{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4386590678","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2023.3313605","title":"Intelligent Detection of Adventitious Sounds Critical in Diagnosing Cardiovascular and Cardiopulmonary Diseases","display_name":"Intelligent Detection of Adventitious Sounds Critical in Diagnosing Cardiovascular and Cardiopulmonary Diseases","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4386590678","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2023.3313605"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2023.3313605","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2023.3313605","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/10246253.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/10246253.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5020815437","display_name":"X. Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7530-0038"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I141649380","display_name":"Western Michigan University","ror":"https://ror.org/04j198w64","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I141649380"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Xingzhe Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Western Michigan University, Kalamazoo, MI, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7530-0038","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Western Michigan University, Kalamazoo, MI, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I141649380"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5033007222","display_name":"Dinesh Maddipatla","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2288-8779"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I141649380","display_name":"Western Michigan University","ror":"https://ror.org/04j198w64","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I141649380"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dinesh Maddipatla","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Western Michigan University, Kalamazoo, MI, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2288-8779","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Western Michigan University, Kalamazoo, MI, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I141649380"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068600968","display_name":"Binu B. Narakathu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2841-741X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I141649380","display_name":"Western Michigan University","ror":"https://ror.org/04j198w64","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I141649380"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Binu B. Narakathu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Western Michigan University, Kalamazoo, MI, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2841-741X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Western Michigan University, Kalamazoo, MI, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I141649380"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5028074094","display_name":"Bradley J. Bazuin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3638-3176"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I141649380","display_name":"Western Michigan University","ror":"https://ror.org/04j198w64","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I141649380"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bradley J. Bazuin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Western Michigan University, Kalamazoo, MI, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3638-3176","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Western Michigan University, Kalamazoo, MI, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I141649380"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5060873201","display_name":"Massood Z. Atashbar","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2981-6321"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I141649380","display_name":"Western Michigan University","ror":"https://ror.org/04j198w64","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I141649380"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Massood Z. Atashbar","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Western Michigan University, Kalamazoo, MI, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2981-6321","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Western Michigan University, Kalamazoo, MI, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I141649380"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5020815437"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I141649380"],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":0.9861,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":4,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.78825486,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"11","issue":null,"first_page":"100029","last_page":"100041"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12419","display_name":"Phonocardiography and Auscultation Techniques","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2740","display_name":"Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12419","display_name":"Phonocardiography and Auscultation Techniques","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2740","display_name":"Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12790","display_name":"Nursing Diagnosis and Documentation","score":0.9465000033378601,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2910","display_name":"Issues, ethics and legal aspects"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/29","display_name":"Nursing"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12418","display_name":"Respiratory and Cough-Related Research","score":0.9351999759674072,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2740","display_name":"Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/auscultation","display_name":"Auscultation","score":0.7655911445617676},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/stethoscope","display_name":"Stethoscope","score":0.7276497483253479},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.710719883441925},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sound","display_name":"Sound (geography)","score":0.6106519103050232},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/speech-recognition","display_name":"Speech recognition","score":0.5336912870407104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/audio-signal","display_name":"Audio signal","score":0.4918248653411865},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/heart-sounds","display_name":"Heart sounds","score":0.47244793176651},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bioacoustics","display_name":"Bioacoustics","score":0.4324287474155426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/respiratory-sounds","display_name":"Respiratory sounds","score":0.42021825909614563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/event","display_name":"Event (particle physics)","score":0.41400039196014404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/real-time-computing","display_name":"Real-time computing","score":0.35520613193511963},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.347092866897583},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/acoustics","display_name":"Acoustics","score":0.34593990445137024},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.3200768232345581},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medicine","display_name":"Medicine","score":0.24555149674415588},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.13944682478904724},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cardiology","display_name":"Cardiology","score":0.11078596115112305},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/speech-coding","display_name":"Speech coding","score":0.0892372727394104}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777324038","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q779054","display_name":"Auscultation","level":2,"score":0.7655911445617676},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779055095","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q162339","display_name":"Stethoscope","level":2,"score":0.7276497483253479},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.710719883441925},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203718221","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q491713","display_name":"Sound (geography)","level":2,"score":0.6106519103050232},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28490314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189436","display_name":"Speech recognition","level":1,"score":0.5336912870407104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C64922751","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4650799","display_name":"Audio signal","level":3,"score":0.4918248653411865},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779435589","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q967103","display_name":"Heart sounds","level":2,"score":0.47244793176651},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C34951282","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q864191","display_name":"Bioacoustics","level":2,"score":0.4324287474155426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777402568","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q779038","display_name":"Respiratory sounds","level":3,"score":0.42021825909614563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779662365","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5416694","display_name":"Event (particle physics)","level":2,"score":0.41400039196014404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.35520613193511963},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.347092866897583},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24890656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82811","display_name":"Acoustics","level":1,"score":0.34593990445137024},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.3200768232345581},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.24555149674415588},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.13944682478904724},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C164705383","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10379","display_name":"Cardiology","level":1,"score":0.11078596115112305},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13895895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3270773","display_name":"Speech coding","level":2,"score":0.0892372727394104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776042228","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q35869","display_name":"Asthma","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2023.3313605","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2023.3313605","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/10246253.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:9d111404008748ec88b8da0d0033f8d7","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/9d111404008748ec88b8da0d0033f8d7","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 11, Pp 100029-100041 (2023)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2023.3313605","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2023.3313605","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/10246253.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.47999998927116394,"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320309563","display_name":"Western Michigan University","ror":"https://ror.org/04j198w64"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4386590678.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4386590678.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":50,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W763899905","https://openalex.org/W1541358243","https://openalex.org/W1658835325","https://openalex.org/W1969451129","https://openalex.org/W1980128308","https://openalex.org/W2010133002","https://openalex.org/W2037194126","https://openalex.org/W2043392634","https://openalex.org/W2062001351","https://openalex.org/W2075615425","https://openalex.org/W2099439029","https://openalex.org/W2122716433","https://openalex.org/W2126051824","https://openalex.org/W2126934213","https://openalex.org/W2135414619","https://openalex.org/W2161253714","https://openalex.org/W2169767381","https://openalex.org/W2187621838","https://openalex.org/W2278161430","https://openalex.org/W2320340778","https://openalex.org/W2442498987","https://openalex.org/W2476116577","https://openalex.org/W2532615976","https://openalex.org/W2572494275","https://openalex.org/W2769529143","https://openalex.org/W2790761036","https://openalex.org/W2797558498","https://openalex.org/W2901486635","https://openalex.org/W2903937903","https://openalex.org/W2909732001","https://openalex.org/W2923148076","https://openalex.org/W2987965025","https://openalex.org/W2996890481","https://openalex.org/W2998116587","https://openalex.org/W3014676120","https://openalex.org/W3022413454","https://openalex.org/W3033518021","https://openalex.org/W3036482809","https://openalex.org/W3042054600","https://openalex.org/W3045870706","https://openalex.org/W3067049252","https://openalex.org/W3089516292","https://openalex.org/W3089867583","https://openalex.org/W3168806553","https://openalex.org/W3197739186","https://openalex.org/W4226208072","https://openalex.org/W4283316676","https://openalex.org/W4311518578","https://openalex.org/W6638290465","https://openalex.org/W6686699560"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1970711085","https://openalex.org/W4206320658","https://openalex.org/W1601748943","https://openalex.org/W2028865152","https://openalex.org/W4386897925","https://openalex.org/W1972438460","https://openalex.org/W2754177862","https://openalex.org/W2038266136","https://openalex.org/W1980130537","https://openalex.org/W3004587664"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"A":[0],"Multi-Channel":[1],"Stethograph":[2],"System":[3],"(STG":[4],"system)":[5],"was":[6,179,296],"designed":[7],"and":[8,19,40,83,128,157,225,241,247,251,262,271,283,292,316,340],"developed":[9],"as":[10,234],"an":[11,24,97,120,140,259,286],"electronic":[12],"auscultation":[13,266],"system":[14,30,52,94,306],"for":[15,119,143,245],"recording":[16],"heart,":[17],"lung,":[18],"trachea":[20,186,210],"sounds":[21,147,196,275],"non-invasively":[22],"through":[23],"acoustic":[25,34],"sensor":[26],"array.":[27],"The":[28,50,176,212,265,294],"STG":[29,51],"consists":[31,214],"of":[32,68,76,79,130,153,165,189,202,215,288,303,313,319,342],"16":[33,61],"sensors,":[35],"a":[36,41,90,136],"signal":[37,230],"conditioning":[38],"board,":[39],"data":[42],"logger":[43],"(data":[44],"acquisition,":[45],"wireless":[46],"transmission,":[47],"sound":[48,58,71,82,109,204,208,227,257],"visualization).":[49],"captures":[53],"breath":[54,183,216,222,310],"with":[55,89,139,209,285],"any":[56,343],"adventitious":[57,81,108,131,146,192,203,226,274,314,322,351],"event":[59,72,193,323],"in":[60,105,125,161,254,258,336],"locations":[62],"simultaneously":[63,308],"to":[64,100,181,298,307,333],"maximize":[65],"the":[66,69,77,107,117,126,150,159,162,173,190,200,249,255,301,304,317,320,331,337],"information":[67],"specific":[70],"(for":[73],"example,":[74],"detection":[75,339],"origin":[78],"mother":[80,191,321],"extracting":[84],"its":[85],"features),":[86],"when":[87],"compared":[88],"single-channel":[91],"stethoscope.":[92],"This":[93,133],"can":[95,169,269],"be":[96,170],"efficient":[98],"tool":[99],"aid":[101,334],"doctors":[102],"or":[103,123],"physicians":[104],"analyzing":[106],"from":[110],"respiration":[111],"diseases.":[112],"However,":[113],"it":[114],"still":[115],"requires":[116],"need":[118],"experienced":[121],"doctor":[122],"physician":[124],"diagnosis":[127,164,267],"validation":[129],"sound.":[132,211],"paper":[134],"presents":[135],"computerized":[137],"method":[138],"intelligent":[141,263],"algorithm":[142,178,213,268,295],"detecting":[144],"various":[145],"that":[148,324],"are":[149],"key":[151],"characteristics":[152],"cardiopulmonary":[154],"diseases":[155],"(CD)":[156],"assists":[158],"doctor/physician":[160],"continuous":[163],"lungs,":[166],"which":[167,276],"potentially":[168],"beneficial":[171],"during":[172],"COVID-19":[174],"progression.":[175],"proposed":[177],"able":[180,297],"detect":[182,309],"patterns":[184,253],"using":[185,194],"sound;":[187],"location":[188,318],"lung":[195,207,256,344],"(14":[197],"channels);":[198],"determine":[199],"type":[201],"by":[205,346],"correlating":[206],"pattern":[217,223],"detection,":[218],"candidate":[219],"audio":[220],"selection,":[221],"extraction,":[224],"detection.":[228],"Digital":[229],"processing":[231],"techniques":[232],"such":[233],"filtering,":[235],"windowing,":[236],"enveloping,":[237],"discrete":[238],"Fourier":[239],"transform,":[240],"thresholds":[242],"were":[243],"used":[244],"identifying":[246],"classifying":[248],"inhalation":[250],"exhalation":[252],"independent":[260],"(automatic)":[261],"way.":[264],"identify":[270],"distinguish":[272],"discontinuous":[273],"include":[277],"wheeze,":[278],"rhonchi,":[279,282],"wheeze":[280],"&":[281],"squawk,":[284],"accuracy":[287],"96.9%,":[289],"95.3%,":[290],"90%,":[291],"100%.":[293],"fully":[299],"utilize":[300],"advantage":[302],"multichannel":[305],"patterns,":[311],"types":[312],"sound,":[315],"other":[325],"algorithms":[326],"cannot":[327],"achieve.":[328],"It":[329],"has":[330],"potential":[332],"doctors/physicians":[335],"early":[338],"monitoring":[341],"disorders":[345],"providing":[347],"objective":[348],"evidence":[349],"on":[350],"sounds.":[352]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-05-06T08:25:59.206177","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
