{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4387587586","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2023.3324055","title":"Variable Leakage Flux Permanent Magnet Synchronous Machine PM Temperature Estimation Based on PM Flux Linkage","display_name":"Variable Leakage Flux Permanent Magnet Synchronous Machine PM Temperature Estimation Based on PM Flux Linkage","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4387587586","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2023.3324055"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2023.3324055","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2023.3324055","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/10283834.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/10283834.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5038464643","display_name":"Diego F. Laborda","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2790-7027"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I165339363","display_name":"Universidad de Oviedo","ror":"https://ror.org/006gksa02","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I165339363"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Diego F. Laborda","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical, Computer and Systems Engineering, University of Oviedo, Gijón, Spain"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2790-7027","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical, Computer and Systems Engineering, University of Oviedo, Gijón, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165339363"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5084984548","display_name":"David Reigosa","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7304-0845"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I165339363","display_name":"Universidad de Oviedo","ror":"https://ror.org/006gksa02","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I165339363"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"David Reigosa","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical, Computer and Systems Engineering, University of Oviedo, Gijón, Spain"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7304-0845","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical, Computer and Systems Engineering, University of Oviedo, Gijón, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165339363"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068080497","display_name":"Daniel Fern\u00e1ndez","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8490-8766"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I165339363","display_name":"Universidad de Oviedo","ror":"https://ror.org/006gksa02","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I165339363"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Daniel Fern\u00e1ndez","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical, Computer and Systems Engineering, University of Oviedo, Gijón, Spain"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8490-8766","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical, Computer and Systems Engineering, University of Oviedo, Gijón, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165339363"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5040755888","display_name":"Kensuke Sasaki","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6343-3669"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210110524","display_name":"Nissan (Japan)","ror":"https://ror.org/01nks1c62","country_code":"JP","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210110524"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kensuke Sasaki","raw_affiliation_strings":["EV System Laboratory, Nissan Motor Company Ltd., Kanagawa, Atsugi, Japan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"EV System Laboratory, Nissan Motor Company Ltd., Kanagawa, Atsugi, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210110524"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5082708331","display_name":"Takashi Kato","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3179-5315"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210110524","display_name":"Nissan (Japan)","ror":"https://ror.org/01nks1c62","country_code":"JP","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210110524"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Takashi Kato","raw_affiliation_strings":["EV System Laboratory, Nissan Motor Company Ltd., Kanagawa, Atsugi, Japan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"EV System Laboratory, Nissan Motor Company Ltd., Kanagawa, Atsugi, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210110524"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5049589890","display_name":"Fernando Briz","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6658-8746"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I165339363","display_name":"Universidad de Oviedo","ror":"https://ror.org/006gksa02","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I165339363"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fernando Briz","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical, Computer and Systems Engineering, University of Oviedo, Gijón, Spain"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6658-8746","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical, Computer and Systems Engineering, University of Oviedo, Gijón, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165339363"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5038464643"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165339363"],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":0.5064,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":4,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.64765013,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"11","issue":null,"first_page":"112620","last_page":"112630"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10278","display_name":"Electric Motor Design and Analysis","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10278","display_name":"Electric Motor Design and Analysis","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10504","display_name":"Sensorless Control of Electric Motors","score":0.9976000189781189,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12898","display_name":"Induction Heating and Inverter Technology","score":0.996399998664856,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2210","display_name":"Mechanical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/magnetic-flux-leakage","display_name":"Magnetic flux leakage","score":0.8105105757713318},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/flux-linkage","display_name":"Flux linkage","score":0.7672415375709534},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/magnet","display_name":"Magnet","score":0.6250705122947693},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/flux","display_name":"Flux (metallurgy)","score":0.5096175670623779},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control-theory","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","score":0.4595225751399994},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/magnetic-flux","display_name":"Magnetic flux","score":0.43487727642059326},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/leakage","display_name":"Leakage (economics)","score":0.4155789613723755},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/direct-torque-control","display_name":"Direct torque control","score":0.4074045419692993},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/materials-science","display_name":"Materials science","score":0.35468846559524536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.31643691658973694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.27935636043548584},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.20536094903945923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.19329455494880676},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/voltage","display_name":"Voltage","score":0.11882331967353821},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/induction-motor","display_name":"Induction motor","score":0.09278985857963562},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/magnetic-field","display_name":"Magnetic field","score":0.07921189069747925},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.06579282879829407}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C20892748","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4390394","display_name":"Magnetic flux leakage","level":3,"score":0.8105105757713318},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C155343825","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4374882","display_name":"Flux linkage","level":5,"score":0.7672415375709534},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C16389437","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11421","display_name":"Magnet","level":2,"score":0.6250705122947693},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C68709404","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1134475","display_name":"Flux (metallurgy)","level":2,"score":0.5096175670623779},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47446073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165890","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","level":3,"score":0.4595225751399994},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C157479481","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q177831","display_name":"Magnetic flux","level":3,"score":0.43487727642059326},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777042071","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6509304","display_name":"Leakage (economics)","level":2,"score":0.4155789613723755},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C109871850","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1227571","display_name":"Direct torque control","level":4,"score":0.4074045419692993},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.35468846559524536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.31643691658973694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.27935636043548584},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.20536094903945923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.19329455494880676},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165801399","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25428","display_name":"Voltage","level":2,"score":0.11882331967353821},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80962145","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207450","display_name":"Induction motor","level":3,"score":0.09278985857963562},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115260700","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11408","display_name":"Magnetic field","level":2,"score":0.07921189069747925},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.06579282879829407},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775924081","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55608371","display_name":"Control (management)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C191897082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11467","display_name":"Metallurgy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139719470","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39680","display_name":"Macroeconomics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2023.3324055","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2023.3324055","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/10283834.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:8d36857f323d45908e1ad17b659c25b3","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/8d36857f323d45908e1ad17b659c25b3","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 11, Pp 112620-112630 (2023)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2023.3324055","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2023.3324055","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/10283834.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.6399999856948853,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","display_name":"Affordable and clean energy"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321965","display_name":"Nissan Motor Company","ror":"https://ror.org/01nks1c62"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4387587586.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4387587586.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":33,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W50271627","https://openalex.org/W2008243413","https://openalex.org/W2033986929","https://openalex.org/W2083883851","https://openalex.org/W2087313215","https://openalex.org/W2091790393","https://openalex.org/W2103120754","https://openalex.org/W2147972962","https://openalex.org/W2162325874","https://openalex.org/W2177475920","https://openalex.org/W2177548293","https://openalex.org/W2246764792","https://openalex.org/W2295131177","https://openalex.org/W2505336559","https://openalex.org/W2530120025","https://openalex.org/W2550838053","https://openalex.org/W2564770269","https://openalex.org/W2577838391","https://openalex.org/W2590098637","https://openalex.org/W2596997902","https://openalex.org/W2768268765","https://openalex.org/W2790989204","https://openalex.org/W2794401293","https://openalex.org/W2898173258","https://openalex.org/W2914273054","https://openalex.org/W2941645027","https://openalex.org/W2945812707","https://openalex.org/W2981878078","https://openalex.org/W3014200685","https://openalex.org/W3095165673","https://openalex.org/W3168722294","https://openalex.org/W3175954988","https://openalex.org/W4237030930"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1976520621","https://openalex.org/W2380608580","https://openalex.org/W2171732752","https://openalex.org/W2008676668","https://openalex.org/W2124993922","https://openalex.org/W2351481361","https://openalex.org/W2357927501","https://openalex.org/W2372331836","https://openalex.org/W2071604476","https://openalex.org/W2350140507"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,85,125],"performance":[1],"of":[2,14,22,39,47,55,58,64,82,109,123],"Permanent":[3,16],"Magnet":[4],"Synchronous":[5],"Machines":[6],"(PMSMs)":[7],"is":[8,25,52,146],"significantly":[9],"influenced":[10],"by":[11,115],"the":[12,15,35,43,59,62,70,73,80,107,117,134,149,158],"temperature":[13,24,33,71,89,112,154],"Magnets":[17],"(PMs).":[18],"Therefore,":[19],"accurate":[20],"knowledge":[21],"PM":[23,88,101,111,120,129],"necessary":[26],"for":[27,94],"control":[28],"and":[29,41],"monitoring":[30],"purposes.":[31],"As":[32],"rises,":[34],"magnetic":[36],"flux":[37,102,121,130],"strength":[38],"PMs,":[40],"consequently":[42],"torque":[44,83],"production":[45],"capability":[46],"PMSMs,":[48],"diminishes.":[49],"Moreover,":[50],"there":[51],"a":[53,138],"risk":[54],"irreversible":[56],"demagnetization":[57],"PMs.":[60],"In":[61],"case":[63],"Variable":[65],"Leakage":[66],"Flux":[67],"PMSMs":[68],"(VLF-PMSMs),":[69],"impacts":[72],"machine\u2019s":[74,135,159],"variable":[75,99,118],"leakage":[76,100,119],"property,":[77],"potentially":[78],"compromising":[79],"accuracy":[81],"control.":[84],"current":[86,142],"state-of-the-art":[87],"estimation":[90,113,155],"methods":[91,114],"are":[92],"unsuitable":[93],"VLF-PMSMs":[95],"due":[96],"to":[97,137],"their":[98],"characteristics.":[103],"This":[104,144],"paper":[105],"addresses":[106],"limitations":[108],"existing":[110],"incorporating":[116],"property":[122],"VLF-PMSMs.":[124],"proposed":[126],"method":[127],"utilizes":[128],"linkage":[131],"derived":[132],"from":[133],"response":[136],"small-amplitude,":[139],"low-frequency,":[140],"quasi-square-wave":[141],"signal.":[143],"signal":[145],"superimposed":[147],"onto":[148],"fundamental":[150],"excitation,":[151],"enabling":[152],"online":[153],"without":[156],"altering":[157],"operation.":[160]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-05-06T08:25:59.206177","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}