{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4388098272","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2023.3328582","title":"Tool Health Classification in Metallic Milling Process Using Acoustic Emission and Long Short-Term Memory Networks: A Deep Learning Approach","display_name":"Tool Health Classification in Metallic Milling Process Using Acoustic Emission and Long Short-Term Memory Networks: A Deep Learning Approach","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4388098272","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2023.3328582"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2023.3328582","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2023.3328582","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/10005208/10299640.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/10005208/10299640.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101894600","display_name":"Fawad Khan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-9859-9675"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I929597975","display_name":"National University of Sciences and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/03w2j5y17","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I929597975"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fawad Khan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Engineering Sciences, National University of Sciences and Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-9859-9675","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Engineering Sciences, National University of Sciences and Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I929597975"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110453319","display_name":"Khurram Kamal","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6988-3807"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I929597975","display_name":"National University of Sciences and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/03w2j5y17","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I929597975"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Khurram Kamal","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Engineering Sciences, National University of Sciences and Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Engineering Sciences, National University of Sciences and Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I929597975"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5059719591","display_name":"Tahir Abdul Hussain Ratlamwala","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3314-5807"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I929597975","display_name":"National University of Sciences and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/03w2j5y17","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I929597975"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tahir Abdul Hussain Ratlamwala","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Engineering Sciences, National University of Sciences and Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3314-5807","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Engineering Sciences, National University of Sciences and Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I929597975"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5009967807","display_name":"Mohammed Alkahtani","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7343-9098"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I28022161","display_name":"King Saud University","ror":"https://ror.org/02f81g417","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I28022161"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mohammed Alkahtani","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Industrial Engineering, College of Engineering, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7343-9098","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Industrial Engineering, College of Engineering, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I28022161"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5008116591","display_name":"Mohammed Almatani","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2619-7951"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I28022161","display_name":"King Saud University","ror":"https://ror.org/02f81g417","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I28022161"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mohammed Almatani","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Industrial Engineering, College of Engineering, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2619-7951","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Industrial Engineering, College of Engineering, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I28022161"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5012240532","display_name":"Senthan Mathavan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7003-2874"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I52590639","display_name":"Nottingham Trent University","ror":"https://ror.org/04xyxjd90","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I52590639"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Senthan Mathavan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Civil and Structural Engineering, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, U.K"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7003-2874","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Civil and Structural Engineering, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I52590639"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":0.8441,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":7,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.6931491,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"11","issue":null,"first_page":"126611","last_page":"126633"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10188","display_name":"Advanced machining processes and optimization","score":0.9986000061035156,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2210","display_name":"Mechanical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10188","display_name":"Advanced machining processes and optimization","score":0.9986000061035156,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2210","display_name":"Mechanical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11451","display_name":"Advanced Machining and Optimization Techniques","score":0.9891999959945679,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12111","display_name":"Industrial Vision Systems and Defect Detection","score":0.9861999750137329,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2209","display_name":"Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6986425518989563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process","display_name":"Process (computing)","score":0.5906065106391907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deep-learning","display_name":"Deep learning","score":0.5692400932312012},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/microphone","display_name":"Microphone","score":0.49779725074768066},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.49244555830955505},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.4510771334171295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.08791038393974304}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6986425518989563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.5906065106391907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.5692400932312012},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778263558","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q46384","display_name":"Microphone","level":3,"score":0.49779725074768066},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.49244555830955505},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.4510771334171295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.08791038393974304},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C68115822","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1068172","display_name":"Sound pressure","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2023.3328582","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2023.3328582","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/10005208/10299640.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:0c751589e2204b77b42b4441f8336cb3","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/0c751589e2204b77b42b4441f8336cb3","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 11, Pp 126611-126633 (2023)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2023.3328582","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2023.3328582","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/10005208/10299640.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7299281149","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"RSP2023R274","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321145","funder_display_name":"King Saud University"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321145","display_name":"King Saud University","ror":"https://ror.org/02f81g417"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4388098272.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4388098272.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":30,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1187105300","https://openalex.org/W1488407762","https://openalex.org/W1655961872","https://openalex.org/W1676091050","https://openalex.org/W1972056001","https://openalex.org/W1973540626","https://openalex.org/W1977315966","https://openalex.org/W1978580942","https://openalex.org/W1979576340","https://openalex.org/W2003947476","https://openalex.org/W2035756154","https://openalex.org/W2044682361","https://openalex.org/W2152745273","https://openalex.org/W2169143248","https://openalex.org/W2404533848","https://openalex.org/W2415754480","https://openalex.org/W2417156194","https://openalex.org/W2489173095","https://openalex.org/W2549972263","https://openalex.org/W2553519116","https://openalex.org/W2597902973","https://openalex.org/W2600291457","https://openalex.org/W2790661307","https://openalex.org/W2793471602","https://openalex.org/W2971203781","https://openalex.org/W2997905955","https://openalex.org/W3028715102","https://openalex.org/W3138559912","https://openalex.org/W3147061871","https://openalex.org/W6922517891"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2731899572","https://openalex.org/W2961085424","https://openalex.org/W3215138031","https://openalex.org/W4306674287","https://openalex.org/W4321369474","https://openalex.org/W3009238340","https://openalex.org/W4360585206","https://openalex.org/W4285208911","https://openalex.org/W3046775127","https://openalex.org/W3082895349"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"manufacturing":[1,99],"industry":[2],"has":[3,166],"experienced":[4],"remarkable":[5],"progress":[6],"as":[7],"a":[8,71,159,167],"result":[9],"of":[10,31,62,77,93,112,178,211,222,247],"integrating":[11],"automated":[12],"and":[13,33,38,89,101,115,153,169,191,193,224,229],"intelligent":[14],"production":[15],"processes":[16,27],"fueled":[17],"by":[18],"technological":[19],"innovation,":[20],"leading":[21],"to":[22,51,59,69,83,198],"substantial":[23],"advancements.":[24],"These":[25,233],"advanced":[26],"involve":[28],"the":[29,45,60,75,78,81,91,110,137,154,162,176,179,195,204,241,245,248],"use":[30,111],"flexible":[32],"high-performance":[34],"machines,":[35],"tackling":[36],"complex":[37],"sophisticated":[39],"processing":[40,46,82],"problems":[41],"with":[42],"ease.":[43],"However,":[44],"performance":[47],"can":[48,57],"deteriorate":[49],"due":[50],"tool":[52,79,95,121],"damage":[53],"or":[54],"malfunction,":[55],"which":[56,134],"lead":[58],"discarding":[61],"workpieces.":[63],"Hence,":[64],"it":[65],"carries":[66],"immense":[67],"importance":[68],"have":[70,107],"close":[72],"look":[73],"over":[74],"condition":[76],"throughout":[80],"proactively":[84],"address":[85],"any":[86],"potential":[87,168],"issues":[88],"minimize":[90],"possibility":[92],"significant":[94],"failures,":[96],"particularly":[97],"when":[98],"intricate":[100],"costly":[102],"machine":[103,113],"components.":[104],"Many":[105],"researchers":[106],"looked":[108],"at":[109],"learning":[114,117,146],"deep":[116,145],"approaches":[118],"for":[119,133,183,213,226],"monitoring":[120],"condition.":[122],"In":[123,173],"this":[124],"study,":[125,175],"we":[126],"are":[127],"incorporating":[128],"time":[129],"series":[130],"sequential":[131],"data":[132,156],"LSTM":[135],"is":[136],"best":[138],"opted":[139],"technique.":[140],"It":[141],"further":[142],"explains,":[143],"how":[144],"using":[147],"Long":[148],"Short-Term":[149],"Memory":[150],"Networks":[151],"(LSTM)":[152],"acoustic":[155],"acquired":[157],"through":[158],"microphone":[160],"during":[161],"metallic":[163],"milling":[164],"process":[165],"achieved":[170,206],"impressive":[171],"results.":[172],"our":[174],"accuracy":[177,210],"model":[180,205],"was":[181],"assessed":[182],"different":[184],"workpiece":[185],"materials,":[186],"including":[187],"Aluminum,":[188],"Mild":[189,227],"Steel,":[190],"Brass,":[192],"demonstrated":[194],"model\u2019s":[196],"ability":[197],"make":[199],"highly":[200],"accurate":[201],"predictions.":[202],"Specifically,":[203],"an":[207],"average":[208],"test":[209,220],"99.03%":[212],"Aluminum":[214],"workpieces,":[215,231],"while":[216],"achieving":[217],"very":[218],"good":[219],"accuracies":[221],"97.16%":[223],"97.83%":[225],"Steel":[228],"Brass":[230],"respectively.":[232],"results":[234],"were":[235],"benchmarked":[236],"against":[237],"previous":[238],"work":[239],"in":[240],"same":[242],"domain,":[243],"confirming":[244],"efficacy":[246],"model.":[249]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}