{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4387092429","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2023.3320048","title":"Detection of Biotic or Abiotic Stress in Vineyards Using Thermal and RGB Images Captured via IoT Sensors","display_name":"Detection of Biotic or Abiotic Stress in Vineyards Using Thermal and RGB Images Captured via IoT Sensors","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4387092429","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2023.3320048"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2023.3320048","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2023.3320048","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/10265270.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/10265270.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5056167842","display_name":"Georgios Fevgas","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6218-6689"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I183898223","display_name":"International Hellenic University","ror":"https://ror.org/00708jp83","country_code":"GR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I183898223"]}],"countries":["GR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Georgios Fevgas","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, International Hellenic University, Kavala, Greece"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6218-6689","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, International Hellenic University, Kavala, Greece","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183898223"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5066475089","display_name":"\u0398\u03c9\u03bc\u03ac\u03c2 \u039b\u03ac\u03b3\u03ba\u03b1\u03c2","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0749-9794"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I183898223","display_name":"International Hellenic University","ror":"https://ror.org/00708jp83","country_code":"GR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I183898223"]}],"countries":["GR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Thomas Lagkas","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, International Hellenic University, Kavala, Greece"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0749-9794","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, International Hellenic University, Kavala, Greece","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183898223"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5013565466","display_name":"Vasileios Argyriou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4679-8049"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I205051169","display_name":"Kingston University","ror":"https://ror.org/05bbqza97","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205051169"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Vasileios Argyriou","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Networks and Digital Media, Kingston University, Surrey, U.K"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4679-8049","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Networks and Digital Media, Kingston University, Surrey, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I205051169"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5050756789","display_name":"Panagiotis Sarigiannidis","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6042-0355"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I89506807","display_name":"University of Western Macedonia","ror":"https://ror.org/00a5pe906","country_code":"GR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I89506807"]}],"countries":["GR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Panagiotis Sarigiannidis","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Western Macedonia, Kozani, Greece","Department of Informatics and Telecommunication Engineering, University of Western Macedonia, Kozani, Greece"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6042-0355","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Western Macedonia, Kozani, Greece","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I89506807"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Informatics and Telecommunication Engineering, University of Western Macedonia, Kozani, Greece","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I89506807"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":4.8035,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":21,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.95139938,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"11","issue":null,"first_page":"105902","last_page":"105915"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10111","display_name":"Remote Sensing in Agriculture","score":0.9988999962806702,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2303","display_name":"Ecology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10111","display_name":"Remote Sensing in Agriculture","score":0.9988999962806702,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2303","display_name":"Ecology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11164","display_name":"Remote Sensing and LiDAR Applications","score":0.9977999925613403,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10616","display_name":"Smart Agriculture and AI","score":0.9884999990463257,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1110","display_name":"Plant Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multispectral-image","display_name":"Multispectral image","score":0.817101776599884},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/canopy","display_name":"Canopy","score":0.6933778524398804},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/abiotic-component","display_name":"Abiotic component","score":0.6495425701141357},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rgb-color-model","display_name":"RGB color model","score":0.6278997659683228},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.5993449687957764},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-science","display_name":"Environmental science","score":0.5336533188819885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pixel","display_name":"Pixel","score":0.5326233506202698},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/precision-agriculture","display_name":"Precision agriculture","score":0.4778192341327667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.4418449401855469},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/abiotic-stress","display_name":"Abiotic stress","score":0.4318038821220398},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.3489648699760437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/botany","display_name":"Botany","score":0.1622350811958313},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.13055187463760376},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biology","display_name":"Biology","score":0.12955719232559204},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ecology","display_name":"Ecology","score":0.1224290132522583},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/agriculture","display_name":"Agriculture","score":0.11756768822669983}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173163844","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1761440","display_name":"Multispectral image","level":2,"score":0.817101776599884},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C101000010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5033434","display_name":"Canopy","level":2,"score":0.6933778524398804},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C132215390","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q461335","display_name":"Abiotic component","level":2,"score":0.6495425701141357},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C82990744","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q166194","display_name":"RGB color model","level":2,"score":0.6278997659683228},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.5993449687957764},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.5336533188819885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160633673","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q355198","display_name":"Pixel","level":2,"score":0.5326233506202698},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120217122","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q740083","display_name":"Precision agriculture","level":3,"score":0.4778192341327667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4418449401855469},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89519541","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4667893","display_name":"Abiotic stress","level":3,"score":0.4318038821220398},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.3489648699760437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59822182","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q441","display_name":"Botany","level":1,"score":0.1622350811958313},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.13055187463760376},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.12955719232559204},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.1224290132522583},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118518473","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11451","display_name":"Agriculture","level":2,"score":0.11756768822669983},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2023.3320048","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2023.3320048","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/10265270.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:9f456d637de24e29bf1ff00104944885","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/9f456d637de24e29bf1ff00104944885","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 11, Pp 105902-105915 (2023)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:eprints.kingston.ac.uk:54757","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://eprints.kingston.ac.uk/id/eprint/54757/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400991","display_name":"Research Repository (Kingston University London)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I2801636071","host_organization_name":"Kingston Hospital NHS Trust","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2801636071"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2023.3320048","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2023.3320048","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/10265270.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.6700000166893005,"display_name":"Zero hunger","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/2"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320318628","display_name":"Hellenic Academic Libraries Link","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4387092429.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4387092429.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":58,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W602008857","https://openalex.org/W886773902","https://openalex.org/W1693171120","https://openalex.org/W1699316354","https://openalex.org/W1822357580","https://openalex.org/W1826924714","https://openalex.org/W1975662680","https://openalex.org/W1977070490","https://openalex.org/W1983640974","https://openalex.org/W1983818779","https://openalex.org/W1991739869","https://openalex.org/W1993306306","https://openalex.org/W1995029758","https://openalex.org/W1998943389","https://openalex.org/W2019819424","https://openalex.org/W2027563724","https://openalex.org/W2039967670","https://openalex.org/W2044252996","https://openalex.org/W2057106128","https://openalex.org/W2062982970","https://openalex.org/W2069209512","https://openalex.org/W2071525319","https://openalex.org/W2074464158","https://openalex.org/W2082787951","https://openalex.org/W2083577646","https://openalex.org/W2093290384","https://openalex.org/W2094458446","https://openalex.org/W2097536090","https://openalex.org/W2097615691","https://openalex.org/W2099838915","https://openalex.org/W2100844912","https://openalex.org/W2103959917","https://openalex.org/W2117793557","https://openalex.org/W2125046577","https://openalex.org/W2126143576","https://openalex.org/W2129037866","https://openalex.org/W2133059825","https://openalex.org/W2133125644","https://openalex.org/W2153958436","https://openalex.org/W2158851109","https://openalex.org/W2178471458","https://openalex.org/W2302952123","https://openalex.org/W2548258044","https://openalex.org/W2614543892","https://openalex.org/W2615516218","https://openalex.org/W2754833306","https://openalex.org/W2809262461","https://openalex.org/W2889409554","https://openalex.org/W2903526012","https://openalex.org/W2917194424","https://openalex.org/W2944973963","https://openalex.org/W2953207352","https://openalex.org/W2954900235","https://openalex.org/W2979824366","https://openalex.org/W2982146672","https://openalex.org/W3095096348","https://openalex.org/W4229368345","https://openalex.org/W6638699925"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2131040395","https://openalex.org/W3033694412","https://openalex.org/W3156153093","https://openalex.org/W2387952510","https://openalex.org/W4365805892","https://openalex.org/W3133007940","https://openalex.org/W4387854787","https://openalex.org/W3198284362","https://openalex.org/W2008091757","https://openalex.org/W3162832816"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,31,124,137,157,205],"abiotic":[1,210],"and":[2,21,25,40,83,94,172,211,216,242],"biotic":[3,212],"plant":[4,16,35,73],"stress":[5,17,36,74],"is":[6,49,61,127,140,177,192,262],"a":[7,59,119,173],"critical":[8],"factor":[9],"for":[10,51,81,115,129],"the":[11,23,28,52,63,66,69,130,135,143,148,153,162,180,184,198,202,219,226,235,248,256,259,267,270],"agriculture":[12],"industry,":[13],"considering":[14,254],"that":[15,255],"increases":[18],"production":[19],"costs":[20],"reduces":[22],"quantity":[24],"quality":[26],"of":[27,34,45,72,103,121,147,161,175,183,201,251,258,269],"output":[29],"product.":[30],"early":[32,57,70],"detection":[33,71],"using":[37],"new":[38],"technologies":[39],"even":[41],"more":[42],"utilizing":[43],"Internet":[44],"Things":[46],"(IoT)":[47],"sensors":[48,102],"significant":[50],"growers":[53],"to":[54,151],"act":[55],"as":[56,58,78],"problem":[60],"in":[62,118,142,179,266],"nascent.":[64],"Furthermore,":[65],"insights":[67],"from":[68,108,134],"can":[75],"be":[76],"used":[77,128,141],"actionable":[79],"data":[80],"fertilization":[82],"pesticide":[84],"optimization.":[85],"Our":[86],"proposed":[87,236,260],"state-of-the-art":[88],"method":[89,126,237,261],"uses":[90],"Thermal":[91],"Infrared":[92],"(TIR)":[93],"high-resolution":[95],"visible-spectrum":[96],"(RGB)":[97],"images":[98],"acquired":[99],"by":[100,209,273],"IoT":[101],"Unmanned":[104],"Aerial":[105],"Vehicles":[106],"(UAVs)":[107],"two":[109,116,249,271],"experiment":[110],"vineyards":[111],"(Vitis":[112],"vinifera":[113],"L.)":[114],"years":[117,250,272],"total":[120],"twelve":[122],"flights.":[123],"OTSU":[125],"plants\u2019":[131],"canopy":[132,150],"isolation":[133],"soil.":[136],"k-Means":[138],"clustering":[139],"relative":[144],"temperature":[145],"values":[146],"plant\u2019s":[149],"detect":[152],"leaves\u2019":[154,167],"stomatal":[155],"closure.":[156],"clusters\u2019":[158],"pixel":[159],"coordinates":[160],"TIR":[163],"image,":[164],"which":[165,224],"represents":[166],"stressed":[168,199,206],"areas,":[169],"are":[170],"used,":[171],"pseudo-coloring":[174,196],"yellow":[176,195],"assigned":[178],"corresponding":[181],"pixels":[182],"aligned":[185],"RGB":[186,190],"image.":[187],"Finally,":[188,234],"an":[189],"image":[191],"generated":[193],"with":[194,218],"over":[197],"areas":[200],"vineyards\u2019":[203],"canopy.":[204],"plants":[207],"caused":[208],"factors":[213],"were":[214],"validated":[215],"compared":[217],"Triangular":[220],"Greenness":[221],"Index":[222],"(TGI),":[223],"measures":[225],"leaf":[227],"chlorophyll":[228],"content":[229],"like":[230],"other":[231],"multispectral":[232],"indexes.":[233],"shows":[238],"significantly":[239],"higher":[240],"accuracy":[241],"precision":[243],"than":[244,264],"TGI":[245,265],"based":[246],"on":[247],"experimentation":[252],"results,":[253],"F1-score":[257],"better":[263],"cumulative":[268],"70.55%.":[274]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}