{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4387092410","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2023.3320038","title":"Exploiting Contextual Word Embedding for Identification of Important Citations: Incorporating Section-Wise Citation Counts and Metadata Features","display_name":"Exploiting Contextual Word Embedding for Identification of Important Citations: Incorporating Section-Wise Citation Counts and Metadata Features","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4387092410","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2023.3320038"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2023.3320038","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2023.3320038","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/10265274.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/10265274.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101969239","display_name":"Arshad Iqbal","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-9301-5901"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I178777954","display_name":"Kohat University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/057d2v504","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I178777954"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Arshad Iqbal","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Computing, Kohat University of Science and Technology, Kohat, Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-9301-5901","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Computing, Kohat University of Science and Technology, Kohat, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I178777954"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5041925949","display_name":"Abdul Shahid","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6291-2641"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I178777954","display_name":"Kohat University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/057d2v504","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I178777954"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Abdul Shahid","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Computing, Kohat University of Science and Technology, Kohat, Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Computing, Kohat University of Science and Technology, Kohat, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I178777954"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5046694463","display_name":"Muhammad Roman","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9035-2426"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I178777954","display_name":"Kohat University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/057d2v504","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I178777954"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Muhammad Roman","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Computing, Kohat University of Science and Technology, Kohat, Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9035-2426","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Computing, Kohat University of Science and Technology, Kohat, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I178777954"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5108009280","display_name":"Muhammad Tanvir Afzal","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9765-8815"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I179531654","display_name":"Shifa Tameer-e-Millat University","ror":"https://ror.org/021p6rb08","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I179531654"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Muhammad Tanvir Afzal","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computing, Faculty of Computing, Shifa Tameer-e-Millat University, Islamabad, Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computing, Faculty of Computing, Shifa Tameer-e-Millat University, Islamabad, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I179531654"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101443643","display_name":"Muhammad Yahya","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5766-5172"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I188760350","display_name":"Ollscoil na Gaillimhe \u2013 University of Galway","ror":"https://ror.org/03bea9k73","country_code":"IE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I188760350"]}],"countries":["IE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Muhammad Yahya","raw_affiliation_strings":["Data Science Institute, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5766-5172","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Data Science Institute, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I188760350"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":0.4759,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.69305441,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"11","issue":null,"first_page":"114044","last_page":"114060"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10028","display_name":"Topic Modeling","score":0.9970999956130981,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10028","display_name":"Topic Modeling","score":0.9970999956130981,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13083","display_name":"Advanced Text Analysis Techniques","score":0.9887999892234802,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11710","display_name":"Biomedical Text Mining and Ontologies","score":0.9883999824523926,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/metadata","display_name":"Metadata","score":0.8156095743179321},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8075326681137085},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/word-embedding","display_name":"Word embedding","score":0.754280686378479},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/information-retrieval","display_name":"Information retrieval","score":0.660400390625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/context","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","score":0.6242588758468628},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/word2vec","display_name":"Word2vec","score":0.5589715242385864},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/citation","display_name":"Citation","score":0.5515871644020081},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/benchmark","display_name":"Benchmark (surveying)","score":0.5139543414115906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deep-learning","display_name":"Deep learning","score":0.505563497543335},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/word","display_name":"Word (group theory)","score":0.4588068723678589},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-science","display_name":"Data science","score":0.4517461955547333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/citation-analysis","display_name":"Citation analysis","score":0.4489525854587555},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.41711288690567017},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language-processing","display_name":"Natural language processing","score":0.37332189083099365},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedding","display_name":"Embedding","score":0.25753381848335266},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/world-wide-web","display_name":"World Wide Web","score":0.25748658180236816}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C93518851","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180160","display_name":"Metadata","level":2,"score":0.8156095743179321},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8075326681137085},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777462759","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18395344","display_name":"Word embedding","level":3,"score":0.754280686378479},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23123220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q816826","display_name":"Information retrieval","level":1,"score":0.660400390625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779343474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109175","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.6242588758468628},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776461190","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q22673982","display_name":"Word2vec","level":3,"score":0.5589715242385864},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778805511","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1713","display_name":"Citation","level":2,"score":0.5515871644020081},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185798385","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1161707","display_name":"Benchmark (surveying)","level":2,"score":0.5139543414115906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.505563497543335},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90805587","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10944557","display_name":"Word (group theory)","level":2,"score":0.4588068723678589},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2522767166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2374463","display_name":"Data science","level":1,"score":0.4517461955547333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105345328","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q206276","display_name":"Citation analysis","level":3,"score":0.4489525854587555},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.41711288690567017},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.37332189083099365},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41608201","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q980509","display_name":"Embedding","level":2,"score":0.25753381848335266},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.25748658180236816},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13280743","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131089","display_name":"Geodesy","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2023.3320038","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2023.3320038","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/10265274.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:815cf9d09093490f93f2f59c85432ce8","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/815cf9d09093490f93f2f59c85432ce8","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 11, Pp 114044-114060 (2023)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2023.3320038","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2023.3320038","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/10265274.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4387092410.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4387092410.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":61,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1015675232","https://openalex.org/W1491247056","https://openalex.org/W1510478425","https://openalex.org/W1602102908","https://openalex.org/W1799284535","https://openalex.org/W1982077547","https://openalex.org/W1986959058","https://openalex.org/W1997423738","https://openalex.org/W2005207065","https://openalex.org/W2019350849","https://openalex.org/W2019753053","https://openalex.org/W2070437482","https://openalex.org/W2081857800","https://openalex.org/W2088336913","https://openalex.org/W2099811601","https://openalex.org/W2115984558","https://openalex.org/W2140548485","https://openalex.org/W2148143831","https://openalex.org/W2150569271","https://openalex.org/W2188264341","https://openalex.org/W2191466049","https://openalex.org/W2493916176","https://openalex.org/W2573225424","https://openalex.org/W2724398475","https://openalex.org/W2767293220","https://openalex.org/W2798503473","https://openalex.org/W2801708802","https://openalex.org/W2808556605","https://openalex.org/W2859124246","https://openalex.org/W2901949610","https://openalex.org/W2910803270","https://openalex.org/W2911286998","https://openalex.org/W2918649722","https://openalex.org/W2922551710","https://openalex.org/W2954505044","https://openalex.org/W2962815673","https://openalex.org/W3005588140","https://openalex.org/W3009817544","https://openalex.org/W3011086770","https://openalex.org/W3013727132","https://openalex.org/W3022478400","https://openalex.org/W3025741191","https://openalex.org/W3080675693","https://openalex.org/W3104426032","https://openalex.org/W3120655260","https://openalex.org/W3124533288","https://openalex.org/W3140122636","https://openalex.org/W3169992079","https://openalex.org/W3180779372","https://openalex.org/W4205096450","https://openalex.org/W4220949780","https://openalex.org/W4245785204","https://openalex.org/W4292261869","https://openalex.org/W4294367149","https://openalex.org/W6605798791","https://openalex.org/W6680398408","https://openalex.org/W6686951375","https://openalex.org/W6745701479","https://openalex.org/W6747248625","https://openalex.org/W6760540336","https://openalex.org/W6777220064"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2946409105","https://openalex.org/W2905749112","https://openalex.org/W3152932816","https://openalex.org/W2985392712","https://openalex.org/W4388996947","https://openalex.org/W2798009317","https://openalex.org/W3101154008","https://openalex.org/W3099354896","https://openalex.org/W4287599800","https://openalex.org/W2890749918"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Finding":[0],"relevant":[1],"research":[2,59,80,86,151],"papers":[3],"is":[4],"a":[5,33,103,210,215,255],"challenging":[6],"task":[7],"due":[8],"to":[9,45,110,192],"the":[10,22,28,38,41,84,122,131,205,227,238,250],"enormous":[11],"number":[12],"of":[13,30,40,133,170,218,243,258],"scientific":[14,23],"publications":[15],"published":[16],"each":[17],"year.":[18],"In":[19,149],"recent":[20],"years,":[21],"community":[24],"has":[25,90,144],"delved":[26],"into":[27],"analysis":[29,169],"citations":[31,98,113],"at":[32],"deep":[34,134,181,228],"level,":[35],"specifically":[36],"examining":[37],"content":[39],"papers,":[42],"in":[43,141,241],"order":[44],"identify":[46,111],"more":[47],"important":[48,112],"documents.":[49],"Citations":[50],"serve":[51],"as":[52,71],"potential":[53],"parameters":[54],"for":[55,66,221],"determining":[56,76],"linkages":[57],"between":[58],"articles.":[60],"They":[61],"have":[62,107],"been":[63,91,108,146],"extensively":[64,147],"used":[65],"various":[67],"academic":[68],"purposes,":[69],"such":[70],"calculating":[72],"journal":[73],"impact":[74],"factors,":[75],"researchers\u2019":[77],"h-index,":[78],"allocating":[79],"grants,":[81],"and":[82,118,137,166,188,204,246],"identifying":[83],"latest":[85],"trends.":[87],"However,":[88],"it":[89],"argued":[92],"by":[93],"researchers":[94],"that":[95,213,226],"not":[96,145],"all":[97],"are":[99],"equally":[100],"influential.":[101],"As":[102],"result,":[104],"alternative":[105],"techniques":[106,140],"proposed":[109],"based":[114,157],"on":[115,158,200],"content,":[116],"metadata,":[117],"bibliographic":[119],"information.":[120],"Nevertheless,":[121],"current":[123],"state-of-the-art":[124,252],"approaches":[125],"still":[126],"require":[127],"further":[128],"improvement.":[129],"Additionally,":[130],"use":[132],"learning":[135,182,229],"models":[136,183],"word":[138,190,235],"embedding":[139,236],"this":[142,150],"context":[143],"studied.":[148],"work,":[152],"we":[153],"propose":[154],"an":[155],"approach":[156],"two":[159,201],"primary":[160],"modules:":[161],"1)":[162],"Section-wise":[163],"citation":[164,171,194],"count,":[165],"2)":[167],"metadata-based":[168],"intent.":[172],"Our":[173,223],"study":[174,212],"also":[175],"involves":[176],"conducting":[177],"several":[178],"experiments":[179,197],"using":[180],"combined":[184],"with":[185,209,233,254],"FastText,":[186],"word2vec,":[187],"BERT-based":[189],"embeddings":[191],"perform":[193],"analysis.":[195],"These":[196],"were":[198,207],"conducted":[199],"benchmark":[202],"datasets,":[203],"results":[206,240],"compared":[208],"contemporary":[211],"employed":[214],"rich":[216],"set":[217],"content-based":[219],"features":[220],"classification.":[222],"findings":[224],"indicate":[225],"CNN":[230],"model":[231,253],"coupled":[232],"FastText":[234],"achieves":[237],"best":[239],"terms":[242],"accuracy,":[244],"precision,":[245],"recall.":[247],"It":[248],"outperforms":[249],"existing":[251],"precision":[256],"score":[257],"0.":[259],"97.":[260]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
