{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4386634226","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2023.3314660","title":"Predicting Free Parking Slots via Deep Learning in Short-Mid Terms Explaining Temporal Impact of Features","display_name":"Predicting Free Parking Slots via Deep Learning in Short-Mid Terms Explaining Temporal Impact of Features","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4386634226","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2023.3314660"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2023.3314660","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2023.3314660","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/10247516.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/10247516.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5032543236","display_name":"Stefano Bilotta","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6947-762X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I45084792","display_name":"University of Florence","ror":"https://ror.org/04jr1s763","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I45084792"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Stefano Bilotta","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Information Engineering, Distributed Systems and Internet Technologies Laboratory, University of Florence, Florence, Italy"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Information Engineering, Distributed Systems and Internet Technologies Laboratory, University of Florence, Florence, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I45084792"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5040101218","display_name":"Luciano Alessandro Ipsaro Palesi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8992-2084"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I45084792","display_name":"University of Florence","ror":"https://ror.org/04jr1s763","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I45084792"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Luciano Alessandro Ipsaro Palesi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Information Engineering, Distributed Systems and Internet Technologies Laboratory, University of Florence, Florence, Italy"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Information Engineering, Distributed Systems and Internet Technologies Laboratory, University of Florence, Florence, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I45084792"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5075359388","display_name":"Paolo Nesi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1044-3107"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I45084792","display_name":"University of Florence","ror":"https://ror.org/04jr1s763","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I45084792"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Paolo Nesi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Information Engineering, Distributed Systems and Internet Technologies Laboratory, University of Florence, Florence, Italy"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Information Engineering, Distributed Systems and Internet Technologies Laboratory, University of Florence, Florence, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I45084792"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5032543236"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I45084792"],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":2.317,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":15,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.8719056,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"11","issue":null,"first_page":"101678","last_page":"101693"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12546","display_name":"Smart Parking Systems Research","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2215","display_name":"Building and Construction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12546","display_name":"Smart Parking Systems Research","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2215","display_name":"Building and Construction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11344","display_name":"Traffic Prediction and Management Techniques","score":0.9919000267982483,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2215","display_name":"Building and Construction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11963","display_name":"Impact of Light on Environment and Health","score":0.991599977016449,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2306","display_name":"Global and Planetary Change"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8211857080459595},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/relevance","display_name":"Relevance (law)","score":0.7562573552131653},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transfer-of-learning","display_name":"Transfer of learning","score":0.6580053567886353},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/occupancy","display_name":"Occupancy","score":0.551102876663208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/plan","display_name":"Plan (archaeology)","score":0.5307897329330444},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","score":0.5283710956573486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deep-learning","display_name":"Deep learning","score":0.5236732363700867},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/term","display_name":"Term (time)","score":0.5227692127227783},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/set","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","score":0.4816838204860687},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.4587976336479187},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convolutional-neural-network","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","score":0.4509319067001343},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.42608487606048584},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transfer","display_name":"Transfer (computing)","score":0.41638800501823425},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/variation","display_name":"Variation (astronomy)","score":0.4142484664916992},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ground-truth","display_name":"Ground truth","score":0.4117882251739502},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.37667015194892883}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8211857080459595},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158154518","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7310970","display_name":"Relevance (law)","level":2,"score":0.7562573552131653},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C150899416","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1820378","display_name":"Transfer of learning","level":2,"score":0.6580053567886353},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160331591","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7075743","display_name":"Occupancy","level":2,"score":0.551102876663208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776505523","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4785468","display_name":"Plan (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.5307897329330444},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776401178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12050496","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.5283710956573486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.5236732363700867},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C61797465","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1188986","display_name":"Term (time)","level":2,"score":0.5227692127227783},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.4816838204860687},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4587976336479187},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81363708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17084460","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","level":2,"score":0.4509319067001343},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.42608487606048584},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776175482","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1195816","display_name":"Transfer (computing)","level":2,"score":0.41638800501823425},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778334786","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1586270","display_name":"Variation (astronomy)","level":2,"score":0.4142484664916992},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146849305","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q370766","display_name":"Ground truth","level":2,"score":0.4117882251739502},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.37667015194892883},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95457728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q309","display_name":"History","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173608175","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q232661","display_name":"Parallel computing","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44870925","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37547","display_name":"Astrophysics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2023.3314660","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2023.3314660","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/10247516.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:flore.unifi.it:2158/1335492","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/2158/1335492","pdf_url":"https://flore.unifi.it/bitstream/2158/1335492/2/Predicting_Free_Parking_Slots_via_Deep_Learning_in_Short-Mid_Terms_Explaining_Temporal_Impact_of_Features.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402033","display_name":"Florence Research (University of Florence)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I45084792","host_organization_name":"University of Florence","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I45084792"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:0d0f7e96fe3d4611827aeda3f43373b6","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/0d0f7e96fe3d4611827aeda3f43373b6","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 11, Pp 101678-101693 (2023)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2023.3314660","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2023.3314660","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/10247516.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","score":0.4699999988079071}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321873","display_name":"Ministero dell\u2019Istruzione, dell\u2019Universit\u00e0 e della Ricerca","ror":"https://ror.org/0166hxq48"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322648","display_name":"Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Firenze","ror":"https://ror.org/04jr1s763"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4386634226.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4386634226.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":70,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1538131130","https://openalex.org/W1560739766","https://openalex.org/W1604826251","https://openalex.org/W1615615219","https://openalex.org/W1815076433","https://openalex.org/W1977999582","https://openalex.org/W1991250587","https://openalex.org/W2002096058","https://openalex.org/W2016210396","https://openalex.org/W2045492180","https://openalex.org/W2046653925","https://openalex.org/W2064675550","https://openalex.org/W2069508080","https://openalex.org/W2076063813","https://openalex.org/W2083539292","https://openalex.org/W2096863518","https://openalex.org/W2098035401","https://openalex.org/W2107093743","https://openalex.org/W2110242546","https://openalex.org/W2111051539","https://openalex.org/W2114657918","https://openalex.org/W2137226992","https://openalex.org/W2157331557","https://openalex.org/W2565330852","https://openalex.org/W2573698050","https://openalex.org/W2594633041","https://openalex.org/W2605397344","https://openalex.org/W2768361919","https://openalex.org/W2785409760","https://openalex.org/W2889294691","https://openalex.org/W2899202888","https://openalex.org/W2903939152","https://openalex.org/W2911964244","https://openalex.org/W2948490758","https://openalex.org/W2963446712","https://openalex.org/W2964199361","https://openalex.org/W2969279223","https://openalex.org/W3004417816","https://openalex.org/W3005929669","https://openalex.org/W3017116930","https://openalex.org/W3023520985","https://openalex.org/W3033940652","https://openalex.org/W3041279471","https://openalex.org/W3081142419","https://openalex.org/W3089297148","https://openalex.org/W3089579806","https://openalex.org/W3094948551","https://openalex.org/W3114785692","https://openalex.org/W3170528855","https://openalex.org/W3172673608","https://openalex.org/W3196948682","https://openalex.org/W3197493795","https://openalex.org/W3197755969","https://openalex.org/W3204126131","https://openalex.org/W4220669265","https://openalex.org/W4225152470","https://openalex.org/W4229021593","https://openalex.org/W4229054651","https://openalex.org/W4239242750","https://openalex.org/W4295094845","https://openalex.org/W4306385795","https://openalex.org/W4312298619","https://openalex.org/W4312381123","https://openalex.org/W4313127911","https://openalex.org/W4388297464","https://openalex.org/W6632100814","https://openalex.org/W6638545294","https://openalex.org/W6674765550","https://openalex.org/W6680532697","https://openalex.org/W6734194636"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4282043467","https://openalex.org/W4388320652","https://openalex.org/W3183901164","https://openalex.org/W3135818718","https://openalex.org/W4290188444","https://openalex.org/W2974316631","https://openalex.org/W3167935049","https://openalex.org/W3003905048","https://openalex.org/W2253429366","https://openalex.org/W3127975138"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Looking":[0],"for":[1,66],"available":[2,33,165],"parking":[3,34,38],"slots":[4,35,155],"has":[5,102,171,225],"become":[6],"a":[7,22,50,60,72,139],"serious":[8],"issue":[9],"in":[10,36,76,91,106,123,166,234,236],"urban":[11],"mobility,":[12],"since":[13],"it":[14],"influences":[15],"traffic":[16],"and":[17,26,78,132,156,187,190,200,210,247],"emissions.":[18],"This":[19,40],"paper":[20,136],"presents":[21],"set":[23],"of":[24,32,53,125,213,221,231,239],"metrics":[25,127],"techniques":[27],"to":[28,70,79,141,150,174],"predict":[29],"the":[30,99,196,211,218,229,237],"number":[31],"off-street":[37],"facilities.":[39],"study":[41,170],"deals":[42],"with":[43,49],"deep":[44],"learning":[45],"model":[46,146],"solutions":[47,90],"according":[48],"mid-term":[51,61],"prediction":[52,62],"24":[54],"hours,":[55],"every":[56],"15":[57],"minutes.":[58],"Such":[59],"can":[63],"be":[64],"useful":[65],"citizens":[67],"who":[68],"need":[69],"plan":[71],"car":[73],"transfer":[74],"well":[75],"advance":[77],"reduce":[80],"as":[81,83],"much":[82],"possible":[84],"any":[85],"computational":[86],"effort.":[87],"Since":[88],"most":[89],"literature":[92],"are":[93],"focused":[94],"on":[95,114,130,148,153,185,215,228],"1-hour":[96],"ahead":[97],"prediction,":[98],"proposed":[100,110],"solution":[101,111],"been":[103,121,172,226],"also":[104,137],"tested":[105],"these":[107],"conditions.":[108],"The":[109,135,158,223],"is":[112],"based":[113,128,147,152,184],"Convolutional":[115],"Bidirectional":[116,201],"LSTM":[117,199],"models.":[118],"Results":[119],"have":[120,161],"compared":[122],"terms":[124],"precision":[126],"both":[129],"occupancy":[131,149],"free":[133,154],"slots.":[134],"provides":[138],"framework":[140],"pass":[142],"from":[143,198],"an":[144],"assessment":[145],"models":[151],"vice-versa.":[157],"obtained":[159],"results":[160],"improved":[162],"those":[163],"already":[164],"literature.":[167],"A":[168],"formal":[169],"conducted":[173],"perform":[175],"feature":[176,203],"relevance":[177,204,220],"analysis":[178],"by":[179,243],"using":[180,244],"explainable":[181],"AI":[182],"technique":[183],"gradient":[186,189],"integrated":[188],"proposing":[191],"new":[192],"heatmaps":[193],"which":[194],"highlighted":[195],"difference":[197],"LSTM,":[202],"(base":[205],"line,":[206],"weather,":[207],"traffic,":[208],"etc.)":[209],"impact":[212],"seasonality":[214],"predictions,":[216],"namely":[217],"temporal":[219],"features.":[222],"comparison":[224],"performed":[227],"basis":[230],"data":[232],"collected":[233],"garages":[235],"area":[238],"Florence,":[240],"Tuscany,":[241],"Italy":[242],"Snap4city":[245],"platform":[246],"infrastructure.":[248]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":8}],"updated_date":"2026-03-27T05:58:40.876381","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
