{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4388052891","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2023.3328855","title":"Transformer With Linear-Window Attention for Feature Matching","display_name":"Transformer With Linear-Window Attention for Feature Matching","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4388052891","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2023.3328855"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2023.3328855","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/access.2023.3328855","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/10302221.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/10302221.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103183436","display_name":"Zhiwei Shen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6355-8659"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I126520041","display_name":"University of Science and Technology of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04c4dkn09","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I126520041","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210099079","display_name":"Institute of Intelligent Machines","ror":"https://ror.org/00w0qep84","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I2802624667","https://openalex.org/I4210099079"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhiwei Shen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Intelligent Machines, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, China","University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6355-8659","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Intelligent Machines, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210099079"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I126520041"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101560781","display_name":"Bin Kong","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7678-3123"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210099079","display_name":"Institute of Intelligent Machines","ror":"https://ror.org/00w0qep84","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I2802624667","https://openalex.org/I4210099079"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210135175","display_name":"Hefei Institute of Technology Innovation","ror":"https://ror.org/044wmmj34","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210135175"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bin Kong","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Intelligent Machines, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, China","Anhui Engineering Laboratory for Intelligent Driving Technology and Application, Hefei, China","Innovation Research Institute of Robotics and Intelligent Manufacturing (Hefei), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Intelligent Machines, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210099079"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Anhui Engineering Laboratory for Intelligent Driving Technology and Application, Hefei, China","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Innovation Research Institute of Robotics and Intelligent Manufacturing (Hefei), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210135175"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5051017507","display_name":"Xiaoyu Dong","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6717-9779"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I126520041","display_name":"University of Science and Technology of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04c4dkn09","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I126520041","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210099079","display_name":"Institute of Intelligent Machines","ror":"https://ror.org/00w0qep84","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I2802624667","https://openalex.org/I4210099079"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiaoyu Dong","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Intelligent Machines, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, China","University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Intelligent Machines, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210099079"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I126520041"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":0.0971,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.37282043,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":"11","issue":null,"first_page":"121202","last_page":"121211"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10036","display_name":"Advanced Neural Network Applications","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10036","display_name":"Advanced Neural Network Applications","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10627","display_name":"Advanced Image and Video Retrieval Techniques","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11605","display_name":"Visual Attention and Saliency Detection","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.718305230140686},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transformer","display_name":"Transformer","score":0.5695781707763672},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5540890097618103},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computational-complexity-theory","display_name":"Computational complexity theory","score":0.5327128767967224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature-extraction","display_name":"Feature extraction","score":0.493706077337265},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.4813166856765747},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.3677440285682678},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.36202770471572876},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/voltage","display_name":"Voltage","score":0.17304828763008118}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.718305230140686},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66322947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11658","display_name":"Transformer","level":3,"score":0.5695781707763672},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5540890097618103},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C179799912","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205084","display_name":"Computational complexity theory","level":2,"score":0.5327128767967224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52622490","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1026626","display_name":"Feature extraction","level":2,"score":0.493706077337265},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.4813166856765747},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.3677440285682678},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.36202770471572876},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165801399","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25428","display_name":"Voltage","level":2,"score":0.17304828763008118},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2023.3328855","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/access.2023.3328855","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/10302221.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:ad819b98d5db4eba8e89e370dc858b50","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/ad819b98d5db4eba8e89e370dc858b50","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 11, Pp 121202-121211 (2023)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2023.3328855","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/access.2023.3328855","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/10302221.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1882368524","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"C2021002","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321133","funder_display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2006243107","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2020AAA0108103","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","funder_display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321133","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4388052891.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4388052891.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":84,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W36903255","https://openalex.org/W153084048","https://openalex.org/W2090518410","https://openalex.org/W2100714283","https://openalex.org/W2117228865","https://openalex.org/W2131462252","https://openalex.org/W2151103935","https://openalex.org/W2155302366","https://openalex.org/W2194775991","https://openalex.org/W2320444803","https://openalex.org/W2471962767","https://openalex.org/W2558625610","https://openalex.org/W2561074213","https://openalex.org/W2594519801","https://openalex.org/W2754925132","https://openalex.org/W2804394440","https://openalex.org/W2894971516","https://openalex.org/W2950974964","https://openalex.org/W2951659295","https://openalex.org/W2951870616","https://openalex.org/W2953273646","https://openalex.org/W2963059198","https://openalex.org/W2963674285","https://openalex.org/W2963748588","https://openalex.org/W2963760790","https://openalex.org/W2979458572","https://openalex.org/W2987672160","https://openalex.org/W2988922254","https://openalex.org/W2990655570","https://openalex.org/W3033529678","https://openalex.org/W3034275286","https://openalex.org/W3034411221","https://openalex.org/W3035472788","https://openalex.org/W3035477606","https://openalex.org/W3037798801","https://openalex.org/W3037854993","https://openalex.org/W3043075211","https://openalex.org/W3092135995","https://openalex.org/W3092233714","https://openalex.org/W3096609285","https://openalex.org/W3096678291","https://openalex.org/W3097065222","https://openalex.org/W3131500599","https://openalex.org/W3138516171","https://openalex.org/W3157506437","https://openalex.org/W3166285241","https://openalex.org/W3177265267","https://openalex.org/W3203518786","https://openalex.org/W4221154336","https://openalex.org/W4287666213","https://openalex.org/W4287704453","https://openalex.org/W4287824654","https://openalex.org/W4288347855","https://openalex.org/W4294551350","https://openalex.org/W4297779075","https://openalex.org/W4301454730","https://openalex.org/W4306703235","https://openalex.org/W4309793872","https://openalex.org/W4312548398","https://openalex.org/W4385245566","https://openalex.org/W6601546654","https://openalex.org/W6679224782","https://openalex.org/W6739901393","https://openalex.org/W6742151855","https://openalex.org/W6752208963","https://openalex.org/W6753331806","https://openalex.org/W6755477022","https://openalex.org/W6762945437","https://openalex.org/W6764177528","https://openalex.org/W6764386301","https://openalex.org/W6766222867","https://openalex.org/W6767766851","https://openalex.org/W6771917389","https://openalex.org/W6778485988","https://openalex.org/W6779163297","https://openalex.org/W6779709467","https://openalex.org/W6779835006","https://openalex.org/W6780053115","https://openalex.org/W6781533629","https://openalex.org/W6783308292","https://openalex.org/W6783944145","https://openalex.org/W6784369760","https://openalex.org/W6809705236","https://openalex.org/W6846183290"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2601157893","https://openalex.org/W2373006798","https://openalex.org/W2131735617","https://openalex.org/W2056912418","https://openalex.org/W2033213769","https://openalex.org/W4312376745","https://openalex.org/W2136016640","https://openalex.org/W2049538278","https://openalex.org/W2886173746","https://openalex.org/W4200043248"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"A":[0],"transformer":[1,54,113,199],"can":[2,12,194],"capture":[3],"long-term":[4],"dependencies":[5],"through":[6,153],"an":[7],"attention":[8,43,47,116],"mechanism,":[9],"and":[10,64,131,175,186],"hence,":[11],"be":[13],"applied":[14,98],"to":[15,60,84,101,104],"various":[16],"vision":[17,29,51],"tasks.":[18,203],"However,":[19],"its":[20],"secondary":[21],"computational":[22,77,182],"complexity":[23,78],"is":[24,58,82],"a":[25,45,50,67,106,180],"major":[26],"obstacle":[27],"in":[28,172,201],"tasks":[30],"that":[31,57,159],"require":[32],"accurate":[33],"predictions.":[34],"To":[35],"address":[36],"this":[37,39],"limitation,":[38],"study":[40],"introduces":[41],"linear-window":[42,115],"(LWA),":[44],"new":[46,196],"model":[48],"for":[49,117,184,198],"transformer.":[52],"The":[53,156],"computes":[55],"self-attention":[56],"restricted":[59],"nonoverlapping":[61],"local":[62],"windows":[63],"represented":[65],"as":[66],"linear":[68,85],"dot":[69],"product":[70],"of":[71,79,92,151],"kernel":[72],"feature":[73,102,109,118],"mappings.":[74],"Furthermore,":[75],"the":[76,89,99,122,127,133,138,149,160,191],"each":[80],"window":[81],"reduced":[83],"from":[86,166],"quadratic":[87],"using":[88],"constraint":[90],"property":[91],"matrix":[93],"products.":[94],"In":[95],"addition,":[96],"we":[97,125,136],"LWA":[100,152,193],"matching":[103,110,119,140],"construct":[105],"coarse-to-fine-level":[107],"detector-free":[108],"method,":[111],"called":[112],"with":[114,179],"TRLWAM.":[120],"At":[121],"coarse":[123],"level,":[124,135],"extracted":[126],"dense":[128,164],"pixel-level":[129],"matches,":[130],"at":[132],"fine":[134],"obtained":[137],"final":[139],"results":[141,157,178],"via":[142],"multi-head":[143],"multilayer":[144],"perceptron":[145],"refinement.":[146],"We":[147,189],"demonstrated":[148],"effectiveness":[150],"Replace":[154],"experiments.":[155],"showed":[158],"TRLWAM":[161],"could":[162],"extract":[163],"matches":[165],"low-texture":[167],"or":[168],"repetitive":[169],"pattern":[170],"regions":[171],"indoor":[173],"environments,":[174],"exhibited":[176],"excellent":[177],"low":[181],"cost":[183],"MegaDepth":[185],"HPatches":[187],"datasets.":[188],"believe":[190],"proposed":[192],"provide":[195],"conceptions":[197],"applications":[200],"visual":[202]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-28T07:46:37.118299","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}