{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4387385686","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2023.3322369","title":"Hybrid Metaheuristics With Machine Learning Based Botnet Detection in Cloud Assisted Internet of Things Environment","display_name":"Hybrid Metaheuristics With Machine Learning Based Botnet Detection in Cloud Assisted Internet of Things Environment","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4387385686","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2023.3322369"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2023.3322369","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2023.3322369","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2023.3322369","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5071032802","display_name":"Latifah Almuqren","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I106778892","display_name":"Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University","ror":"https://ror.org/05b0cyh02","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I106778892"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Latifah Almuqren","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Information Systems, College of Computer and Information Sciences, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia","Department of Information Systems, College of Computer and Information Sciences, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6815-926X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Information Systems, College of Computer and Information Sciences, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I106778892"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Information Systems, College of Computer and Information Sciences, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I106778892"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5085667966","display_name":"Hamed Alqahtani","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6427-7768"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I82952536","display_name":"King Khalid University","ror":"https://ror.org/052kwzs30","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I82952536"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hamed Alqahtani","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Information Systems, College of Computer Science, Center of Artificial Intelligence, Unit of Cybersecurity, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Information Systems, College of Computer Science, Center of Artificial Intelligence, Unit of Cybersecurity, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82952536"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5004658615","display_name":"Sumayh S. Aljameel","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8246-4658"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210143841","display_name":"Saudi Aramco (Saudi Arabia)","ror":"https://ror.org/03ypap427","country_code":"SA","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210143841"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76571253","display_name":"Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University","ror":"https://ror.org/038cy8j79","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76571253"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sumayh S. Aljameel","raw_affiliation_strings":["Saudi Aramco Cybersecurity Chair, Computer Science Department, College of Computer Science and Information Technology, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia","SAUDI ARAMCO Cybersecurity Chair, Computer Science Department, College of Computer Science and Information Technology, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 1982, Dammam, Saudi Arabia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8246-4658","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Saudi Aramco Cybersecurity Chair, Computer Science Department, College of Computer Science and Information Technology, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210143841","https://openalex.org/I76571253"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"SAUDI ARAMCO Cybersecurity Chair, Computer Science Department, College of Computer Science and Information Technology, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 1982, Dammam, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210143841","https://openalex.org/I76571253"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5024079346","display_name":"Ahmed S. Salama","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1066-8261"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I186217134","display_name":"Future University in Egypt","ror":"https://ror.org/03s8c2x09","country_code":"EG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I186217134"]}],"countries":["EG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ahmed S. Salama","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Technology, Future University in Egypt, New Cairo, Egypt"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Technology, Future University in Egypt, New Cairo, Egypt","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I186217134"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5021639521","display_name":"Ishfaq Yaseen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6949-1122"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I142608572","display_name":"Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University","ror":"https://ror.org/04jt46d36","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I142608572"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ishfaq Yaseen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer and Self Development, Preparatory Year Deanship, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj, Saudi Arabia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6949-1122","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer and Self Development, Preparatory Year Deanship, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142608572"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5030591303","display_name":"Amani A. Alneil","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I142608572","display_name":"Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University","ror":"https://ror.org/04jt46d36","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I142608572"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Amani A. Alneil","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer and Self Development, Preparatory Year Deanship, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj, Saudi Arabia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer and Self Development, Preparatory Year Deanship, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142608572"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":7.0173,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":37,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.97426585,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"11","issue":null,"first_page":"115668","last_page":"115676"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10400","display_name":"Network Security and Intrusion Detection","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10400","display_name":"Network Security and Intrusion Detection","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11241","display_name":"Advanced Malware Detection Techniques","score":0.9991999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11598","display_name":"Internet Traffic Analysis and Secure E-voting","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8564099073410034},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/botnet","display_name":"Botnet","score":0.841793417930603},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cloud-computing","display_name":"Cloud computing","score":0.7614399194717407},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convolutional-neural-network","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","score":0.58230060338974},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.5533514022827148},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5506255030632019},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/metaheuristic","display_name":"Metaheuristic","score":0.5080773830413818},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/intrusion-detection-system","display_name":"Intrusion detection system","score":0.4962969422340393},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hyperparameter","display_name":"Hyperparameter","score":0.43960049748420715},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/the-internet","display_name":"The Internet","score":0.3578210473060608},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.08386960625648499}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8564099073410034},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C22735295","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q317671","display_name":"Botnet","level":3,"score":0.841793417930603},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79974875","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q483639","display_name":"Cloud computing","level":2,"score":0.7614399194717407},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81363708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17084460","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","level":2,"score":0.58230060338974},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.5533514022827148},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5506255030632019},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C109718341","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1385229","display_name":"Metaheuristic","level":2,"score":0.5080773830413818},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C35525427","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q745881","display_name":"Intrusion detection system","level":2,"score":0.4962969422340393},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C8642999","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4171168","display_name":"Hyperparameter","level":2,"score":0.43960049748420715},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110875604","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q75","display_name":"The Internet","level":2,"score":0.3578210473060608},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.08386960625648499}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2023.3322369","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2023.3322369","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:3d9d881450284d0392a8972d925b83ef","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/3d9d881450284d0392a8972d925b83ef","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 11, Pp 115668-115676 (2023)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2023.3322369","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2023.3322369","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1417813150","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"RGP2/159/44","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320324433","funder_display_name":"King Khalid University"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322484","display_name":"Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University","ror":"https://ror.org/05b0cyh02"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320324433","display_name":"King Khalid University","ror":"https://ror.org/052kwzs30"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":32,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W140742851","https://openalex.org/W1987392793","https://openalex.org/W2799758613","https://openalex.org/W2956839102","https://openalex.org/W2983270658","https://openalex.org/W2984585015","https://openalex.org/W3005260862","https://openalex.org/W3012573129","https://openalex.org/W3122864121","https://openalex.org/W3133516607","https://openalex.org/W3159151987","https://openalex.org/W3163858611","https://openalex.org/W3174291889","https://openalex.org/W3207661059","https://openalex.org/W4213021774","https://openalex.org/W4220850595","https://openalex.org/W4224019109","https://openalex.org/W4225916836","https://openalex.org/W4226059379","https://openalex.org/W4229001209","https://openalex.org/W4285167041","https://openalex.org/W4286373821","https://openalex.org/W4306918433","https://openalex.org/W4309635195","https://openalex.org/W4311089294","https://openalex.org/W4311262316","https://openalex.org/W4313478653","https://openalex.org/W4313889240","https://openalex.org/W4318482847","https://openalex.org/W4377691173","https://openalex.org/W4381950930","https://openalex.org/W6605691406"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2294483539","https://openalex.org/W2378449000","https://openalex.org/W3187581118","https://openalex.org/W2938399969","https://openalex.org/W2616994865","https://openalex.org/W3143747655","https://openalex.org/W2002178493","https://openalex.org/W4206951940","https://openalex.org/W4382602594","https://openalex.org/W4387850423"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Botnet":[0,36,90,111],"detection":[1,59,107],"in":[2,94,113],"a":[3,11,83,136],"cloud-aided":[4,33],"Internet":[5],"of":[6,49,110,165,180],"Things":[7],"(IoT)":[8],"environment":[9],"is":[10,161],"tedious":[12],"process,":[13,154],"meanwhile,":[14],"IoT":[15,34,98,116],"gadgets":[16],"are":[17,70],"extremely":[18],"vulnerable":[19],"to":[20,23],"attacks":[21,112],"due":[22],"poor":[24],"security":[25,67],"practices":[26],"and":[27,44,65,77,108,173],"limited":[28],"computing":[29],"resources.":[30],"In":[31,118],"the":[32,95,106,114,119,150,155,170,174,178,181],"environment,":[35],"can":[37,53],"be":[38,54],"identified":[39],"by":[40,56],"monitoring":[41],"network":[42,140,143],"traffic":[43],"analyzing":[45],"it":[46],"for":[47,72,128,146],"signs":[48],"malicious":[50],"activity.":[51],"It":[52],"performed":[55],"using":[57],"intrusion":[58],"systems,":[60],"machine":[61],"learning":[62],"(ML)":[63],"algorithms,":[64],"other":[66,185],"tools":[68],"that":[69],"devised":[71],"identifying":[73],"known":[74],"botnet":[75,147],"behaviors":[76],"signatures.":[78],"Therefore,":[79],"this":[80],"study":[81],"presents":[82],"Hybrid":[84],"Metaheuristics":[85],"with":[86],"Machine":[87],"Learning":[88],"based":[89],"Detection":[91],"(HMMLB-BND)":[92],"method":[93],"Cloud":[96],"Aided":[97],"environment.":[99,117],"The":[100,132],"projected":[101],"HMMLB-BND":[102,121,133,182],"technique":[103,183],"focuses":[104],"on":[105,169],"classification":[109],"cloud-based":[115],"presented":[120],"technique,":[122],"modified":[123],"firefly":[124],"optimization":[125,158],"(MFFO)":[126],"algorithm":[127,134,159],"feature":[129],"selection":[130],"purposes.":[131],"uses":[135],"hybrid":[137],"convolutional":[138],"neural":[139,142],"(CNN)-quasi-recurrent":[141],"(QRNN)":[144],"module":[145],"detection.":[148],"For":[149],"optimal":[151],"hyperparameter":[152],"tuning":[153],"chaotic":[156],"butterfly":[157],"(CBOA)":[160],"employed.":[162],"A":[163],"series":[164],"simulations":[166],"were":[167],"made":[168],"N-BaIoT":[171],"dataset":[172],"experimental":[175],"outcomes":[176],"stated":[177],"significance":[179],"over":[184],"existing":[186],"approaches.":[187]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":21},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
