{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4388240353","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2023.3329975","title":"Cracked Tongue Extraction Model Based on Improved U-Net Method","display_name":"Cracked Tongue Extraction Model Based on Improved U-Net Method","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4388240353","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2023.3329975"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2023.3329975","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2023.3329975","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/10305584.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/10305584.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5089752258","display_name":"Z. Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2523-2567"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I94357780","display_name":"Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering","ror":"https://ror.org/000b7ms85","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I94357780"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zihao Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Information Science and Technology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2523-2567","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Information Science and Technology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I94357780"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100633350","display_name":"Jianhua Zheng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0224-0270"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210105984","display_name":"Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine","ror":"https://ror.org/01gb3y148","country_code":"CN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210105984"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I94357780","display_name":"Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering","ror":"https://ror.org/000b7ms85","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I94357780"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jianhua Zheng","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Information Science and Technology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, China","Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Informatization, Guangzhou, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Information Science and Technology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I94357780"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Informatization, Guangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210105984"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5112677628","display_name":"Ruolin Zhao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7225-7804"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I94357780","display_name":"Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering","ror":"https://ror.org/000b7ms85","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I94357780"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ruolin Zhao","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Information Science and Technology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Information Science and Technology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I94357780"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5051181135","display_name":"Shuangyin Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4068-1096"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I94357780","display_name":"Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering","ror":"https://ror.org/000b7ms85","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I94357780"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shuangyin Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Information Science and Technology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Information Science and Technology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I94357780"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Zhengjie Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1008-0043"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I117532281","display_name":"Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine","ror":"https://ror.org/03qb7bg95","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I117532281"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210105984","display_name":"Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine","ror":"https://ror.org/01gb3y148","country_code":"CN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210105984"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhengjie Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China","The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1008-0043","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210105984"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I117532281"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5107944211","display_name":"Jinhe Wang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I200296433","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College","ror":"https://ror.org/02drdmm93","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I200296433"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210127599","display_name":"Xiyuan Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/02y0vze35","country_code":"CN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210127599"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jinhe Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Xiyuan Hospital of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Xiyuan Hospital of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I200296433","https://openalex.org/I4210127599"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":1.0117,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.80644794,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"11","issue":null,"first_page":"126352","last_page":"126364"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12647","display_name":"Traditional Chinese Medicine Studies","score":0.9872999787330627,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2707","display_name":"Complementary and alternative medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12647","display_name":"Traditional Chinese Medicine Studies","score":0.9872999787330627,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2707","display_name":"Complementary and alternative medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10515","display_name":"Cancer-related molecular mechanisms research","score":0.9174000024795532,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1306","display_name":"Cancer Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.640365719795227},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/extraction","display_name":"Extraction (chemistry)","score":0.6106049418449402},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tongue","display_name":"Tongue","score":0.5442594885826111},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/net","display_name":"Net (polyhedron)","score":0.4283459782600403},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.36939263343811035},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.16700565814971924},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chromatography","display_name":"Chromatography","score":0.10589417815208435},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geometry","display_name":"Geometry","score":0.10420829057693481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chemistry","display_name":"Chemistry","score":0.08624488115310669},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medicine","display_name":"Medicine","score":0.08400613069534302},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pathology","display_name":"Pathology","score":0.06908974051475525}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.640365719795227},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4725764","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844704","display_name":"Extraction (chemistry)","level":2,"score":0.6106049418449402},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779744641","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9614","display_name":"Tongue","level":2,"score":0.5442594885826111},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C14166107","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q253829","display_name":"Net (polyhedron)","level":2,"score":0.4283459782600403},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.36939263343811035},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.16700565814971924},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43617362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170050","display_name":"Chromatography","level":1,"score":0.10589417815208435},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.10420829057693481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.08624488115310669},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.08400613069534302},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142724271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208","display_name":"Pathology","level":1,"score":0.06908974051475525}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2023.3329975","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2023.3329975","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/10305584.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:1ac43db0b56045c88d713f7d364f19f6","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/1ac43db0b56045c88d713f7d364f19f6","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 11, Pp 126352-126364 (2023)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2023.3329975","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2023.3329975","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/10305584.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","display_name":"Quality Education","score":0.8100000023841858}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2803518830","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2018YFC2002500","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G286205576","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2022B1515120059","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321921","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4115311850","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2020B0202080002","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321921","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4321122494","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2023A1515011230","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321921","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G497782476","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2021503","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320313841","funder_display_name":"Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5944090934","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2021B1212040007","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7171326877","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2020B0202080002","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320324202","funder_display_name":"Guangdong Science and Technology Department"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8107836946","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2021B1212040007","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320313841","funder_display_name":"Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8573005590","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2018YFC2002500","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","funder_display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G936690837","display_name":"\u6570\u636e\u9a71\u52a8\u7684\u96c6\u7ea6\u5316\u6c34\u5065\u5eb7\u79bd\u517b\u6b96\u73af\u5883\u591a\u53c2\u6570\u975e\u7ebf\u6027\u96c6\u6210\u9884\u6d4b\u6a21\u578b\u7814\u7a76","funder_award_id":"61871475","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320313841","display_name":"Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine","ror":"https://ror.org/01gb3y148"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321921","display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320324202","display_name":"Guangdong Science and Technology Department","ror":"https://ror.org/00tjzgn92"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337368","display_name":"Division of Graduate Education","ror":"https://ror.org/00whkrf32"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4388240353.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4388240353.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":26,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1901129140","https://openalex.org/W1951380287","https://openalex.org/W1978663284","https://openalex.org/W2048500632","https://openalex.org/W2630837129","https://openalex.org/W2889720215","https://openalex.org/W2962858109","https://openalex.org/W2962914239","https://openalex.org/W2963420686","https://openalex.org/W2963881378","https://openalex.org/W3015284486","https://openalex.org/W3062415113","https://openalex.org/W3137742143","https://openalex.org/W3161061377","https://openalex.org/W3175855281","https://openalex.org/W3213349144","https://openalex.org/W4205747479","https://openalex.org/W4280505312","https://openalex.org/W4285821484","https://openalex.org/W4288075622","https://openalex.org/W4308550748","https://openalex.org/W4315490766","https://openalex.org/W4390874575","https://openalex.org/W6739696289","https://openalex.org/W6753412334","https://openalex.org/W6776492765"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4391375266","https://openalex.org/W2899084033","https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W3136794468","https://openalex.org/W2367950022","https://openalex.org/W2365707941","https://openalex.org/W2366141844","https://openalex.org/W2383946220","https://openalex.org/W2358428239","https://openalex.org/W3011636953"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Tongue":[0],"diagnosis":[1],"holds":[2],"significant":[3,141],"importance":[4],"in":[5,23],"Traditional":[6],"Chinese":[7],"Medicine":[8],"(TCM),":[9],"with":[10],"cracked":[11,57,159],"tongues":[12,160],"serving":[13],"as":[14],"a":[15,33,41,111,140],"key":[16],"diagnostic":[17],"feature.":[18],"However,":[19],"the":[20,24,50,53,62,73,79,88,96,99,116,123,134,156,165,174],"considerable":[21],"variability":[22],"morphology,":[25],"depth,":[26],"and":[27,127,167],"distribution":[28],"of":[29,52,70,83,90,98,113,131,158,169,176],"tongue":[30,58,84,105,170],"cracks":[31],"poses":[32],"challenge":[34],"for":[35,56,154],"accurate":[36],"extraction.":[37],"In":[38],"this":[39],"paper,":[40],"novel":[42],"deep":[43],"learning":[44],"approach":[45,153],"is":[46],"proposed":[47,100],"to":[48,75,164],"enhance":[49],"decoder":[51],"U-Net":[54],"model":[55,74],"extraction":[59,157],"by":[60],"incorporating":[61],"Hybrid":[63],"Parallel":[64],"Attention":[65],"Mechanism":[66],"(HPAM).":[67],"The":[68,108],"inclusion":[69],"HPAM":[71],"enables":[72],"better":[76],"concentrate":[77],"on":[78,115,122,133],"small-scale":[80],"feature":[81],"information":[82],"cracks,":[85],"thereby":[86,172],"improving":[87],"accuracy":[89,168],"crack":[91,106],"segmentation.":[92],"Experimental":[93],"results":[94,138],"demonstrate":[95],"effectiveness":[97],"method":[101,109],"across":[102],"all":[103],"three":[104],"datasets.":[107],"achieves":[110],"MIoU":[112,121,130],"69.31%":[114],"open":[117],"environment":[118,125],"dataset,":[119,126],"76.05%":[120],"non-open":[124],"an":[128,151],"overall":[129],"76.92%":[132],"combined":[135],"dataset.":[136],"These":[137],"signify":[139],"improvement":[142],"over":[143],"existing":[144],"methods.":[145],"This":[146],"study":[147],"not":[148],"only":[149],"offers":[150],"effective":[152],"automating":[155],"but":[161],"also":[162],"contributes":[163],"automation":[166],"diagnosis,":[171],"benefiting":[173],"field":[175],"TCM.":[177]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
