{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4386903416","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2023.3317799","title":"Analyzing Replay Attack Impact in DC Microgrid Consensus Control: Detection and Mitigation by Kalman-Filter-Based Observer","display_name":"Analyzing Replay Attack Impact in DC Microgrid Consensus Control: Detection and Mitigation by Kalman-Filter-Based Observer","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4386903416","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2023.3317799"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2023.3317799","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2023.3317799","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/10256105.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/10256105.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101561145","display_name":"Md Abu Taher","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7136-179X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19700959","display_name":"Florida International University","ror":"https://ror.org/02gz6gg07","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19700959"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Md. Abu Taher","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19700959"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5073778483","display_name":"Mohd Tariq","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5162-7626"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19700959","display_name":"Florida International University","ror":"https://ror.org/02gz6gg07","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19700959"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mohd Tariq","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19700959"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5045365471","display_name":"Milad Behnamfar","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0003-0284-7221"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19700959","display_name":"Florida International University","ror":"https://ror.org/02gz6gg07","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19700959"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Milad Behnamfar","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19700959"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5010427742","display_name":"Arif I. Sarwat","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1179-438X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19700959","display_name":"Florida International University","ror":"https://ror.org/02gz6gg07","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19700959"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Arif I. Sarwat","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19700959"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5101561145"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19700959"],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":5.8517,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":32,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.96834372,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"11","issue":null,"first_page":"121368","last_page":"121378"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10917","display_name":"Smart Grid Security and Resilience","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10917","display_name":"Smart Grid Security and Resilience","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10223","display_name":"Microgrid Control and Optimization","score":0.996999979019165,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10603","display_name":"Smart Grid Energy Management","score":0.9668999910354614,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/microgrid","display_name":"Microgrid","score":0.8851318955421448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7784274816513062},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-generation","display_name":"Distributed generation","score":0.5775428414344788},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/kalman-filter","display_name":"Kalman filter","score":0.5599572658538818},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/observer","display_name":"Observer (physics)","score":0.493056982755661},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/matlab","display_name":"MATLAB","score":0.4456614851951599},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/replay-attack","display_name":"Replay attack","score":0.44103625416755676},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/real-time-computing","display_name":"Real-time computing","score":0.33446651697158813},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control","display_name":"Control (management)","score":0.32694071531295776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.2858407199382782},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/renewable-energy","display_name":"Renewable energy","score":0.2777556777000427},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.13354191184043884},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.08428573608398438}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776784348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5762595","display_name":"Microgrid","level":3,"score":0.8851318955421448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7784274816513062},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C544738498","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q861135","display_name":"Distributed generation","level":3,"score":0.5775428414344788},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C157286648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q846780","display_name":"Kalman filter","level":2,"score":0.5599572658538818},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780704645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9251458","display_name":"Observer (physics)","level":2,"score":0.493056982755661},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780365114","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q169478","display_name":"MATLAB","level":2,"score":0.4456614851951599},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11560541","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1756025","display_name":"Replay attack","level":3,"score":0.44103625416755676},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.33446651697158813},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775924081","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55608371","display_name":"Control (management)","level":2,"score":0.32694071531295776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.2858407199382782},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188573790","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12705","display_name":"Renewable energy","level":2,"score":0.2777556777000427},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.13354191184043884},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.08428573608398438},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C109297577","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161157","display_name":"Password","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2023.3317799","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2023.3317799","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/10256105.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:ab01a6f105b5485d9f2deba2ea7cbab6","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/ab01a6f105b5485d9f2deba2ea7cbab6","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 11, Pp 121368-121378 (2023)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2023.3317799","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2023.3317799","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/10256105.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","score":0.7799999713897705,"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4386903416.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4386903416.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":46,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2762321225","https://openalex.org/W2793390887","https://openalex.org/W2804503657","https://openalex.org/W2898131553","https://openalex.org/W2941038413","https://openalex.org/W2954877955","https://openalex.org/W2963966962","https://openalex.org/W2977733636","https://openalex.org/W3082437751","https://openalex.org/W3115200090","https://openalex.org/W3133607822","https://openalex.org/W3159384946","https://openalex.org/W3161935441","https://openalex.org/W3172696285","https://openalex.org/W3199743083","https://openalex.org/W3207002850","https://openalex.org/W3216261980","https://openalex.org/W4206113793","https://openalex.org/W4206739991","https://openalex.org/W4210866578","https://openalex.org/W4214575784","https://openalex.org/W4226162031","https://openalex.org/W4252393745","https://openalex.org/W4285165230","https://openalex.org/W4285384017","https://openalex.org/W4289532657","https://openalex.org/W4292969609","https://openalex.org/W4292998654","https://openalex.org/W4293317155","https://openalex.org/W4308092056","https://openalex.org/W4308310020","https://openalex.org/W4309004307","https://openalex.org/W4309757756","https://openalex.org/W4313411272","https://openalex.org/W4319458235","https://openalex.org/W4321465866","https://openalex.org/W4327796929","https://openalex.org/W4360584165","https://openalex.org/W4361791881","https://openalex.org/W4361792124","https://openalex.org/W4361802004","https://openalex.org/W4377224508","https://openalex.org/W4377293741","https://openalex.org/W4378450477","https://openalex.org/W6807042383","https://openalex.org/W6851259971"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4210780382","https://openalex.org/W2057975886","https://openalex.org/W4308700935","https://openalex.org/W2355150740","https://openalex.org/W1570369983","https://openalex.org/W2906602677","https://openalex.org/W2051053503","https://openalex.org/W195896717","https://openalex.org/W3112588909","https://openalex.org/W1993958856"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"paper":[1,78],"adopts":[2],"a":[3,9,36,41,55],"Direct":[4],"Current":[5],"(DC)":[6],"Microgrid":[7],"with":[8,137],"consensus-based":[10],"secondary":[11,100],"control":[12,67,101],"strategy":[13],"to":[14,39,53,71,124],"efficiently":[15],"manage":[16],"the":[17,50,65,72,84,87,126,138,155],"microgrid,":[18],"ensuring":[19],"precise":[20],"voltage":[21],"regulation":[22],"and":[23,48,69,104,150],"fair":[24],"power":[25],"distribution":[26],"among":[27],"Distributed":[28,92,110],"Energy":[29],"Resources":[30],"(DERs).":[31],"The":[32,77],"consensus":[33],"approach":[34],"employs":[35],"communication":[37,88],"network":[38],"establish":[40],"Cyber":[42],"layer":[43],"for":[44,114],"DER":[45],"information":[46],"exchange":[47],"harmonize":[49],"entire":[51],"system":[52,68,74],"achieve":[54],"common":[56],"goal.":[57],"However,":[58],"this":[59],"cyber":[60],"layer\u2019s":[61],"vulnerability":[62],"could":[63],"destabilize":[64],"interconnected":[66,91],"lead":[70],"whole":[73],"being":[75],"unsynchronized.":[76],"explores":[79],"replay":[80],"attacks":[81],"conducted":[82,145],"in":[83],"path":[85],"of":[86],"link":[89],"between":[90],"Generation":[93],"Units":[94],"(DGUs),":[95],"demonstrating":[96],"their":[97],"impact":[98],"on":[99],"using":[102,134],"simulations":[103,149],"real-time":[105,127,151],"experiments.":[106],"A":[107],"method":[108],"leveraging":[109],"Kalman":[111],"Filter":[112],"observers":[113],"attack":[115,131],"detection":[116],"is":[117,141,144],"proposed":[118,156],"which":[119],"requires":[120],"low":[121],"computational":[122],"demand":[123],"suit":[125],"application,":[128],"while":[129],"an":[130],"mitigation":[132],"technique":[133],"observer-generated":[135],"residues":[136],"optimal":[139],"condition":[140],"implemented.":[142],"Validation":[143],"through":[146],"both":[147],"MATLAB":[148],"OPAL-RT":[152],"experiments,":[153],"confirming":[154],"system\u2019s":[157],"effectiveness.":[158]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":20},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-03-27T05:58:40.876381","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
