{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4386825122","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2023.3316603","title":"Dynamic Mathematical Models of Theory of Mind for Socially Assistive Robots","display_name":"Dynamic Mathematical Models of Theory of Mind for Socially Assistive Robots","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4386825122","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2023.3316603"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2023.3316603","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2023.3316603","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/10254208.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/10254208.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102878372","display_name":"Maria L. Mor\u00e3o Patr\u00edcio","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-8650-8707"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98358874","display_name":"Delft University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/02e2c7k09","country_code":"NL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98358874"]}],"countries":["NL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Maria L. M. Patr\u00edcio","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Control and Operations, Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-8650-8707","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Control and Operations, Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98358874"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5086713084","display_name":"Anahita Jamshidnejad","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9151-2607"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98358874","display_name":"Delft University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/02e2c7k09","country_code":"NL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98358874"]}],"countries":["NL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Anahita Jamshidnejad","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Control and Operations, Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9151-2607","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Control and Operations, Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98358874"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98358874"],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":1.9035,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":12,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.88119119,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"11","issue":null,"first_page":"103956","last_page":"103975"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12805","display_name":"Cognitive Science and Mapping","score":0.9991000294685364,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12805","display_name":"Cognitive Science and Mapping","score":0.9991000294685364,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10656","display_name":"Child and Animal Learning Development","score":0.9959999918937683,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3204","display_name":"Developmental and Educational Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10448","display_name":"Memory and Neural Mechanisms","score":0.9879000186920166,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7343693971633911},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/generalizability-theory","display_name":"Generalizability theory","score":0.6016945838928223},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5668752789497375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cognition","display_name":"Cognition","score":0.526941180229187},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/perception","display_name":"Perception","score":0.5242633819580078},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/representation","display_name":"Representation (politics)","score":0.49431729316711426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robot","display_name":"Robot","score":0.43323057889938354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.4199208915233612},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human\u2013computer-interaction","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","score":0.417027086019516},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cognitive-science","display_name":"Cognitive science","score":0.3625563085079193},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.14255821704864502}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7343693971633911},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C27158222","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5532422","display_name":"Generalizability theory","level":2,"score":0.6016945838928223},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5668752789497375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169900460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2200417","display_name":"Cognition","level":2,"score":0.526941180229187},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26760741","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q160402","display_name":"Perception","level":2,"score":0.5242633819580078},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776359362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2145286","display_name":"Representation (politics)","level":3,"score":0.49431729316711426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90509273","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11012","display_name":"Robot","level":2,"score":0.43323057889938354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.4199208915233612},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107457646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207434","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","level":1,"score":0.417027086019516},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188147891","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q147638","display_name":"Cognitive science","level":1,"score":0.3625563085079193},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.14255821704864502},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138496976","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175002","display_name":"Developmental psychology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94625758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163","display_name":"Politics","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169760540","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207011","display_name":"Neuroscience","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2023.3316603","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2023.3316603","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/10254208.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:d77387e0b17f49159dff830e94f580f0","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/d77387e0b17f49159dff830e94f580f0","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 11, Pp 103956-103975 (2023)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:tudelft.nl:uuid:af882035-b74b-46fb-8c3b-f8ae742616de","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:af882035-b74b-46fb-8c3b-f8ae742616de","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400906","display_name":"Research Repository (Delft University of Technology)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I98358874","host_organization_name":"Delft University of Technology","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98358874"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nd","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"journal article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2023.3316603","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2023.3316603","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/10254208.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","score":0.7799999713897705}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321012","display_name":"Technische Universiteit Delft","ror":"https://ror.org/02e2c7k09"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4386825122.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4386825122.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":72,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W32892794","https://openalex.org/W60300376","https://openalex.org/W335867701","https://openalex.org/W1502726876","https://openalex.org/W1594352183","https://openalex.org/W1615454278","https://openalex.org/W1922030518","https://openalex.org/W1974909087","https://openalex.org/W1978633991","https://openalex.org/W1987250353","https://openalex.org/W1990642712","https://openalex.org/W1996387377","https://openalex.org/W2011418219","https://openalex.org/W2028828529","https://openalex.org/W2049199149","https://openalex.org/W2093410327","https://openalex.org/W2093468479","https://openalex.org/W2095224843","https://openalex.org/W2099697766","https://openalex.org/W2104753619","https://openalex.org/W2105938655","https://openalex.org/W2108626787","https://openalex.org/W2111040806","https://openalex.org/W2119224589","https://openalex.org/W2127025275","https://openalex.org/W2133202804","https://openalex.org/W2140527237","https://openalex.org/W2140535904","https://openalex.org/W2141538250","https://openalex.org/W2149234824","https://openalex.org/W2160947891","https://openalex.org/W2169427911","https://openalex.org/W2200039991","https://openalex.org/W2283426267","https://openalex.org/W2328180392","https://openalex.org/W2474590732","https://openalex.org/W2520456639","https://openalex.org/W2571600439","https://openalex.org/W2594035753","https://openalex.org/W2609031512","https://openalex.org/W2767879018","https://openalex.org/W2779578326","https://openalex.org/W2790414966","https://openalex.org/W2798152618","https://openalex.org/W2807232219","https://openalex.org/W2811155326","https://openalex.org/W2885156179","https://openalex.org/W2888378763","https://openalex.org/W2930317805","https://openalex.org/W2948083338","https://openalex.org/W2949693231","https://openalex.org/W2977751162","https://openalex.org/W2988906799","https://openalex.org/W3034963685","https://openalex.org/W3035561057","https://openalex.org/W3082359147","https://openalex.org/W3099183241","https://openalex.org/W3123354371","https://openalex.org/W3123921355","https://openalex.org/W3153806243","https://openalex.org/W3207287451","https://openalex.org/W4210940289","https://openalex.org/W4230846333","https://openalex.org/W4245152641","https://openalex.org/W4246257455","https://openalex.org/W6601377319","https://openalex.org/W6611558766","https://openalex.org/W6630252849","https://openalex.org/W6635342212","https://openalex.org/W6731867724","https://openalex.org/W6745769539","https://openalex.org/W6748203849"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2118717649","https://openalex.org/W410723623","https://openalex.org/W2413243053","https://openalex.org/W2015341305","https://openalex.org/W4225593417","https://openalex.org/W2035068594","https://openalex.org/W2059783833","https://openalex.org/W2573498121","https://openalex.org/W3160494304","https://openalex.org/W1549477351"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Interactive":[0],"machines":[1,65,182],"should":[2],"establish":[3],"and":[4,16,21,35,70,94,96,125,144,158,188,200,211,243,256,295,312,321],"maintain":[5],"meaningful":[6],"social":[7],"interactions":[8],"with":[9,37,250,263],"humans.":[10,24,73,107],"Thus,":[11,90],"they":[12,91,114],"need":[13],"to":[14,33,51,59,102,161,239,284],"understand":[15,34],"predict":[17,244],"the":[18,61,67,119,122,138,141,195,209,214,218,237,241,245,248,285,288,304,308,319,323,326],"mental":[19,123,222,305],"states":[20,124],"actions":[22,126],"of":[23,28,44,63,72,77,121,127,146,213,220,226,235,247,267,287,307,325],"Based":[25],"on":[26,57,81,86],"Theory":[27],"Mind":[29],"(ToM),":[30],"in":[31,129,171,205,282],"order":[32],"interact":[36],"each":[38],"other,":[39],"humans":[40,128,147],"develop":[41],"cognitive":[42],"models":[43,76,110,168,197],"one":[45],"another.":[46],"Our":[47,279],"main":[48],"goal":[49],"is":[50,233],"provide":[52],"a":[53,132,149,155,172,192,264,299],"mathematical":[54,151],"framework":[55,152],"based":[56,80],"ToM":[58],"improve":[60],"understanding":[62,217],"interactive":[64,181],"regarding":[66],"perception,":[68,142],"cognition,":[69,143,269],"decision-making":[71,145],"Most":[74],"state-of-the-art":[75,265,289],"behavioral":[78],"theories":[79],"machine":[82],"learning":[83],"are":[84,100,169],"focused":[85],"input-output":[87],"black-box":[88],"representations.":[89],"lack":[92,111],"transparency":[93],"generalizability,":[95],"exhaustive":[97],"training":[98],"procedures":[99,306],"needed":[101],"personalize":[103],"them":[104],"for":[105,137,202],"various":[106],"Moreover,":[108,258],"these":[109,227],"dynamics,":[112],"i.e.,":[113],"do":[115],"not":[116],"mathematically":[117],"describe":[118],"evolution":[120],"time.":[130],"Following":[131],"systems-and-control-theoretic":[133],"point-of-view,":[134],"we":[135,259],"represent":[136],"first":[139],"time":[140],"via":[148],"dynamic,":[150],"by":[153,180],"introducing":[154],"novel":[156],"formalization":[157,266],"an":[159,251],"extension":[160],"Fuzzy":[162],"Cognitive":[163],"Maps":[164],"(FCMs).":[165],"The":[166,224],"resulting":[167,196],"given":[170],"general":[173],"state-space":[174],"representation,":[175],"which":[176,270,281],"can":[177],"be":[178],"used":[179],"within":[183],"known":[184],"model-based":[185],"state":[186],"estimation":[187],"control":[189],"methods.":[190],"In":[191],"case":[193],"study,":[194],"were":[198],"identified":[199],"validated":[201],"21":[203],"participants,":[204,249],"scenarios":[206],"where":[207],"predicting":[208,322],"intentions":[210,242,320],"behavior":[212,246,324],"participants":[215],"required":[216],"dynamics":[219,238],"their":[221],"procedures.":[223],"results":[225],"experiments":[228],"show":[229],"that":[230],"our":[231,261,275],"model":[232,262,290],"capable":[234],"incorporating":[236],"estimate":[240],"accuracy":[252,315],"of,":[253],"respectively,":[254,317],"81.55%":[255],"66.06%.":[257],"compared":[260],"human":[268],"was":[271],"made":[272],"dynamic":[273],"using":[274],"introduced":[276],"FCM":[277],"framework.":[278],"model,":[280],"addition":[283],"elements":[286],"included":[291],"emotions,":[292],"personality":[293],"traits,":[294],"biases":[296],"(thus":[297],"providing":[298],"more":[300,314],"transparent":[301],"insight":[302],"about":[303],"participants)":[309],"showed":[310],"6.25%":[311],"2.45%":[313],"in,":[316],"estimating":[318],"participants.":[327]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2023-09-19T00:00:00"}
