{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4386590721","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2023.3314191","title":"Joint Framework of Curriculum Learning and Knowledge Distillation for Noise-Robust and Small-Footprint Keyword Spotting","display_name":"Joint Framework of Curriculum Learning and Knowledge Distillation for Noise-Robust and Small-Footprint Keyword Spotting","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4386590721","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2023.3314191"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2023.3314191","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2023.3314191","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/10247011.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/10247011.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5039064020","display_name":"Jae-Bong Lim","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1461-5693"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4921948","display_name":"Pusan National University","ror":"https://ror.org/01an57a31","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4921948"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jaebong Lim","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan, South Korea"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1461-5693","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4921948"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5076574009","display_name":"Yunju Baek","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3873-2624"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4921948","display_name":"Pusan National University","ror":"https://ror.org/01an57a31","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4921948"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yunju Baek","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan, South Korea"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3873-2624","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4921948"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4921948"],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":0.8699,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":5,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.73236901,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"11","issue":null,"first_page":"100540","last_page":"100553"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10860","display_name":"Speech and Audio Processing","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10860","display_name":"Speech and Audio Processing","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11309","display_name":"Music and Audio Processing","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10201","display_name":"Speech Recognition and Synthesis","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8603035807609558},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/keyword-spotting","display_name":"Keyword spotting","score":0.8390018343925476},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robustness","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","score":0.6243104934692383},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5088096261024475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.49083858728408813},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convolutional-neural-network","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","score":0.4457286298274994},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-noise","display_name":"Environmental noise","score":0.43735408782958984},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/noise","display_name":"Noise (video)","score":0.4133448600769043}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8603035807609558},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781213101","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6398558","display_name":"Keyword spotting","level":2,"score":0.8390018343925476},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63479239","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7353546","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","level":3,"score":0.6243104934692383},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5088096261024475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.49083858728408813},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81363708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17084460","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","level":2,"score":0.4457286298274994},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86781634","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2478325","display_name":"Environmental noise","level":3,"score":0.43735408782958984},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99498987","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2210247","display_name":"Noise (video)","level":3,"score":0.4133448600769043},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203718221","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q491713","display_name":"Sound (geography)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114793014","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q52109","display_name":"Geomorphology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2023.3314191","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2023.3314191","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/10247011.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:b45c1752e39a4b74a952717ea34f9b51","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/b45c1752e39a4b74a952717ea34f9b51","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 11, Pp 100540-100553 (2023)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2023.3314191","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2023.3314191","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/10247011.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6414508094","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"IITP-2023-RS-2023-00260098","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320328359","funder_display_name":"Ministry of Science and ICT, South Korea"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320324891","display_name":"Iran Telecommunication Research Center","ror":"https://ror.org/01a3g2z22"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320328359","display_name":"Ministry of Science and ICT, South Korea","ror":"https://ror.org/01wpjm123"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335489","display_name":"Institute for Information and Communications Technology Promotion","ror":"https://ror.org/01g0hqq23"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4386590721.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4386590721.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":45,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1506438021","https://openalex.org/W1821462560","https://openalex.org/W2038484192","https://openalex.org/W2062164080","https://openalex.org/W2219249508","https://openalex.org/W2233116163","https://openalex.org/W2407080277","https://openalex.org/W2507580616","https://openalex.org/W2766245080","https://openalex.org/W2769912137","https://openalex.org/W2797583228","https://openalex.org/W2936774411","https://openalex.org/W2937769560","https://openalex.org/W2963390466","https://openalex.org/W2964187693","https://openalex.org/W2972541922","https://openalex.org/W2973226577","https://openalex.org/W2986725798","https://openalex.org/W3017022801","https://openalex.org/W3032636897","https://openalex.org/W3034368386","https://openalex.org/W3097878195","https://openalex.org/W3113303810","https://openalex.org/W3138154797","https://openalex.org/W3160056314","https://openalex.org/W3160945783","https://openalex.org/W3187567638","https://openalex.org/W3196438592","https://openalex.org/W3196496149","https://openalex.org/W3214721215","https://openalex.org/W4200498145","https://openalex.org/W4205689591","https://openalex.org/W4225325562","https://openalex.org/W4225873749","https://openalex.org/W4226046733","https://openalex.org/W4226253207","https://openalex.org/W4289597973","https://openalex.org/W4296068585","https://openalex.org/W4309129521","https://openalex.org/W4312227358","https://openalex.org/W6638523607","https://openalex.org/W6688816777","https://openalex.org/W6746451879","https://openalex.org/W6750665317","https://openalex.org/W6846688434"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3018114492","https://openalex.org/W3160200750","https://openalex.org/W4248007934","https://openalex.org/W2323788589","https://openalex.org/W1554833030","https://openalex.org/W2961085424","https://openalex.org/W2742860341","https://openalex.org/W4287776258","https://openalex.org/W3027997911","https://openalex.org/W3021430260"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Spoken":[0],"keyword":[1,24,80,213],"spotting":[2,25,214],"has":[3],"been":[4],"widely":[5],"used":[6],"to":[7,17,51,91,108,118,174],"facilitate":[8],"an":[9,144],"always-on":[10],"voice":[11,59,225],"interface":[12],"in":[13,40,203,206,227],"consumer":[14,228],"electronics,":[15],"owing":[16],"its":[18],"simplicity":[19],"and":[20,74,140,168],"low":[21],"latency.":[22],"Small-footprint":[23],"based":[26],"on":[27,35],"tiny":[28,48],"convolutional":[29],"neural":[30,49,148],"networks":[31,50,167],"can":[32],"be":[33,119],"implemented":[34],"resource-constrained":[36],"but":[37],"energy-efficient":[38],"microcontrollers":[39],"real":[41],"time.":[42],"However,":[43],"it":[44],"is":[45,95,106,183],"difficult":[46],"for":[47,57,77,98,151],"learn":[52],"the":[53,110,124,127,159,169,186,217,222],"noise-robustness":[54],"properties":[55],"essential":[56],"successful":[58],"interfaces.":[60],"To":[61,122],"overcome":[62],"this":[63,65],"problem,":[64],"study":[66],"proposes":[67],"a":[68,92,114,135],"joint":[69,84,128,181,200],"framework":[70,85,182,201,219],"of":[71,126,147,162,171,179,224],"curriculum":[72,89,132,153],"learning":[73,90,99,133,161],"knowledge":[75,104,141],"distillation":[76,105,142],"noise-robust":[78,212],"small-footprint":[79],"spotting.":[81],"The":[82,177],"proposed":[83,156,218],"applies":[86],"noise":[87,101,137,172,192,197],"mixture":[88,138],"network":[93,112,115,149],"that":[94],"sufficiently":[96],"large":[97,111,166],"various":[100,195],"situations.":[102],"Subsequently,":[103],"applied":[107],"compress":[109],"into":[113],"small":[116,175],"enough":[117],"onboard":[120],"microcontrollers.":[121],"enhance":[123],"effectiveness":[125,178],"framework,":[129],"we":[130],"propose":[131],"using":[134,185],"new":[136],"strategy":[139],"with":[143,191,210],"effective":[145,160],"ensemble":[146],"snapshots":[150],"each":[152],"stage.":[154],"These":[155],"methods":[157],"enable":[158],"noisy":[163,207],"situations":[164,208],"by":[165],"transfer":[170],"robustness":[173],"networks.":[176],"our":[180],"illustrated":[184],"Google":[187],"Speech":[188],"Commands":[189],"dataset":[190],"mixtures":[193],"from":[194],"public":[196],"datasets.":[198],"Our":[199],"results":[202],"superior":[204],"performance":[205],"compared":[209],"state-of-the-art":[211],"methods.":[215],"Therefore,":[216],"significantly":[220],"improves":[221],"usability":[223],"interfaces":[226],"electronics.":[229]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
