{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4386453739","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2023.3312058","title":"Proposed Approach to Investigate the Current and Voltage Distributions of Isolated and Grounded Systems During Earth Fault Conditions","display_name":"Proposed Approach to Investigate the Current and Voltage Distributions of Isolated and Grounded Systems During Earth Fault Conditions","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4386453739","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2023.3312058"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2023.3312058","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2023.3312058","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/10239397.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/10239397.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5065866960","display_name":"Osama E. Gouda","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7092-8387"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I145487455","display_name":"Cairo University","ror":"https://ror.org/03q21mh05","country_code":"EG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I145487455"]}],"countries":["EG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Osama E. Gouda","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Power Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7092-8387","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Power Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I145487455"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5034712444","display_name":"Adel Z. El Dein","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9614-1753"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I86310350","display_name":"Aswan University","ror":"https://ror.org/048qnr849","country_code":"EG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I86310350"]}],"countries":["EG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Adel Z. El Dein","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Power Engineering, Faculty of Energy Engineering, Aswan University, Aswan, Egypt","Department of Electrical Power Engineering, Faculty of Energy Engineering, Aswan University, Aswan, Egypt; Faculty of Technological Industry and Energy, Thebes Technological University, Luxor, Egypt"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9614-1753","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Power Engineering, Faculty of Energy Engineering, Aswan University, Aswan, Egypt","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I86310350"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Power Engineering, Faculty of Energy Engineering, Aswan University, Aswan, Egypt; Faculty of Technological Industry and Energy, Thebes Technological University, Luxor, Egypt","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I86310350"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5077423502","display_name":"Sayed M. Eldin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3151-9967"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I186217134","display_name":"Future University in Egypt","ror":"https://ror.org/03s8c2x09","country_code":"EG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I186217134"]}],"countries":["EG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Elsayed Tag-Eldin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Engineering and Technology, Future University in Egypt, New Cairo, Cairo, Egypt"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3151-9967","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Engineering and Technology, Future University in Egypt, New Cairo, Cairo, Egypt","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I186217134"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5057152540","display_name":"Matti Lehtonen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9979-7333"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9927081","display_name":"Aalto University","ror":"https://ror.org/020hwjq30","country_code":"FI","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9927081"]}],"countries":["FI"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Matti Lehtonen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering and Automation, Aalto University, Espoo, Finland"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9979-7333","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering and Automation, Aalto University, Espoo, Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9927081"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5065700634","display_name":"Mohamed M. F. Darwish","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9782-8813"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I207547235","display_name":"Benha University","ror":"https://ror.org/03tn5ee41","country_code":"EG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I207547235"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9927081","display_name":"Aalto University","ror":"https://ror.org/020hwjq30","country_code":"FI","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9927081"]}],"countries":["EG","FI"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mohamed M. F. Darwish","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering at Shoubra, Benha University, Cairo, Egypt","Department of Electrical Engineering and Automation, Aalto University, Espoo, Finland; Department of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering at Shoubra, Benha University, Cairo, Egypt"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9782-8813","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering at Shoubra, Benha University, Cairo, Egypt","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I207547235"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering and Automation, Aalto University, Espoo, Finland; Department of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering at Shoubra, Benha University, Cairo, Egypt","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I207547235","https://openalex.org/I9927081"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":0.4681,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":4,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.62440723,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"11","issue":null,"first_page":"98362","last_page":"98375"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12737","display_name":"Electrical Fault Detection and Protection","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12737","display_name":"Electrical Fault Detection and Protection","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12424","display_name":"Earthquake Detection and Analysis","score":0.9957000017166138,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1908","display_name":"Geophysics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11874","display_name":"Structural Response to Dynamic Loads","score":0.9866999983787537,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2205","display_name":"Civil and Structural Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/current","display_name":"Current (fluid)","score":0.5471977591514587},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5110667943954468},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/voltage","display_name":"Voltage","score":0.4960695207118988},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fault","display_name":"Fault (geology)","score":0.4823191165924072},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.2638155221939087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.2403409481048584},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.14575740694999695},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/seismology","display_name":"Seismology","score":0.12268897891044617}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148043351","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4456944","display_name":"Current (fluid)","level":2,"score":0.5471977591514587},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5110667943954468},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165801399","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25428","display_name":"Voltage","level":2,"score":0.4960695207118988},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175551986","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47089","display_name":"Fault (geology)","level":2,"score":0.4823191165924072},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.2638155221939087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.2403409481048584},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.14575740694999695},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165205528","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83371","display_name":"Seismology","level":1,"score":0.12268897891044617}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2023.3312058","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2023.3312058","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/10239397.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:aaltodoc.aalto.fi:123456789/123814","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://research.aalto.fi/en/publications/81781a4f-d160-4bf5-a0a9-7e1afc6dbeab","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401663","display_name":"Aaltodoc (Aalto University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I9927081","host_organization_name":"Aalto University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9927081"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:49919d4b17ee46a59df7309182ed20e5","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/49919d4b17ee46a59df7309182ed20e5","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 11, Pp 98362-98375 (2023)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2023.3312058","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2023.3312058","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/10239397.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Life in Land","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/15","score":0.6700000166893005}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321394","display_name":"Aalto-Yliopisto","ror":"https://ror.org/020hwjq30"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320324186","display_name":"S\u00e4hk\u00f6tekniikan Korkeakoulu, Aalto-yliopisto","ror":"https://ror.org/020hwjq30"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4386453739.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4386453739.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":31,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1547140572","https://openalex.org/W1678198929","https://openalex.org/W1968277690","https://openalex.org/W1985921643","https://openalex.org/W2013985314","https://openalex.org/W2040585587","https://openalex.org/W2061002879","https://openalex.org/W2087949694","https://openalex.org/W2095543109","https://openalex.org/W2121195027","https://openalex.org/W2127518010","https://openalex.org/W2146787237","https://openalex.org/W2151779839","https://openalex.org/W2160069538","https://openalex.org/W2161571722","https://openalex.org/W2162506017","https://openalex.org/W2163373876","https://openalex.org/W2164501485","https://openalex.org/W2164555979","https://openalex.org/W2164610591","https://openalex.org/W2166945177","https://openalex.org/W2167446635","https://openalex.org/W2171835241","https://openalex.org/W2315041665","https://openalex.org/W2518472794","https://openalex.org/W2519075410","https://openalex.org/W2912540753","https://openalex.org/W4237716869","https://openalex.org/W4240936203","https://openalex.org/W4286375832","https://openalex.org/W6726581526"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W2390279801","https://openalex.org/W2358668433","https://openalex.org/W2376932109","https://openalex.org/W2001405890","https://openalex.org/W2382290278","https://openalex.org/W2478288626","https://openalex.org/W4391913857","https://openalex.org/W2350741829","https://openalex.org/W2530322880"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"One":[0],"important":[1],"objective":[2],"of":[3,32,44,49,56,76,93,128,135,155,173,178,200],"this":[4],"article":[5],"is":[6,39,66,185],"to":[7,12],"present":[8,37],"a":[9,33,147],"novel":[10],"approach":[11],"study":[13,38],"the":[14,22,30,42,57,74,94,99,102,107,111,126,129,156,160,164,168,183,190,197,203,209,215,220,228,232],"current":[15,84,157,210,217],"density":[16,85,158],"and":[17,26,46,53,80,83,89,106,138,159,175,212],"ground":[18],"surface":[19,166],"potential":[20,162],"around":[21,167],"area":[23],"surrounding":[24],"earthed":[25],"isolated":[27,221],"systems":[28],"in":[29,41,118,150,171,202,208,214,227],"event":[31],"line-to-earth":[34],"fault.":[35],"The":[36,51,91,114],"done":[40],"case":[43,172],"uniform":[45],"two":[47,176],"layers":[48,177],"soil.":[50],"contact":[52],"arc":[54],"resistances":[55],"line-to-ground":[58],"faulty":[59,169],"conductors":[60],"are":[61,86,96,117,180,223,230],"considered.":[62],"A":[63],"grounded":[64,186],"system":[65,222],"usually":[67],"implemented":[68],"with":[69,120,125,193],"rods":[70],"and/or":[71],"grounding":[72,112],"grids,":[73],"impact":[75],"both":[77],"on":[78,98,163],"step":[79],"touch":[81],"potentials":[82],"investigated,":[87],"discussed,":[88],"adapted.":[90],"methods":[92],"calculations":[95],"based":[97],"electrical":[100],"concepts,":[101],"charge":[103],"simulation":[104],"method,":[105],"image":[108],"method":[109],"for":[110,132],"system.":[113],"results":[115,191],"obtained":[116,192],"agreement":[119],"that":[121],"reported":[122,195],"by":[123,196],"others,":[124,198],"benefits":[127],"proposed":[130],"algorithm":[131],"its":[133],"ease":[134],"application,":[136],"simplicity,":[137],"it":[139],"does":[140],"not":[141],"need":[142],"complex":[143],"computer":[144],"programs":[145],"or":[146,187],"long":[148],"time":[149],"calculations.":[151],"3-D":[152],"dimensions":[153],"contours":[154],"electric":[161],"earth\u2019s":[165],"point":[170],"homogeneous":[174],"soil":[179],"presented,":[181],"whether":[182],"network":[184],"isolated.":[188],"Comparing":[189],"those":[194],"differences":[199,229],"2.2%":[201],"Ground":[204],"Potential":[205],"Rise,":[206],"2.46%":[207],"density,":[211],"0.5%":[213],"fault":[216],"passes":[218],"into":[219],"recorded.":[224],"These":[225],"values":[226],"within":[231],"acceptable":[233],"limits.":[234]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-02T09:51:11.867554","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}