{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4388430273","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2023.3330436","title":"Segmentation Using the IC2T Model and Classification of Diabetic Retinopathy Using the Rock Hyrax Swarm-Based Coordination Attention Mechanism","display_name":"Segmentation Using the IC2T Model and Classification of Diabetic Retinopathy Using the Rock Hyrax Swarm-Based Coordination Attention Mechanism","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4388430273","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2023.3330436"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2023.3330436","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2023.3330436","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/10309125.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/10309125.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5082591245","display_name":"B. N. Jagadesh","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3402-146X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4401726783","display_name":"VIT-AP University","ror":"https://ror.org/007v4hf75","country_code":null,"type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4401726783"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"B. N. Jagadesh","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Engineering, VIT-AP University, Vijayawada, India"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3402-146X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Engineering, VIT-AP University, Vijayawada, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4401726783"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5108057881","display_name":"M. Ganesh Karthik","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I885392262","display_name":"GITAM University","ror":"https://ror.org/0440p1d37","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I885392262"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"M. Ganesh Karthik","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Engineering, GITAM School of Technology, GITAM University, Bengaluru Campus, Bengaluru, India"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3090-2975","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Engineering, GITAM School of Technology, GITAM University, Bengaluru Campus, Bengaluru, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I885392262"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5039725166","display_name":"Dharmapuri Siri","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"D. Siri","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of CSE, Gokaraju Rangaraju Institute of Engineering and Technology, Hyderabad, India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of CSE, Gokaraju Rangaraju Institute of Engineering and Technology, Hyderabad, India","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5022107680","display_name":"Sk. Khaja Shareef","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1079-2665"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"S. K. Khaja Shareef","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Information Technology, MLR Institute of Technology, Hyderabad, India"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1079-2665","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Information Technology, MLR Institute of Technology, Hyderabad, India","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5040517114","display_name":"Srihari Varma Mantena","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3849-0645"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4400009046","display_name":"SRKR Engineering College","ror":"https://ror.org/038qac964","country_code":null,"type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4400009046"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Srihari Varma Mantena","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Engineering, SRKR Engineering College, Bhimavaram, India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Engineering, SRKR Engineering College, Bhimavaram, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4400009046"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5039304806","display_name":"Ramesh Vatambeti","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2611-4925"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4401726783","display_name":"VIT-AP University","ror":"https://ror.org/007v4hf75","country_code":null,"type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4401726783"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ramesh Vatambeti","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Engineering, VIT-AP University, Vijayawada, India"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2611-4925","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Engineering, VIT-AP University, Vijayawada, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4401726783"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":6.1406,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":28,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.97034915,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":99,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"11","issue":null,"first_page":"124441","last_page":"124458"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11438","display_name":"Retinal Imaging and Analysis","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2741","display_name":"Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11438","display_name":"Retinal Imaging and Analysis","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2741","display_name":"Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10170","display_name":"Retinal Diseases and Treatments","score":0.9943000078201294,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2731","display_name":"Ophthalmology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12874","display_name":"Digital Imaging for Blood Diseases","score":0.9932000041007996,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/diabetic-retinopathy","display_name":"Diabetic retinopathy","score":0.760356068611145},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.736076295375824},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6864160299301147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/segmentation","display_name":"Segmentation","score":0.50790935754776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convolutional-neural-network","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","score":0.46561646461486816},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/retinal","display_name":"Retinal","score":0.46068835258483887},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.44998830556869507},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/classifier","display_name":"Classifier (UML)","score":0.44805997610092163},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.41168519854545593},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ophthalmology","display_name":"Ophthalmology","score":0.2757336497306824},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medicine","display_name":"Medicine","score":0.2679142355918884},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/diabetes-mellitus","display_name":"Diabetes mellitus","score":0.2482331097126007}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779829184","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q631361","display_name":"Diabetic retinopathy","level":3,"score":0.760356068611145},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.736076295375824},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6864160299301147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89600930","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423946","display_name":"Segmentation","level":2,"score":0.50790935754776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81363708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17084460","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","level":2,"score":0.46561646461486816},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780827179","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q422001","display_name":"Retinal","level":2,"score":0.46068835258483887},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.44998830556869507},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95623464","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1096149","display_name":"Classifier (UML)","level":2,"score":0.44805997610092163},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.41168519854545593},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118487528","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161437","display_name":"Ophthalmology","level":1,"score":0.2757336497306824},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.2679142355918884},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555293320","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12206","display_name":"Diabetes mellitus","level":2,"score":0.2482331097126007},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134018914","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q162606","display_name":"Endocrinology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2023.3330436","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2023.3330436","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/10309125.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:855d0a8645974e20bd43343c3e48833d","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/855d0a8645974e20bd43343c3e48833d","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 11, Pp 124441-124458 (2023)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2023.3330436","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2023.3330436","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/10309125.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":0.6399999856948853}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4388430273.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4388430273.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":48,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1969496006","https://openalex.org/W2143978378","https://openalex.org/W2585392941","https://openalex.org/W2902035838","https://openalex.org/W2907743631","https://openalex.org/W2919645480","https://openalex.org/W2922015385","https://openalex.org/W2939499009","https://openalex.org/W2947164691","https://openalex.org/W2953029621","https://openalex.org/W2963103847","https://openalex.org/W2982083293","https://openalex.org/W3001633195","https://openalex.org/W3035414587","https://openalex.org/W3037640857","https://openalex.org/W3037994214","https://openalex.org/W3039689233","https://openalex.org/W3081111549","https://openalex.org/W3091199344","https://openalex.org/W3098558149","https://openalex.org/W3136354122","https://openalex.org/W3136650854","https://openalex.org/W3138516171","https://openalex.org/W3151812238","https://openalex.org/W3154135352","https://openalex.org/W3154440190","https://openalex.org/W3156316671","https://openalex.org/W3160633377","https://openalex.org/W3195636772","https://openalex.org/W4214892040","https://openalex.org/W4287062814","https://openalex.org/W4289752563","https://openalex.org/W4293795081","https://openalex.org/W4295220355","https://openalex.org/W4307994135","https://openalex.org/W4309899681","https://openalex.org/W4315977407","https://openalex.org/W4319004954","https://openalex.org/W4321232185","https://openalex.org/W4324357630","https://openalex.org/W4327814554","https://openalex.org/W4365815193","https://openalex.org/W4367846179","https://openalex.org/W4376109386","https://openalex.org/W4379160554","https://openalex.org/W4383225805","https://openalex.org/W6794345597","https://openalex.org/W6841287799"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4293226380","https://openalex.org/W4387265590","https://openalex.org/W4321487865","https://openalex.org/W1995904975","https://openalex.org/W4313906399","https://openalex.org/W4391266461","https://openalex.org/W2590798552","https://openalex.org/W2811106690","https://openalex.org/W3032712071","https://openalex.org/W2744576618"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Diabetic":[0],"Retinopathy":[1],"(DR)":[2],"evaluations":[3],"are":[4],"increasingly":[5],"being":[6],"automated":[7,26,65,95],"using":[8],"artificial":[9],"intelligence.":[10],"Diabetes-related":[11],"retinal":[12,55,78,169],"vascular":[13],"disease":[14],"is":[15,165],"a":[16,72,85,90,130,135,142],"major":[17],"cause":[18],"of":[19,109,121,186],"blindness":[20],"and":[21,43,115,141,150,179,189,194,212],"visual":[22,35],"impairment":[23,36],"worldwide.":[24],"Therefore,":[25],"DR":[27,39,96,172],"detection":[28,139],"devices":[29],"would":[30],"greatly":[31],"aid":[32],"in":[33,54],"reducing":[34],"due":[37],"to":[38,74,84,94,98,103,153,167,203,214],"through":[40],"early":[41],"screening":[42],"treatment.":[44],"Researchers":[45],"have":[46],"provided":[47],"many":[48],"techniques":[49],"for":[50,67,171],"picking":[51],"out":[52],"abnormalities":[53],"images":[56,79],"during":[57],"the":[58,63,100,104,197,206,218],"past":[59],"several":[60],"years.":[61],"In":[62],"past,":[64],"methods":[66,216],"diagnosing":[68],"diabetic":[69],"retinopathy":[70],"required":[71],"human":[73],"extract":[75],"information":[76],"from":[77],"before":[80],"passing":[81],"them":[82],"on":[83,191],"classifier.":[86],"This":[87],"study":[88],"takes":[89],"novel":[91],"two-pronged":[92],"approach":[93],"classification":[97],"solve":[99],"issues.":[101],"Due":[102],"low":[105],"positive":[106],"instance":[107],"percentage":[108],"existing":[110],"asymmetric,":[111],"we":[112],"segment":[113],"O.D.s":[114],"B.V.s":[116],"with":[117],"an":[118,122,183],"enhanced":[119],"version":[120],"improved":[123],"contoured":[124,131],"convolutional":[125,144],"transformer":[126,145],"(IC2T).":[127],"We":[128],"develop":[129],"optical":[132],"disc":[133],"(OD),":[134],"blood":[136],"vessels":[137],"(BV)":[138],"module,":[140],"dual":[143],"block":[146],"that":[147],"combines":[148],"local":[149],"global":[151],"contexts":[152],"make":[154],"trustworthy":[155],"associations.":[156],"A":[157],"second-stage":[158],"Improved":[159],"Coordination":[160],"Attention":[161],"Mechanism":[162],"(ICAM)":[163],"network":[164],"trained":[166],"recognize":[168],"biomarkers":[170],"such":[173],"as":[174],"microaneurysms":[175],"(M.A.),":[176],"haemorrhages":[177],"(H.M.),":[178],"exudates":[180],"(EX).":[181],"With":[182],"average":[184],"accuracy":[185],"96%,":[187],"97%,":[188],"98%":[190],"EyePACS-1,":[192],"Messidor-2,":[193],"DIARETDB0,":[195],"respectively,":[196],"suggested":[198],"technique":[199],"has":[200],"proven":[201],"itself":[202],"be":[204],"at":[205],"field\u2019s":[207],"cutting":[208],"edge.":[209],"Comprehensive":[210],"testing":[211],"comparisons":[213],"established":[215],"support":[217],"proposed":[219],"strategy.":[220]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":16},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":8}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
