUO)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I142208455","host_organization_name":"VSB - Technical University of Ostrava","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I142208455"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:82ff54e32a6f4cf892909da8e6604dce","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/82ff54e32a6f4cf892909da8e6604dce","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 11, Pp 127176-127201 (2023)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2023.3331818","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2023.3331818","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/10314511.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.5799999833106995,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320324050","display_name":"Ostravsk\u00e1 Univerzita v Ostrav\u011b","ror":"https://ror.org/00pyqav47"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4388544034.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4388544034.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":40,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W752225299","https://openalex.org/W1972591816","https://openalex.org/W2029608738","https://openalex.org/W2032172406","https://openalex.org/W2042102899","https://openalex.org/W2506768821","https://openalex.org/W2653635971","https://openalex.org/W2746524891","https://openalex.org/W2771783069","https://openalex.org/W2800046642","https://openalex.org/W2907713773","https://openalex.org/W2913401298","https://openalex.org/W2941204645","https://openalex.org/W2942313107","https://openalex.org/W2970520611","https://openalex.org/W2973104365","https://openalex.org/W2979616178","https://openalex.org/W2987040097","https://openalex.org/W2995326852","https://openalex.org/W2999345642","https://openalex.org/W3011108253","https://openalex.org/W3021264318","https://openalex.org/W3092164438","https://openalex.org/W3093575763","https://openalex.org/W3095812570","https://openalex.org/W3109763490","https://openalex.org/W3117667440","https://openalex.org/W3139014199","https://openalex.org/W3156509758","https://openalex.org/W3191811862","https://openalex.org/W3210389414","https://openalex.org/W4200408129","https://openalex.org/W4211226721","https://openalex.org/W4225156173","https://openalex.org/W4283725883","https://openalex.org/W4289519575","https://openalex.org/W4310443845","https://openalex.org/W4317936121","https://openalex.org/W4377862238","https://openalex.org/W4384928263"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2041949587","https://openalex.org/W2958553423","https://openalex.org/W2358217305","https://openalex.org/W2359186709","https://openalex.org/W1968741569","https://openalex.org/W4282827651","https://openalex.org/W3015638941","https://openalex.org/W4324117723","https://openalex.org/W2151342140","https://openalex.org/W2379805174"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,218],"mechanical":[1,215],"components":[2],"manufacturing":[3,139,233,303],"industry":[4],"is":[5,24,39,66,129,222,317],"carried":[6],"out":[7],"through":[8],"turning":[9],"processes":[10,59,304],"using":[11,295,305],"CNC":[12,22,30,58,232],"machines.":[13],"Improving":[14],"productivity":[15],"and":[16,62,81,89,114,145,175,228,265,319],"improving":[17],"product":[18,242],"quality":[19],"in":[20,42,85,141,191,230,257,310],"the":[21,29,43,47,122,138,142,179,200,204,208,214,231,241,276,286,306],"process":[23,31,326],"necessary.":[25],"Automating":[26],"operations":[27,61],"at":[28,36,60,99,213],"with":[32,46,323],"Industry":[33,51,70,118,219,280,296],"4.0":[34,52,71,119,220,281,297],"technology":[35,72,221,282],"low":[37],"cost":[38],"a":[40,86,103,166,236],"direction":[41,45],"right":[44],"development":[48,116],"trend":[49],"of":[50,106,124,207,210,238,273,278,288],"technology.":[53],"Making":[54],"decisions":[55],"to":[56,109,131,134,157,185,195,224,252,284,301],"improve":[57,302],"implementing":[63],"continuous":[64,197,211],"improvement":[65,190,212,327],"an":[67,192],"urgent":[68],"activity.":[69],"helps":[73,97,183],"connect":[74],"data":[75,94,108],"between":[76,95],"customer":[77],"companies,":[78],"business":[79,115,325],"sectors,":[80],"supply":[82],"chain":[83],"partners":[84],"more":[87,111,161],"specific":[88],"simple":[90],"way.":[91],"Commonly":[92],"connected":[93],"companies":[96],"decision-makers":[98,184],"each":[100],"company":[101],"have":[102],"common":[104],"source":[105],"analytical":[107],"make":[110],"effective":[112,146],"production":[113,259],"decisions.":[117],"technologies":[120],"are":[121,263],"subject":[123],"much":[125],"research,":[126],"but":[127],"it":[128],"important":[130],"consider":[132],"how":[133],"integrate":[135],"them":[136],"into":[137],"world":[140],"most":[143],"efficient":[144],"way":[147,300],"possible.":[148],"Manufacturers":[149],"will":[150],"benefit":[151],"from":[152,248],"this":[153,239],"article\u2019s":[154],"additional":[155],"insights":[156],"solve":[158],"their":[159,270],"problems":[160],"effectively.":[162],"This":[163,291,314],"paper":[164],"proposes":[165],"Hybrid":[167,307],"Six":[168,311],"Sigma":[169,312],"methodology":[170],"based":[171],"on":[172,275],"Fuzzy":[173,180],"TOPSIS":[174,181],"PLS-SEM":[176,201],"methods.":[177],"First,":[178],"method":[182,202,309],"select":[186],"problem":[187],"points":[188],"for":[189],"unknown":[193],"environment":[194],"implement":[196],"improvement.":[198],"Second,":[199],"evaluates":[203],"impact":[205],"factors":[206],"results":[209],"component":[216],"factory.":[217],"proposed":[223],"be":[225,321],"designed,":[226],"tested,":[227],"installed":[229],"process.":[234],"As":[235],"result":[237],"study,":[240],"length":[243],"dimensional":[244],"error":[245],"rate":[246],"decreased":[247],"54.90%":[249],"per":[250],"month":[251],"zero":[253],"defects,":[254],"saving":[255],"$9593":[256],"annual":[258],"costs.":[260],"Research":[261],"machines":[262],"semi-automatic":[264],"cannot":[266],"increase":[267,285],"or":[268],"digitize":[269],"performance":[271],"because":[272],"studies":[274],"application":[277],"low-cost":[279,299],"systems":[283],"capacity":[287],"industrial":[289],"processes.":[290],"study":[292],"contributes":[293],"by":[294],"technology\u2019s":[298],"DMAIC":[308],"methodology.":[313],"hybrid":[315],"approach":[316],"adaptable":[318],"can":[320],"used":[322],"different":[324],"models.":[328]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-03-27T05:58:40.876381","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}