{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4388692263","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2023.3331329","title":"Clustering and Deep-Learning for Energy Consumption Forecast in Smart Buildings","display_name":"Clustering and Deep-Learning for Energy Consumption Forecast in Smart Buildings","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4388692263","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2023.3331329"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2023.3331329","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2023.3331329","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/10319387.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/10319387.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5093266077","display_name":"Desir\u00e9e Arias-Requejo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6053-2215"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I188760350","display_name":"Ollscoil na Gaillimhe \u2013 University of Galway","ror":"https://ror.org/03bea9k73","country_code":"IE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I188760350"]}],"countries":["IE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Desir\u00e9e Arias-Requejo","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Engineering, College of Science and Engineering, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland","Ryan Institute, University of Galway, Ireland","Informatics Research Unit for Sustainable Engineering (IRUSE) Galway, Ireland"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6053-2215","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Engineering, College of Science and Engineering, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I188760350"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Ryan Institute, University of Galway, Ireland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I188760350"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Informatics Research Unit for Sustainable Engineering (IRUSE) Galway, Ireland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I188760350"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5056495878","display_name":"Belarmino Pulido","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2340-684X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I108103353","display_name":"Universidad de Valladolid","ror":"https://ror.org/01fvbaw18","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I108103353"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Belarmino Pulido","raw_affiliation_strings":["Departamento de Inform&#x00E1;tica, University of Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2340-684X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Departamento de Inform&#x00E1;tica, University of Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I108103353"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5010557956","display_name":"Marcus Keane","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6785-3484"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I188760350","display_name":"Ollscoil na Gaillimhe \u2013 University of Galway","ror":"https://ror.org/03bea9k73","country_code":"IE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I188760350"]}],"countries":["IE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Marcus M. Keane","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Engineering, College of Science and Engineering, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland","Ryan Institute, University of Galway, Ireland","Informatics Research Unit for Sustainable Engineering (IRUSE) Galway, Ireland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Engineering, College of Science and Engineering, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I188760350"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Ryan Institute, University of Galway, Ireland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I188760350"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Informatics Research Unit for Sustainable Engineering (IRUSE) Galway, Ireland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I188760350"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111543239","display_name":"Carlos J. Alonso","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4136-9632"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I108103353","display_name":"Universidad de Valladolid","ror":"https://ror.org/01fvbaw18","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I108103353"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Carlos J. Alonso-Gonz\u00e1lez","raw_affiliation_strings":["Departamento de Inform&#x00E1;tica, University of Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Departamento de Inform&#x00E1;tica, University of Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I108103353"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":1.0024,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":12,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.73381624,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"11","issue":null,"first_page":"128061","last_page":"128080"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11052","display_name":"Energy Load and Power Forecasting","score":0.9987000226974487,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11052","display_name":"Energy Load and Power Forecasting","score":0.9987000226974487,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10121","display_name":"Building Energy and Comfort Optimization","score":0.9979000091552734,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2215","display_name":"Building and Construction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12120","display_name":"Air Quality Monitoring and Forecasting","score":0.9966999888420105,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hvac","display_name":"HVAC","score":0.8409738540649414},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7536699175834656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/energy-consumption","display_name":"Energy consumption","score":0.6439828872680664},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/building-automation","display_name":"Building automation","score":0.6087042093276978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cluster-analysis","display_name":"Cluster analysis","score":0.5484628081321716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/air-conditioning","display_name":"Air conditioning","score":0.4470880329608917},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/efficient-energy-use","display_name":"Efficient energy use","score":0.44158411026000977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deep-learning","display_name":"Deep learning","score":0.4372815787792206},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.3438112735748291},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reliability-engineering","display_name":"Reliability engineering","score":0.33701175451278687},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.16952332854270935}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C122346748","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1798773","display_name":"HVAC","level":3,"score":0.8409738540649414},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7536699175834656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780165032","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16869822","display_name":"Energy consumption","level":2,"score":0.6439828872680664},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C83931994","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1149653","display_name":"Building automation","level":2,"score":0.6087042093276978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C73555534","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q622825","display_name":"Cluster analysis","level":2,"score":0.5484628081321716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C103742991","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173725","display_name":"Air conditioning","level":2,"score":0.4470880329608917},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2742236","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q924713","display_name":"Efficient energy use","level":2,"score":0.44158411026000977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.4372815787792206},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.3438112735748291},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C200601418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2193887","display_name":"Reliability engineering","level":1,"score":0.33701175451278687},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.16952332854270935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78519656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101333","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97355855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11473","display_name":"Thermodynamics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2023.3331329","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2023.3331329","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/10319387.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:87817310b2754506b953a41917633ceb","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/87817310b2754506b953a41917633ceb","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 11, Pp 128061-128080 (2023)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2023.3331329","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2023.3331329","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/10319387.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.8799999952316284,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","display_name":"Affordable and clean energy"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3669131543","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"PID2021-126659OB-I00","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322930","funder_display_name":"Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovaci\u00f3n"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5855984193","display_name":"Service Platform to Host and SharE REsidential data","funder_award_id":"820805","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","funder_display_name":"European Commission"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","display_name":"European Commission","ror":"https://ror.org/00k4n6c32"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320861","display_name":"University of Galway","ror":"https://ror.org/03bea9k73"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322930","display_name":"Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovaci\u00f3n","ror":"https://ror.org/034900433"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4388692263.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4388692263.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":30,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1983753875","https://openalex.org/W1987971958","https://openalex.org/W2019502123","https://openalex.org/W2051224630","https://openalex.org/W2064675550","https://openalex.org/W2089662726","https://openalex.org/W2157331557","https://openalex.org/W2163121678","https://openalex.org/W2612810742","https://openalex.org/W2754252319","https://openalex.org/W2793062918","https://openalex.org/W2809317444","https://openalex.org/W2910728422","https://openalex.org/W2915043045","https://openalex.org/W2945137668","https://openalex.org/W2954686191","https://openalex.org/W2977375416","https://openalex.org/W2981041479","https://openalex.org/W2997327172","https://openalex.org/W2997591727","https://openalex.org/W3080450271","https://openalex.org/W3155206335","https://openalex.org/W3163598860","https://openalex.org/W3213761405","https://openalex.org/W4230953273","https://openalex.org/W4251369602","https://openalex.org/W6742329782","https://openalex.org/W6754092823","https://openalex.org/W6786416416","https://openalex.org/W6805075488"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3046823714","https://openalex.org/W2348218441","https://openalex.org/W3021806226","https://openalex.org/W2366782876","https://openalex.org/W2764016588","https://openalex.org/W2080118969","https://openalex.org/W3088859544","https://openalex.org/W2005108817","https://openalex.org/W3194241082","https://openalex.org/W179829755"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,119,125,199,215],"proper":[1],"operation":[2],"of":[3,23,39,51,60,82,105,113,122,165,182,244,250],"Heating,":[4],"Ventilation,":[5],"and":[6,28,37,170,189,194,260,268],"Air":[7],"Conditioning":[8],"(HVAC)":[9],"systems":[10],"is":[11,87,159,203,218],"crucial":[12],"to":[13,69,77,91,101,134,160,176,235],"reduce":[14,47],"energy":[15,24,49,70,80,106,117],"consumption":[16],"because":[17],"they":[18],"are":[19],"the":[20,48,52,58,79,111,128,132,141,178,187,209,224,240,247,258,274],"major":[21],"consumers":[22],"in":[25,151,186,197,252,277],"buildings.":[26],"Prognostic":[27],"Health":[29],"Management":[30],"Systems":[31],"(PHMS)":[32],"can":[33,46],"assist":[34],"both":[35,173],"operators":[36],"managers":[38],"Smart":[40],"Buildings,":[41],"anticipating":[42],"potential":[43],"problems":[44],"that":[45],"efficiency":[50],"building.":[53],"However,":[54],"PHMS":[55],"usually":[56],"lack":[57],"capability":[59],"predicting":[61],"changes":[62],"on":[63,116],"Key":[64],"Performance":[65],"Indicators":[66],"(KPIs)":[67],"related":[68],"consumption.":[71,118],"Therefore,":[72],"having":[73],"a":[74,83,92,98,183,236],"reliable":[75],"method":[76],"predict":[78,177],"demand":[81,107,181],"building\u2019s":[84,93],"HVAC":[85],"system":[86],"an":[88,152],"important":[89],"complement":[90],"PHMS.":[94],"This":[95,254],"paper":[96,229],"proposes":[97],"data-driven":[99],"methodology":[100,120,234,259],"create":[102],"predictive":[103],"models":[104,150,270],"taking":[108],"into":[109],"account":[110],"effect":[112],"weather":[114],"conditions":[115],"consists":[121],"two":[123,162],"stages.":[124],"first":[126],"considers":[127],"environmental":[129],"variables":[130],"affecting":[131],"building":[133,185],"identify":[135],"clusters":[136],"with":[137,205,220],"similar":[138],"conditions.":[139],"For":[140],"second":[142],"stage,":[143],"Deep":[144],"Learning":[145],"Long-short":[146],"Term":[147],"Memory":[148],"(LSTM)":[149],"encoder-decoder":[153],"architecture":[154],"were":[155],"used.":[156],"Our":[157],"proposal":[158],"build":[161],"different":[163],"types":[164],"models,":[166,172],"named":[167],"reference":[168,200,266],"cluster":[169,201,267],"recent":[171,216,269],"being":[174],"able":[175],"total":[179],"heating":[180],"smart":[184,237],"short":[188],"medium":[190],"term,":[191],"one":[192,195],"day":[193],"week":[196],"advance.":[198],"model":[202,217],"built":[204,219],"historical":[206,221],"data":[207,222],"from":[208,223],"distant":[210],"past":[211],"for":[212],"each":[213],"cluster.":[214],"immediate":[225],"past.":[226],"In":[227],"this":[228,233,278],"we":[230],"have":[231],"applied":[232],"educational":[238],"building:":[239],"Alice":[241],"Perry":[242],"School":[243],"Engineering":[245],"at":[246],"National":[248],"University":[249],"Ireland":[251],"Galway.":[253],"case":[255],"study":[256],"illustrates":[257],"successfully":[261],"tests":[262],"its":[263],"feasibility.":[264],"Both":[265],"provide":[271],"predictions":[272],"achieving":[273],"acceptance":[275],"criteria":[276],"domain.":[279]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-07-26T07:53:14.480251","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
