{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4387385692","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2023.3322363","title":"Where2Stand: Toward a Framework for Portrait Position Recommendation in Photography","display_name":"Where2Stand: Toward a Framework for Portrait Position Recommendation in Photography","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4387385692","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2023.3322363"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2023.3322363","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/access.2023.3322363","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/access.2023.3322363","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5032211156","display_name":"Zhenquan Shi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6091-3918"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I198091727","display_name":"Tiangong University","ror":"https://ror.org/00xsr9m91","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I198091727"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Zhenquan Shi","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Software Engineering, Tiangong University, Tianjin, China","School of Software Engineering, Tiangong University, No. 399 Binshui Road, Tianjin, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Software Engineering, Tiangong University, Tianjin, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I198091727"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Software Engineering, Tiangong University, No. 399 Binshui Road, Tianjin, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I198091727"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5014238193","display_name":"Qinggang Hou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-9648-6282"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I198091727","display_name":"Tiangong University","ror":"https://ror.org/00xsr9m91","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I198091727"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qinggang Hou","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Technology, Tiangong University, Tianjin, China","School of Computer Science and Technology, Tiangong University, No. 399 Binshui Road, Tianjin, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-9648-6282","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Technology, Tiangong University, Tianjin, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I198091727"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Technology, Tiangong University, No. 399 Binshui Road, Tianjin, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I198091727"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111330010","display_name":"Guanjun Sheng","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I198091727","display_name":"Tiangong University","ror":"https://ror.org/00xsr9m91","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I198091727"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Guanjun Sheng","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Technology, Tiangong University, Tianjin, China","School of Computer Science and Technology, Tiangong University, No. 399 Binshui Road, Tianjin, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Technology, Tiangong University, Tianjin, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I198091727"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Technology, Tiangong University, No. 399 Binshui Road, Tianjin, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I198091727"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5028463238","display_name":"Yongzhen Ke","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2792-8728"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I198091727","display_name":"Tiangong University","ror":"https://ror.org/00xsr9m91","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I198091727"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yongzhen Ke","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Technology, Tiangong University, Tianjin, China","School of Computer Science and Technology, Tiangong University, No. 399 Binshui Road, Tianjin, China","National Demonstration Center for Experimental Engineering Training Education, Tianjin, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2792-8728","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Technology, Tiangong University, Tianjin, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I198091727"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Technology, Tiangong University, No. 399 Binshui Road, Tianjin, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I198091727"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Demonstration Center for Experimental Engineering Training Education, Tianjin, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100437056","display_name":"Kai Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7870-9998"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I198091727","display_name":"Tiangong University","ror":"https://ror.org/00xsr9m91","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I198091727"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kai Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Technology, Tiangong University, Tianjin, China","School of Computer Science and Technology, Tiangong University, No. 399 Binshui Road, Tianjin, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7870-9998","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Technology, Tiangong University, Tianjin, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I198091727"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Technology, Tiangong University, No. 399 Binshui Road, Tianjin, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I198091727"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Yungang Jia","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210108629","display_name":"Computer Network Information Center","ror":"https://ror.org/01s0wyf50","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210108629"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yungang Jia","raw_affiliation_strings":["Tianjin Branch of National Computer Network and Information Security Management Center, Tianjin, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Tianjin Branch of National Computer Network and Information Security Management Center, Tianjin, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210108629"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5032211156"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I198091727"],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":0.1158,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.41664168,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":95},"biblio":{"volume":"11","issue":null,"first_page":"108864","last_page":"108875"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10627","display_name":"Advanced Image and Video Retrieval Techniques","score":0.9947999715805054,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10627","display_name":"Advanced Image and Video Retrieval Techniques","score":0.9947999715805054,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10775","display_name":"Generative Adversarial Networks and Image Synthesis","score":0.9901999831199646,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10824","display_name":"Image Retrieval and Classification Techniques","score":0.9815000295639038,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/portrait","display_name":"Portrait","score":0.9290366172790527},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7162073254585266},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/photography","display_name":"Photography","score":0.6087278723716736},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.5047353506088257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.4798716604709625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/position","display_name":"Position (finance)","score":0.4711037278175354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-graphics","display_name":"Computer graphics (images)","score":0.34015101194381714},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.2880229949951172},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/visual-arts","display_name":"Visual arts","score":0.19578292965888977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/art","display_name":"Art","score":0.1673533320426941},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/archaeology","display_name":"Archaeology","score":0.1253029704093933}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162462552","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q134307","display_name":"Portrait","level":2,"score":0.9290366172790527},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7162073254585266},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119657128","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11633","display_name":"Photography","level":2,"score":0.6087278723716736},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.5047353506088257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4798716604709625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C198082294","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3399648","display_name":"Position (finance)","level":2,"score":0.4711037278175354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121684516","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7600677","display_name":"Computer graphics (images)","level":1,"score":0.34015101194381714},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.2880229949951172},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153349607","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36649","display_name":"Visual arts","level":1,"score":0.19578292965888977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142362112","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q735","display_name":"Art","level":0,"score":0.1673533320426941},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.1253029704093933},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10138342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43015","display_name":"Finance","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2023.3322363","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/access.2023.3322363","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:f78a126f9e5a4f6f8b583986dd6190b6","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/f78a126f9e5a4f6f8b583986dd6190b6","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 11, Pp 108864-108875 (2023)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2023.3322363","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/access.2023.3322363","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.75,"display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":40,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1965418044","https://openalex.org/W2016874194","https://openalex.org/W2048647542","https://openalex.org/W2081253602","https://openalex.org/W2085552516","https://openalex.org/W2085948715","https://openalex.org/W2133665775","https://openalex.org/W2471768434","https://openalex.org/W2529436507","https://openalex.org/W2554403209","https://openalex.org/W2904785373","https://openalex.org/W2938671123","https://openalex.org/W2942564876","https://openalex.org/W2962770929","https://openalex.org/W2962793481","https://openalex.org/W2963073614","https://openalex.org/W2963263706","https://openalex.org/W2964024144","https://openalex.org/W2964082390","https://openalex.org/W2967819436","https://openalex.org/W3018757597","https://openalex.org/W3035574324","https://openalex.org/W3093139858","https://openalex.org/W3096831136","https://openalex.org/W3110387477","https://openalex.org/W3120823278","https://openalex.org/W3164455552","https://openalex.org/W3173657020","https://openalex.org/W3174807077","https://openalex.org/W3176674719","https://openalex.org/W4200559159","https://openalex.org/W4283804702","https://openalex.org/W4307956823","https://openalex.org/W4311248899","https://openalex.org/W4313061091","https://openalex.org/W4319663754","https://openalex.org/W6762128116","https://openalex.org/W6777046832","https://openalex.org/W6797179183","https://openalex.org/W6797238004"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3169920643","https://openalex.org/W2360001249","https://openalex.org/W594086971","https://openalex.org/W4383739071","https://openalex.org/W2315550989","https://openalex.org/W2141684174","https://openalex.org/W27177127","https://openalex.org/W2358709380","https://openalex.org/W2950297322","https://openalex.org/W3156796406"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Composition":[0],"layout":[1],"is":[2,50,70,95,131],"crucial":[3],"in":[4,183],"the":[5,25,47,51,67,71,78,83,88,96,110,113,117,122,127,135,138,190],"portrait":[6,20,37,52,59,85,103,114,148,184],"location":[7,38,81],"recommendation":[8,39],"of":[9,27,44,82],"photography.":[10],"The":[11,92,159],"existing":[12],"studies":[13],"require":[14],"both":[15],"landscape":[16,90,104,118,142,149,181,185],"background":[17,119],"images":[18,61],"and":[19,80,116,140,155],"foreground":[21,60,115],"images,":[22],"which":[23,41,55,75,106,187],"limits":[24],"scope":[26],"practical":[28],"applications.":[29],"In":[30],"this":[31],"paper,":[32],"we":[33],"propose":[34],"an":[35],"end-to-end":[36],"model,":[40],"mainly":[42,76],"consists":[43],"three":[45],"sub-networks:":[46],"first":[48],"sub-networks":[49,69,94],"generation":[53],"network,":[54,74],"generates":[56],"relatively":[57,173],"real":[58],"based":[62,86],"on":[63,87,162],"random":[64],"input":[65,89,141],"noise;":[66],"second":[68],"spatial":[72],"transformation":[73],"changes":[77],"size":[79],"generated":[84,139],"image;":[91],"third":[93],"compose":[97],"network":[98],"to":[99,153],"generate":[100],"a":[101,147,172,180],"realistic":[102],"image,":[105],"considers":[107],"not":[108],"only":[109,178],"correlation":[111],"between":[112,137],"but":[120],"also":[121,145],"overall":[123],"composition":[124],"aesthetics.":[125],"Last,":[126],"proper":[128],"standing":[129,175],"position":[130,176],"obtained":[132],"by":[133,177],"computing":[134],"difference":[136],"images.":[143],"We":[144],"construct":[146],"photo":[150],"dataset":[151,164],"PLDataset":[152],"train":[154],"verify":[156],"our":[157,163,167],"method.":[158],"experimental":[160],"results":[161],"show":[165],"that":[166],"proposed":[168],"method":[169],"can":[170],"recommend":[171],"reasonable":[174],"providing":[179],"image":[182],"photography,":[186],"greatly":[188],"increases":[189],"availability.":[191]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-05-06T08:25:59.206177","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}