{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4386883061","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2023.3317348","title":"Systematic Development of AI-Enabled Diagnostic Systems for Glaucoma and Diabetic Retinopathy","display_name":"Systematic Development of AI-Enabled Diagnostic Systems for Glaucoma and Diabetic Retinopathy","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4386883061","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2023.3317348"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2023.3317348","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2023.3317348","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2023.3317348","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5014562556","display_name":"Khursheed Aurangzeb","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3647-8578"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I28022161","display_name":"King Saud University","ror":"https://ror.org/02f81g417","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I28022161"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Khursheed Aurangzeb","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Engineering, College of Computer and Information Sciences, King Saud University, P. O. Box 51178, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3647-8578","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Engineering, College of Computer and Information Sciences, King Saud University, P. O. Box 51178, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I28022161"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5058876125","display_name":"Rasha Sarhan Alharthi","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I28022161","display_name":"King Saud University","ror":"https://ror.org/02f81g417","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I28022161"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rasha Sarhan Alharthi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Engineering, College of Computer and Information Sciences, King Saud University, P. O. Box 51178, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Engineering, College of Computer and Information Sciences, King Saud University, P. O. Box 51178, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I28022161"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5038305043","display_name":"Syed Irtaza Haider","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5158-2413"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I28022161","display_name":"King Saud University","ror":"https://ror.org/02f81g417","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I28022161"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Syed Irtaza Haider","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Engineering, College of Computer and Information Sciences, King Saud University, P. O. Box 51178, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5158-2413","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Engineering, College of Computer and Information Sciences, King Saud University, P. O. Box 51178, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I28022161"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5052648906","display_name":"Musaed Alhussein","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5538-6778"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I28022161","display_name":"King Saud University","ror":"https://ror.org/02f81g417","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I28022161"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Musaed Alhussein","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Engineering, College of Computer and Information Sciences, King Saud University, P. O. Box 51178, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5538-6778","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Engineering, College of Computer and Information Sciences, King Saud University, P. O. Box 51178, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I28022161"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5014562556"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I28022161"],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":7.2846,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":32,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.97725619,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"11","issue":null,"first_page":"105069","last_page":"105081"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11438","display_name":"Retinal Imaging and Analysis","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2741","display_name":"Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11438","display_name":"Retinal Imaging and Analysis","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2741","display_name":"Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10250","display_name":"Glaucoma and retinal disorders","score":0.9976000189781189,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2731","display_name":"Ophthalmology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10170","display_name":"Retinal Diseases and Treatments","score":0.9921000003814697,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2731","display_name":"Ophthalmology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7518011927604675},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/diabetic-retinopathy","display_name":"Diabetic retinopathy","score":0.6783215403556824},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6730859279632568},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/glaucoma","display_name":"Glaucoma","score":0.6388412117958069},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/segmentation","display_name":"Segmentation","score":0.6016330718994141},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fundus","display_name":"Fundus (uterus)","score":0.5431557893753052},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image-segmentation","display_name":"Image segmentation","score":0.4521324038505554},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/retinal","display_name":"Retinal","score":0.43026071786880493},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.4175611734390259},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optometry","display_name":"Optometry","score":0.36087125539779663},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ophthalmology","display_name":"Ophthalmology","score":0.35650789737701416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.3485056757926941},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medicine","display_name":"Medicine","score":0.2568076252937317}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7518011927604675},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779829184","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q631361","display_name":"Diabetic retinopathy","level":3,"score":0.6783215403556824},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6730859279632568},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778527774","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q159701","display_name":"Glaucoma","level":2,"score":0.6388412117958069},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89600930","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423946","display_name":"Segmentation","level":2,"score":0.6016330718994141},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776391266","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9612","display_name":"Fundus (uterus)","level":2,"score":0.5431557893753052},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124504099","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q56933","display_name":"Image segmentation","level":3,"score":0.4521324038505554},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780827179","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q422001","display_name":"Retinal","level":2,"score":0.43026071786880493},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.4175611734390259},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119767625","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q618211","display_name":"Optometry","level":1,"score":0.36087125539779663},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118487528","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161437","display_name":"Ophthalmology","level":1,"score":0.35650789737701416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.3485056757926941},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.2568076252937317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134018914","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q162606","display_name":"Endocrinology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555293320","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12206","display_name":"Diabetes mellitus","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2023.3317348","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2023.3317348","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:dc306b1b1e0e484ba95c0f221b52ca54","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/dc306b1b1e0e484ba95c0f221b52ca54","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 11, Pp 105069-105081 (2023)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2023.3317348","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2023.3317348","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5505267364","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"RSPD2023R553","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321145","funder_display_name":"King Saud University"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321145","display_name":"King Saud University","ror":"https://ror.org/02f81g417"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":55,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1969496006","https://openalex.org/W1981173869","https://openalex.org/W1981921464","https://openalex.org/W1997259062","https://openalex.org/W2010965043","https://openalex.org/W2034513030","https://openalex.org/W2034598891","https://openalex.org/W2034786340","https://openalex.org/W2051578148","https://openalex.org/W2109037308","https://openalex.org/W2114063873","https://openalex.org/W2121913681","https://openalex.org/W2132519114","https://openalex.org/W2177654152","https://openalex.org/W2206167351","https://openalex.org/W2488605601","https://openalex.org/W2512450393","https://openalex.org/W2513367050","https://openalex.org/W2541760854","https://openalex.org/W2607394097","https://openalex.org/W2766116723","https://openalex.org/W2782364420","https://openalex.org/W2802388893","https://openalex.org/W2895693960","https://openalex.org/W2906455801","https://openalex.org/W2910318609","https://openalex.org/W2915496375","https://openalex.org/W2940427983","https://openalex.org/W2965410183","https://openalex.org/W2973003726","https://openalex.org/W2980199471","https://openalex.org/W2986274801","https://openalex.org/W2990655933","https://openalex.org/W3010503111","https://openalex.org/W3029875532","https://openalex.org/W3043116777","https://openalex.org/W3085856564","https://openalex.org/W3087406761","https://openalex.org/W3101507774","https://openalex.org/W3104061658","https://openalex.org/W3121304782","https://openalex.org/W3139500978","https://openalex.org/W3197865018","https://openalex.org/W3205018926","https://openalex.org/W3212024209","https://openalex.org/W4207081122","https://openalex.org/W4211078230","https://openalex.org/W4236647340","https://openalex.org/W4245483033","https://openalex.org/W4306790045","https://openalex.org/W4312948662","https://openalex.org/W4317940785","https://openalex.org/W6685230241","https://openalex.org/W6801582624","https://openalex.org/W6803630959"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1980571360","https://openalex.org/W186124986","https://openalex.org/W3176448898","https://openalex.org/W3167510834","https://openalex.org/W4379115808","https://openalex.org/W3207986206","https://openalex.org/W2429379476","https://openalex.org/W2744576618","https://openalex.org/W1979866946","https://openalex.org/W4226141369"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"With":[0],"the":[1,30,64,68,86,91,113,122,131,135,202],"rapid":[2],"advancements":[3],"in":[4,8,89,162,197],"artificial":[5],"intelligence,":[6],"particularly":[7],"machine":[9],"learning":[10],"and":[11,28,40,46,54,71,78,97,116,154,173,181,191,205],"deep":[12],"learning,":[13],"automated":[14,199],"disease":[15],"diagnosis":[16],"is":[17,24,195],"becoming":[18],"increasingly":[19],"feasible.":[20],"Generating":[21],"larger":[22],"databases":[23],"crucial":[25,196],"for":[26,34,50,60,103,111,134,201],"training":[27],"validating":[29],"performance":[31],"of":[32,63,73,124,138,207],"models":[33],"chronic":[35],"diseases":[36],"such":[37],"as":[38,159],"glaucoma":[39],"diabetic":[41],"retinopathy,":[42],"which":[43],"progress":[44],"slowly":[45],"unnoticed.":[47],"Automated":[48],"procedures":[49],"retinal":[51,92,104,139,163,186],"vessel":[52,105,148,164],"segmentation":[53,106],"optic":[55],"cup/disk":[56],"localization":[57],"are":[58,157],"preferred":[59],"large-scale":[61],"screening":[62],"public,":[65],"contributing":[66],"to":[67,120],"early":[69,203],"detection":[70,204],"treatment":[72,206],"eye":[74,208],"diseases,":[75,209],"preventing":[76],"blindness,":[77],"improving":[79,211],"public":[80,212],"health.":[81,213],"This":[82],"paper":[83,129],"focuses":[84],"on":[85,188],"challenges":[87,161],"involved":[88],"segmenting":[90,185],"vessels":[93,115,187],"from":[94],"fundus":[95,140],"images":[96,141],"presents":[98],"a":[99],"modified":[100],"ColonSegNet":[101],"model":[102],"that":[107],"includes":[108],"efficient":[109],"methods":[110],"locating":[112],"true":[114],"applies":[117],"data":[118],"augmentation":[119],"overcome":[121],"issue":[123],"fewer":[125],"graded":[126],"images.":[127],"The":[128,146,166,193],"uses":[130],"optimal":[132],"values":[133],"contrast":[136],"enhancement":[137],"using":[142],"intelligent":[143],"evolution":[144],"algorithms.":[145],"central":[147],"reflex,":[149],"bifurcation,":[150],"crossover,":[151],"thin":[152],"vessels,":[153],"lesion":[155],"presence":[156],"highlighted":[158],"significant":[160],"segmentation.":[165],"proposed":[167],"method":[168],"achieves":[169],"high":[170],"sensitivity,":[171],"specificity,":[172],"accuracy,":[174],"{0.839,":[175],"0.979,":[176,179],"0.966},":[177],"{0.865,":[178],"0.971},":[180],"{0.867,":[182],"0.981,":[183],"0.972},":[184],"DRIVE,":[189],"CHASE_DB,":[190],"STARE.":[192],"work":[194],"developing":[198],"systems":[200],"thereby":[210]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":16},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-05-06T08:25:59.206177","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
