{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4386590930","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2023.3313973","title":"Video Traffic Analysis for Real-Time Emotion Recognition and Visualization in Online Learning","display_name":"Video Traffic Analysis for Real-Time Emotion Recognition and Visualization in Online Learning","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4386590930","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2023.3313973"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2023.3313973","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2023.3313973","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/10247051.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/10247051.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5092842684","display_name":"Ayoub Sassi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-8107-1296"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210112335","display_name":"\u00c9cole Sup\u00e9rieure Priv\u00e9e d'Ing\u00e9nierie et de Technologies","ror":"https://ror.org/021f99908","country_code":"TN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210112335"]}],"countries":["TN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ayoub Sassi","raw_affiliation_strings":["ESPRIT School of Engineering, El Ghazala, Ariana, Tunisia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-8107-1296","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"ESPRIT School of Engineering, El Ghazala, Ariana, Tunisia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210112335"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5070352139","display_name":"Wael Jaafar","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4378-9999"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9736820","display_name":"\u00c9cole de Technologie Sup\u00e9rieure","ror":"https://ror.org/0020snb74","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I49663120","https://openalex.org/I9736820"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wael Jaafar","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Software and IT Engineering, École de Technologie Supérieure (ÉTS), Montreal, Canada"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4378-9999","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Software and IT Engineering, École de Technologie Supérieure (ÉTS), Montreal, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9736820"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5023438756","display_name":"Safa Ch\u00e9rif","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210112335","display_name":"\u00c9cole Sup\u00e9rieure Priv\u00e9e d'Ing\u00e9nierie et de Technologies","ror":"https://ror.org/021f99908","country_code":"TN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210112335"]}],"countries":["TN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Safa Cherif","raw_affiliation_strings":["ESPRIT School of Engineering, El Ghazala, Ariana, Tunisia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"ESPRIT School of Engineering, El Ghazala, Ariana, Tunisia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210112335"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5021349871","display_name":"Jihene Ben Abderrazak","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210112335","display_name":"\u00c9cole Sup\u00e9rieure Priv\u00e9e d'Ing\u00e9nierie et de Technologies","ror":"https://ror.org/021f99908","country_code":"TN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210112335"]}],"countries":["TN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jihene Ben Abderrazak","raw_affiliation_strings":["ESPRIT School of Engineering, El Ghazala, Ariana, Tunisia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"ESPRIT School of Engineering, El Ghazala, Ariana, Tunisia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210112335"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5035446029","display_name":"Halim Yan\u0131k\u00f6mero\u011flu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4776-9354"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I67031392","display_name":"Carleton University","ror":"https://ror.org/02qtvee93","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67031392"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Halim Yanikomeroglu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Systems and Computer Engineering, Carleton University, Ottawa, Canada"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4776-9354","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Systems and Computer Engineering, Carleton University, Ottawa, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I67031392"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":2.6124,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":12,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.90081346,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"11","issue":null,"first_page":"99376","last_page":"99386"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10667","display_name":"Emotion and Mood Recognition","score":0.9922000169754028,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3205","display_name":"Experimental and Cognitive Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10667","display_name":"Emotion and Mood Recognition","score":0.9922000169754028,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3205","display_name":"Experimental and Cognitive Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10429","display_name":"EEG and Brain-Computer Interfaces","score":0.9884999990463257,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11122","display_name":"Online Learning and Analytics","score":0.9832000136375427,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1706","display_name":"Computer Science Applications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/boredom","display_name":"Boredom","score":0.8148590326309204},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7959960699081421},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distraction","display_name":"Distraction","score":0.6583821177482605},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dashboard","display_name":"Dashboard","score":0.5916799306869507},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convolutional-neural-network","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","score":0.5809706449508667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/visualization","display_name":"Visualization","score":0.5608324408531189},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/face","display_name":"Face (sociological concept)","score":0.4524948298931122},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sentiment-analysis","display_name":"Sentiment analysis","score":0.4475201964378357},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human\u2013computer-interaction","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","score":0.44104519486427307},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deep-learning","display_name":"Deep learning","score":0.4138481616973877},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.3946317136287689},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multimedia","display_name":"Multimedia","score":0.38401955366134644},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-science","display_name":"Data science","score":0.28114286065101624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cognitive-psychology","display_name":"Cognitive psychology","score":0.11655360460281372},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.09813454747200012}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777589236","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34255","display_name":"Boredom","level":2,"score":0.8148590326309204},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7959960699081421},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776378700","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3030775","display_name":"Distraction","level":2,"score":0.6583821177482605},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33499554","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1417134","display_name":"Dashboard","level":2,"score":0.5916799306869507},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81363708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17084460","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","level":2,"score":0.5809706449508667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36464697","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q451553","display_name":"Visualization","level":2,"score":0.5608324408531189},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779304628","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3503480","display_name":"Face (sociological concept)","level":2,"score":0.4524948298931122},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66402592","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2271421","display_name":"Sentiment analysis","level":2,"score":0.4475201964378357},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107457646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207434","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","level":1,"score":0.44104519486427307},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.4138481616973877},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.3946317136287689},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49774154","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131765","display_name":"Multimedia","level":1,"score":0.38401955366134644},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2522767166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2374463","display_name":"Data science","level":1,"score":0.28114286065101624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C180747234","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23373","display_name":"Cognitive psychology","level":1,"score":0.11655360460281372},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.09813454747200012},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36289849","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34749","display_name":"Social science","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77805123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272","display_name":"Social psychology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2023.3313973","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2023.3313973","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/10247051.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:0789d1ee9bf04b5bacdbfa2a4ffa1b49","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/0789d1ee9bf04b5bacdbfa2a4ffa1b49","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 11, Pp 99376-99386 (2023)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:espace2.etsmtl.ca:27890","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":null,"pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402392","display_name":"Espace \u00c9TS (ETS)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1341030882","host_organization_name":"Educational Testing Service","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1341030882"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Article publi\u00e9 dans une revue, r\u00e9vis\u00e9 par les pairs"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2023.3313973","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2023.3313973","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/10247051.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.800000011920929,"display_name":"Quality Education","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4386590930.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4386590930.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":34,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1546411676","https://openalex.org/W1966797434","https://openalex.org/W1998476814","https://openalex.org/W2041616772","https://openalex.org/W2130314184","https://openalex.org/W2132658790","https://openalex.org/W2273209678","https://openalex.org/W2556844902","https://openalex.org/W2913942704","https://openalex.org/W2919890647","https://openalex.org/W2945519542","https://openalex.org/W2946480720","https://openalex.org/W2993742162","https://openalex.org/W3000504755","https://openalex.org/W3009386672","https://openalex.org/W3019685876","https://openalex.org/W3022445612","https://openalex.org/W3033730745","https://openalex.org/W3046605101","https://openalex.org/W3047189009","https://openalex.org/W3047531582","https://openalex.org/W3092190099","https://openalex.org/W3163942116","https://openalex.org/W3207292572","https://openalex.org/W4205741333","https://openalex.org/W4238246024","https://openalex.org/W4244328908","https://openalex.org/W4255441728","https://openalex.org/W4281697029","https://openalex.org/W4322739616","https://openalex.org/W6604905598","https://openalex.org/W6632670727","https://openalex.org/W6679661475","https://openalex.org/W6694114847"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4312417841","https://openalex.org/W4321369474","https://openalex.org/W2731899572","https://openalex.org/W3133861977","https://openalex.org/W4200173597","https://openalex.org/W3116150086","https://openalex.org/W2999805992","https://openalex.org/W4291897433","https://openalex.org/W3011074480","https://openalex.org/W3000866861"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Since":[0],"the":[1,4,28,34,84,113,122,137,157,172,195,203,213,281,292,301,320,335],"outbreak":[2],"of":[3,27,81,91,132,149,155,164,199,207,212,239,244,307,322,334],"COVID-19":[5],"crisis,":[6],"transition":[7],"to":[8,14,33,44,70,110,160,259,295],"remote":[9,332],"education":[10],"presented":[11],"several":[12],"challenges":[13,293],"educational":[15],"institutions.":[16],"Unlike":[17,171],"face-to-face":[18],"classes":[19],"where":[20],"educators":[21,249],"can":[22,222],"modify":[23],"and":[24,30,38,59,67,77,192,202,216,235,242,266,275,287,309,331],"keep":[25],"track":[26],"lessons":[29],"content":[31,274],"according":[32],"students\u2019":[35,72,114,214,254,302],"observed":[36],"emotions":[37,73,159,201,241],"participation,":[39],"such":[40],"activities":[41],"are":[42],"difficult":[43],"complete":[45],"in":[46,130,272,329],"online":[47,75,123,220,276,296,323],"learning":[48,76,102,221,261],"environments.":[49],"To":[50],"address":[51],"this":[52],"issue,":[53],"we":[54,179],"propose":[55,180],"here":[56,181],"a":[57,98,146,182,229,285,316],"novel":[58,99,286],"comprehensive":[60],"framework":[61,88,283],"that":[62,175,232,290],"leverages":[63],"advanced":[64],"computer":[65],"vision":[66],"analysis":[68],"techniques":[69],"detect":[71,112],"during":[74,121,219],"assess":[78],"their":[79,305],"state":[80,163,206],"mind":[82],"regarding":[83],"taught":[85],"content.":[86],"Our":[87,125],"is":[89,189,228,326],"composed":[90],"three":[92],"modules.":[93],"The":[94,151,225],"first":[95],"module":[96,153,227],"uses":[97],"lightweight":[100],"machine":[101],"method,":[103],"called":[104],"convolutional":[105],"neural":[106],"network-random":[107],"forest":[108],"(CNN-RF),":[109],"efficiently":[111],"basic":[115,158,200,240],"emotions,":[116,303],"e.g.,":[117,166],"sad,":[118],"happy,":[119],"etc.,":[120],"course.":[124],"approach":[126,314],"surpasses":[127],"existing":[128],"benchmarks":[129],"terms":[131],"accuracy":[133],"(over":[134],"71%)":[135],"on":[136],"FER-2013":[138],"dataset,":[139],"while":[140],"being":[141],"less":[142],"complex":[143],"(i.e.,":[144],"using":[145],"smaller":[147],"number":[148],"parameters).":[150],"second":[152],"consists":[154],"mapping":[156,186],"an":[161],"education-aware":[162,205],"mind,":[165,308],"interest,":[167],"boredom,":[168],"distraction,":[169],"etc.":[170],"few":[173],"works":[174],"proposed":[176,282],"simplistic":[177],"mapping,":[178],"Plutchik":[183],"wheel\u2019s":[184],"inspired":[185],"system,":[187],"which":[188,325],"more":[190],"precise":[191],"reflects":[193],"better":[194],"relationship":[196],"between":[197],"combinations":[198],"resulting":[204],"mind.":[208,245],"Thus,":[209],"our":[210,313],"understanding":[211],"cognitive":[215],"affective":[217],"experiences":[218],"be":[223],"enhanced.":[224],"third":[226],"visualization":[230],"dashboard":[231],"offers":[233],"clear":[234],"intuitive":[236],"real-time":[237,311],"representations":[238],"states":[243,306],"This":[246],"tool":[247,289],"provides":[248],"with":[250,263],"invaluable":[251],"insights":[252],"into":[253],"emotional":[255],"dynamics,":[256],"enabling":[257],"them":[258],"identify":[260],"difficulties":[262],"high":[264],"precision":[265],"make":[267],"informed":[268],"recommendations":[269],"for":[270],"improvements":[271],"course":[273],"teaching":[277],"methods.":[278],"In":[279],"summary,":[280],"presents":[284],"powerful":[288],"addresses":[291],"related":[294],"learning.":[297],"By":[298],"accurately":[299],"detecting":[300],"assessing":[304],"providing":[310],"visualization,":[312],"represents":[315],"significant":[317],"advancement":[318],"toward":[319],"optimization":[321],"education,":[324],"critically":[327],"needed":[328],"rural":[330],"areas":[333],"globe.":[336]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":6}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}