{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4387609318","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2023.3324402","title":"Empirical Study for Open Source Libraries in Automotive Software Systems","display_name":"Empirical Study for Open Source Libraries in Automotive Software Systems","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4387609318","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2023.3324402"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2023.3324402","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2023.3324402","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/10285109.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/10285109.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5030703853","display_name":"Yanan Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0142-5652"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210094894","display_name":"China Automotive Technology and Research Center","ror":"https://ror.org/00r5r6807","country_code":"CN","type":"other","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210094894"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yanan Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Automotive Data of China (Tianjin) Company Ltd., Tianjin, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Automotive Data of China (Tianjin) Company Ltd., Tianjin, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210094894"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5091898012","display_name":"Yuqiao Ning","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9368-0185"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210094894","display_name":"China Automotive Technology and Research Center","ror":"https://ror.org/00r5r6807","country_code":"CN","type":"other","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210094894"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yuqiao Ning","raw_affiliation_strings":["CATARC Intelligent and Connected Technology Company Ltd., Tianjin, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9368-0185","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"CATARC Intelligent and Connected Technology Company Ltd., Tianjin, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210094894"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5074711543","display_name":"Chao Ma","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3325-7318"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210094894","display_name":"China Automotive Technology and Research Center","ror":"https://ror.org/00r5r6807","country_code":"CN","type":"other","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210094894"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chao Ma","raw_affiliation_strings":["CATARC Intelligent and Connected Technology Company Ltd., Tianjin, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"CATARC Intelligent and Connected Technology Company Ltd., Tianjin, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210094894"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5031974718","display_name":"Longhai Yu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-9096-8992"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210094894","display_name":"China Automotive Technology and Research Center","ror":"https://ror.org/00r5r6807","country_code":"CN","type":"other","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210094894"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Longhai Yu","raw_affiliation_strings":["CATARC Intelligent and Connected Technology Company Ltd., Tianjin, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-9096-8992","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"CATARC Intelligent and Connected Technology Company Ltd., Tianjin, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210094894"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100329580","display_name":"Zhen Guo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6563-5934"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210094894","display_name":"China Automotive Technology and Research Center","ror":"https://ror.org/00r5r6807","country_code":"CN","type":"other","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210094894"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhen Guo","raw_affiliation_strings":["CATARC Intelligent and Connected Technology Company Ltd., Tianjin, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"CATARC Intelligent and Connected Technology Company Ltd., Tianjin, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210094894"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210094894"],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":2.8772,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":7,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.92391709,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"11","issue":null,"first_page":"123717","last_page":"123728"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10260","display_name":"Software Engineering Research","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10260","display_name":"Software Engineering Research","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11675","display_name":"Open Source Software Innovations","score":0.996399998664856,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1706","display_name":"Computer Science Applications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11241","display_name":"Advanced Malware Detection Techniques","score":0.9926000237464905,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/automotive-industry","display_name":"Automotive industry","score":0.7606697082519531},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/firmware","display_name":"Firmware","score":0.7144885659217834},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6583529710769653},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software","display_name":"Software","score":0.5550508499145508},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-engineering","display_name":"Software engineering","score":0.4849141240119934},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.4784167408943176},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/open-source","display_name":"Open source","score":0.41636717319488525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.1861865222454071}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C526921623","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190117","display_name":"Automotive industry","level":2,"score":0.7606697082519531},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C67212190","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q104851","display_name":"Firmware","level":2,"score":0.7144885659217834},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6583529710769653},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777904410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7397","display_name":"Software","level":2,"score":0.5550508499145508},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115903868","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80993","display_name":"Software engineering","level":1,"score":0.4849141240119934},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.4784167408943176},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3018397939","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3644502","display_name":"Open source","level":3,"score":0.41636717319488525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.1861865222454071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146978453","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3798668","display_name":"Aerospace engineering","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2023.3324402","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2023.3324402","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/10285109.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:7191a995225e42d1a8efd7e760538851","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/7191a995225e42d1a8efd7e760538851","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 11, Pp 123717-123728 (2023)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2023.3324402","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2023.3324402","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/10285109.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.6399999856948853,"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4387609318.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4387609318.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":25,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1715846772","https://openalex.org/W2090624793","https://openalex.org/W2136128399","https://openalex.org/W2296146910","https://openalex.org/W2594655792","https://openalex.org/W2618014206","https://openalex.org/W2762844179","https://openalex.org/W2766078311","https://openalex.org/W2796466931","https://openalex.org/W2810054634","https://openalex.org/W2963055550","https://openalex.org/W3015184307","https://openalex.org/W3160189022","https://openalex.org/W3161799213","https://openalex.org/W3200506265","https://openalex.org/W4224245093","https://openalex.org/W4284690592","https://openalex.org/W4297648349","https://openalex.org/W4313327243","https://openalex.org/W4383215759","https://openalex.org/W4384154537","https://openalex.org/W4384345724","https://openalex.org/W4384927215","https://openalex.org/W4387055195","https://openalex.org/W6734804979"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2582981600","https://openalex.org/W4389238932","https://openalex.org/W4387467152","https://openalex.org/W3010413952","https://openalex.org/W4212885212","https://openalex.org/W4379115910","https://openalex.org/W4287635472","https://openalex.org/W4253989935","https://openalex.org/W2354251310","https://openalex.org/W126953346"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Open-source":[0],"software":[1,7,26,47,61,82],"has":[2],"revolutionized":[3],"the":[4,22,44,54,78,100,119,138,150,168],"field":[5],"of":[6,24,59,80,133,170],"development,":[8],"providing":[9],"a":[10],"collaborative":[11],"and":[12,19,37,57,73,88,98,102,146],"transparent":[13],"approach":[14],"that":[15,33,118],"encourages":[16],"knowledge":[17],"sharing":[18],"innovation.":[20],"However,":[21],"adoption":[23],"open-source":[25,46,60],"in":[27,62,109,137],"automotive":[28,63,84,96,120,164],"systems":[29,111],"introduces":[30],"security":[31,165],"concerns":[32],"require":[34],"careful":[35],"scrutiny":[36],"management.":[38],"While":[39],"previous":[40],"studies":[41,75],"have":[42],"investigated":[43],"general":[45],"ecosystem,":[48],"this":[49,157],"paper":[50],"focuses":[51],"specifically":[52],"on":[53,83,127],"unique":[55],"characteristics":[56],"challenges":[58],"vehicles.":[64],"To":[65],"achieve":[66],"these":[67],"goals,":[68],"we":[69],"examine":[70],"real-world":[71,95],"examples":[72],"case":[74],"to":[76,104,162],"analyze":[77],"impact":[79],"opensource":[81],"systems.":[85],"We":[86],"extracted":[87],"collected":[89],"4092":[90],"open":[91,124,172],"source":[92,125,173],"components":[93,108,126],"from":[94,149],"firmware":[97,121],"compared":[99],"differences":[101],"similarities":[103],"20010":[105],"commonly":[106,151],"used":[107,152],"operating":[110],"such":[112],"as":[113],"Linux.":[114],"The":[115],"results":[116],"show":[117],"contains":[122],"79.8":[123],"average,":[128],"which":[129],"account":[130],"for":[131],"15.84%":[132],"all":[134],"binary":[135],"files":[136],"firmware.":[139],"Moreover,":[140],"61.15%":[141],"detected":[142],"libraries":[143],"are":[144,147],"automotive-specific":[145,171],"different":[148],"components.":[153],"By":[154],"gaining":[155],"insights":[156],"research":[158],"provides":[159],"valuable":[160],"recommendations":[161],"improve":[163],"by":[166],"building":[167],"database":[169],"libraries.":[174]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}