{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4387350596","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2023.3321650","title":"The Metaverse: Applications, Concerns, Technical Challenges, Future Directions and Recommendations","display_name":"The Metaverse: Applications, Concerns, Technical Challenges, Future Directions and Recommendations","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4387350596","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2023.3321650"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2023.3321650","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2023.3321650","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/10271369.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/10271369.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5006021564","display_name":"Haider Raad","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1124-1753"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I194120229","display_name":"Xavier University","ror":"https://ror.org/00f266q65","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I194120229"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Haider Raad","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Physics, Xavier University, Cincinnati, OH, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1124-1753","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Physics, Xavier University, Cincinnati, OH, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I194120229"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5015836136","display_name":"Fryad Rashid","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1114-5040"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2801278263","display_name":"Komar University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05azws991","country_code":"IQ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2801278263"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3133014862","display_name":"Sulaimani Polytechnic University","ror":"https://ror.org/05v9vy052","country_code":"IQ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3133014862"]}],"countries":["IQ"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fryad Khalid M. Rashid","raw_affiliation_strings":["Technical College of Engineering, Sulaimani Polytechnic University, Sulaimani, Kurdistan, Iraq","Computer Engineering Department, Komar University of Science and Technology, Sulaimani, Kurdistan Region, Iraq","Technical College of Engineering, Sulaimani Polytechnic University, Sulaimani, Kurdistan Region, Iraq"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1114-5040","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Technical College of Engineering, Sulaimani Polytechnic University, Sulaimani, Kurdistan, Iraq","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3133014862"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computer Engineering Department, Komar University of Science and Technology, Sulaimani, Kurdistan Region, Iraq","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2801278263"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Technical College of Engineering, Sulaimani Polytechnic University, Sulaimani, Kurdistan Region, Iraq","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3133014862"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":2.624,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":17,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.90199712,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":98,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"11","issue":null,"first_page":"110850","last_page":"110861"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10648","display_name":"Virtual Reality Applications and Impacts","score":0.9965000152587891,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1709","display_name":"Human-Computer Interaction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10648","display_name":"Virtual Reality Applications and Impacts","score":0.9965000152587891,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1709","display_name":"Human-Computer Interaction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10273","display_name":"IoT and Edge/Fog Computing","score":0.9932000041007996,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11241","display_name":"Advanced Malware Detection Techniques","score":0.9628999829292297,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/metaverse","display_name":"Metaverse","score":0.8151540756225586},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6608158349990845},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fantasy","display_name":"Fantasy","score":0.5301595330238342},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/misconduct","display_name":"Misconduct","score":0.45067620277404785},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-science","display_name":"Data science","score":0.42916280031204224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human\u2013computer-interaction","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","score":0.3361974060535431},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/virtual-reality","display_name":"Virtual reality","score":0.15427541732788086},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/political-science","display_name":"Political science","score":0.12574630975723267},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/law","display_name":"Law","score":0.08854064345359802},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.08021596074104309}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C53332860","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2632041","display_name":"Metaverse","level":3,"score":0.8151540756225586},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6608158349990845},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C534859617","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5434357","display_name":"Fantasy","level":2,"score":0.5301595330238342},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780587575","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6875295","display_name":"Misconduct","level":2,"score":0.45067620277404785},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2522767166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2374463","display_name":"Data science","level":1,"score":0.42916280031204224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107457646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207434","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","level":1,"score":0.3361974060535431},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C194969405","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170519","display_name":"Virtual reality","level":2,"score":0.15427541732788086},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.12574630975723267},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.08854064345359802},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.08021596074104309}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2023.3321650","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2023.3321650","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/10271369.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:dc9193be954a4cd89bdca8923365e3cc","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/dc9193be954a4cd89bdca8923365e3cc","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 11, Pp 110850-110861 (2023)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2023.3321650","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2023.3321650","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/10271369.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","score":0.5099999904632568}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320313385","display_name":"John Hauck Foundation","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4387350596.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4387350596.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":35,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2170086054","https://openalex.org/W2395465087","https://openalex.org/W2891552604","https://openalex.org/W2899375779","https://openalex.org/W2915784834","https://openalex.org/W2941408004","https://openalex.org/W2969883136","https://openalex.org/W2980587176","https://openalex.org/W3030554886","https://openalex.org/W3031086278","https://openalex.org/W3031329498","https://openalex.org/W3134691234","https://openalex.org/W3135769625","https://openalex.org/W3160311615","https://openalex.org/W3161212815","https://openalex.org/W4206484811","https://openalex.org/W4223925765","https://openalex.org/W4225433534","https://openalex.org/W4226225860","https://openalex.org/W4281395978","https://openalex.org/W4285369247","https://openalex.org/W4288073028","https://openalex.org/W4312100473","https://openalex.org/W4312387851","https://openalex.org/W4312445956","https://openalex.org/W4312474588","https://openalex.org/W4312864667","https://openalex.org/W4312882039","https://openalex.org/W4312949427","https://openalex.org/W4313291084","https://openalex.org/W4313484984","https://openalex.org/W4318953579","https://openalex.org/W4320024340","https://openalex.org/W4376851166","https://openalex.org/W6848540504"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3216300146","https://openalex.org/W3127722453","https://openalex.org/W2992396219","https://openalex.org/W1996975712","https://openalex.org/W2481088567","https://openalex.org/W2002005917","https://openalex.org/W3083408804","https://openalex.org/W2982140289","https://openalex.org/W3016341461","https://openalex.org/W1603079183"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"Metaverse":[1,56,114,126,139,157],"is":[2,51,72],"all":[3],"about":[4],"expanding":[5],"connectivity":[6],"amongst":[7],"users":[8],"and":[9,11,15,31,41,48,65,85,112,121,135,148],"objects":[10],"seamlessly":[12],"delivering":[13],"information":[14],"services":[16],"to":[17,93],"the":[18,22,37,55,88,91,100,110,118,125,131,138,142,145,150,156],"right":[19,23],"user":[20],"at":[21],"time.":[24],"Its":[25],"potential":[26,101],"advantages":[27],"are":[28,34,42],"virtually":[29],"limitless,":[30],"its":[32],"applications":[33,115],"progressively":[35],"changing":[36],"way":[38],"we":[39],"live,":[40],"opening":[43],"new":[44,66],"opportunities":[45,82,134],"for":[46,83,154],"innovation":[47],"growth.":[49],"It":[50],"crystal":[52],"clear":[53],"that":[54,103],"can":[57],"enable":[58],"fully":[59],"immersive":[60],"experience,":[61],"elements":[62],"of":[63,68,99,137],"fantasy,":[64],"degrees":[67],"freedom.":[69],"However,":[70],"it":[71,77,129],"still":[73],"considered":[74],"controversial":[75],"since":[76],"will":[78,104],"also":[79],"open":[80],"up":[81],"misconduct":[84],"crime.":[86],"Furthermore,":[87,128],"industry":[89],"lacks":[90],"capacity":[92],"carry":[94],"out":[95],"a":[96],"comprehensive":[97],"study":[98],"risks":[102],"come":[105],"along.":[106],"This":[107],"paper":[108,143],"highlights":[109,149],"current":[111],"envisioned":[113],"along":[116],"with":[117],"main":[119],"concerns":[120],"challenges":[122],"faced":[123],"by":[124],"stakeholders.":[127],"examines":[130],"strengths,":[132],"weakness,":[133],"threats":[136],"technology.":[140],"Finally,":[141],"presents":[144],"future":[146],"directions":[147],"most":[151],"important":[152],"recommendations":[153],"developing":[155],"systems.":[158]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":7}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}