{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4386363030","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2023.3311352","title":"Design and Control of an Individualized Hip Exoskeleton Capable of Gait Phase Synchronized Flexion and Extension Torque Assistance","display_name":"Design and Control of an Individualized Hip Exoskeleton Capable of Gait Phase Synchronized Flexion and Extension Torque Assistance","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4386363030","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2023.3311352"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2023.3311352","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2023.3311352","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/10237205.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/10237205.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5054491251","display_name":"Sander De Groof","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6254-8560"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99464096","display_name":"KU Leuven","ror":"https://ror.org/05f950310","country_code":"BE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99464096"]}],"countries":["BE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sander De Groof","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mechanical Engineering, Biomechanics Division, KU Leuven, Geel, Belgium","Department of Mechanical Engineering, Biomechanics division, KU Leuven, Geel, Belgium"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6254-8560","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mechanical Engineering, Biomechanics Division, KU Leuven, Geel, Belgium","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99464096"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mechanical Engineering, Biomechanics division, KU Leuven, Geel, Belgium","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99464096"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5046978179","display_name":"Yang Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4910-6661"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210116480","display_name":"Flanders Make (Belgium)","ror":"https://ror.org/02ndjfz59","country_code":"BE","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210116480"]}],"countries":["BE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yang Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Core Laboratories Productions, Flanders Make, Kortrijk, Belgium"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4910-6661","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Core Laboratories Productions, Flanders Make, Kortrijk, Belgium","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210116480"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5060909024","display_name":"Laurent Peyrodie","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6602-9584"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Laurent Peyrodie","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Smart System and Energy, HEI-JUNIA, Lille, France"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6602-9584","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Smart System and Energy, HEI-JUNIA, Lille, France","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5026849272","display_name":"Luc Labey","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0641-4055"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99464096","display_name":"KU Leuven","ror":"https://ror.org/05f950310","country_code":"BE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99464096"]}],"countries":["BE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Luc Labey","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mechanical Engineering, Biomechanics Division, KU Leuven, Geel, Belgium","Department of Mechanical Engineering, Biomechanics division, KU Leuven, Geel, Belgium"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0641-4055","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mechanical Engineering, Biomechanics Division, KU Leuven, Geel, Belgium","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99464096"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mechanical Engineering, Biomechanics division, KU Leuven, Geel, Belgium","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99464096"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":0.792,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":4,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.72027675,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"11","issue":null,"first_page":"96206","last_page":"96220"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11097","display_name":"Cerebral Palsy and Movement Disorders","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2738","display_name":"Psychiatry and Mental health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11097","display_name":"Cerebral Palsy and Movement Disorders","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2738","display_name":"Psychiatry and Mental health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11023","display_name":"Prosthetics and Rehabilitation Robotics","score":0.9991000294685364,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10510","display_name":"Stroke Rehabilitation and Recovery","score":0.9955999851226807,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2742","display_name":"Rehabilitation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/exoskeleton","display_name":"Exoskeleton","score":0.943701982498169},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/torque","display_name":"Torque","score":0.7066047787666321},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/orthotics","display_name":"Orthotics","score":0.6914544105529785},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gait","display_name":"Gait","score":0.630929708480835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physical-medicine-and-rehabilitation","display_name":"Physical medicine and rehabilitation","score":0.6020185947418213},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5342295169830322},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/stride","display_name":"STRIDE","score":0.49273136258125305},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/treadmill","display_name":"Treadmill","score":0.4531245529651642},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/work","display_name":"Work (physics)","score":0.4201153516769409},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/simulation","display_name":"Simulation","score":0.39469802379608154},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.30124062299728394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physical-therapy","display_name":"Physical therapy","score":0.2695908844470978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medicine","display_name":"Medicine","score":0.24168074131011963}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146549078","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q191944","display_name":"Exoskeleton","level":2,"score":0.943701982498169},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144171764","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q48103","display_name":"Torque","level":2,"score":0.7066047787666321},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776462017","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q59744853","display_name":"Orthotics","level":2,"score":0.6914544105529785},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151800584","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2370000","display_name":"Gait","level":2,"score":0.630929708480835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99508421","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2678675","display_name":"Physical medicine and rehabilitation","level":1,"score":0.6020185947418213},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5342295169830322},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18007350","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7394815","display_name":"STRIDE","level":2,"score":0.49273136258125305},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781464450","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q839144","display_name":"Treadmill","level":2,"score":0.4531245529651642},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18762648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42213","display_name":"Work (physics)","level":2,"score":0.4201153516769409},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44154836","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q45045","display_name":"Simulation","level":1,"score":0.39469802379608154},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.30124062299728394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1862650","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q186005","display_name":"Physical therapy","level":1,"score":0.2695908844470978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.24168074131011963},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78519656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101333","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97355855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11473","display_name":"Thermodynamics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2023.3311352","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2023.3311352","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/10237205.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:lirias2repo.kuleuven.be:20.500.12942/725502","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://lirias.kuleuven.be/handle/20.500.12942/725502","pdf_url":"https://lirias.kuleuven.be/retrieve/4e4566ca-62fe-40d4-8aa1-854b7af706e5","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401954","display_name":"Lirias (KU Leuven)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I99464096","host_organization_name":"KU Leuven","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99464096"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Ieee Access, vol. 11, (96206-96220)","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:5b5e11a13de747868e8f26096aa37c84","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/5b5e11a13de747868e8f26096aa37c84","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 11, Pp 96206-96220 (2023)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2023.3311352","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2023.3311352","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/10237205.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7938052480","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2S05-038","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335322","funder_display_name":"European Regional Development Fund"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335322","display_name":"European Regional Development Fund","ror":"https://ror.org/00k4n6c32"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337753","display_name":"Interreg","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4386363030.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4386363030.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":31,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1535570778","https://openalex.org/W2000943144","https://openalex.org/W2022167001","https://openalex.org/W2045943176","https://openalex.org/W2079149777","https://openalex.org/W2089826029","https://openalex.org/W2111898076","https://openalex.org/W2165584647","https://openalex.org/W2375099263","https://openalex.org/W2492063278","https://openalex.org/W2598666839","https://openalex.org/W2606769614","https://openalex.org/W2612632997","https://openalex.org/W2794301464","https://openalex.org/W2884954606","https://openalex.org/W2896458950","https://openalex.org/W2908002960","https://openalex.org/W2908651043","https://openalex.org/W2914246986","https://openalex.org/W2915264809","https://openalex.org/W2946938118","https://openalex.org/W2947811356","https://openalex.org/W2964210672","https://openalex.org/W2968260563","https://openalex.org/W2969136671","https://openalex.org/W2987827279","https://openalex.org/W3003406845","https://openalex.org/W3202631095","https://openalex.org/W3217024812","https://openalex.org/W4285102200","https://openalex.org/W6839727346"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1998112836","https://openalex.org/W2042856921","https://openalex.org/W3046829355","https://openalex.org/W4388627005","https://openalex.org/W2947640409","https://openalex.org/W4210601529","https://openalex.org/W2224505931","https://openalex.org/W2805310348","https://openalex.org/W2063528413","https://openalex.org/W3123089786"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Assistive":[0],"single-joint":[1],"lower-limb":[2],"exoskeletons":[3],"have":[4],"shown":[5],"potential":[6],"clinical":[7],"benefits":[8],"in":[9,44,85],"patients":[10],"with":[11,28,39,53,165,177],"gait":[12,87,92,192],"deficiencies.":[13],"Torque-controlled":[14],"exoskeletons,":[15,18],"unlike":[16],"position-controlled":[17],"do":[19],"not":[20],"restrict":[21],"voluntary":[22],"movements,":[23],"allowing":[24],"for":[25,37],"safer":[26],"interaction":[27],"the":[29,100,106,121,166,212],"user.":[30],"A":[31,143],"torque-controlled":[32],"hip":[33,77,82],"flexion/extension":[34],"exoskeleton":[35,48,110],"intended":[36],"individuals":[38],"cerebral":[40],"palsy":[41],"is":[42],"presented":[43],"this":[45,114],"paper.":[46],"The":[47,130,184],"features":[49],"series":[50],"elastic":[51],"actuators":[52],"a":[54,117,149,175,178,190,195],"low":[55],"output":[56],"impedance":[57],"and":[58,66,80,88,125,138,193],"individualized":[59],"orthotics":[60],"designed":[61],"using":[62,68],"algorithmic":[63],"3D":[64],"modeling":[65],"manufactured":[67],"additive":[69],"manufacturing":[70],"technologies.":[71],"This":[72],"work":[73],"aimed":[74],"to":[75,156,163,188,210],"mitigate":[76],"extension":[78,97,160,203],"deficit":[79],"excessive":[81],"flexion":[83],"observed":[84],"crouch":[86],"apparent":[89],"equinus":[90],"CP":[91],"patterns":[93],"by":[94],"providing":[95],"an":[96,109,152],"torque":[98,123,204],"during":[99,172,205],"stance":[101,167],"phase.":[102],"We":[103],"expound":[104],"on":[105,151,174],"design":[107],"of":[108,112,120,127,159,181,202],"capable":[111],"performing":[113],"task,":[115],"including":[116],"detailed":[118],"discussion":[119],"design,":[122],"control,":[124,135],"benchmarking":[126],"its":[128],"actuators.":[129],"exoskeleton\u2019s":[131],"mechanical":[132],"structure,":[133],"orthotics,":[134],"user":[136],"interface,":[137],"safety":[139],"functions":[140],"are":[141],"presented.":[142],"performance":[144],"evaluation":[145],"was":[146,186],"conducted":[147],"through":[148],"trial":[150],"unimpaired":[153],"participant.":[154],"Up":[155],"35":[157],"Nm":[158,201],"torque,":[161],"timed":[162],"coincide":[164],"phase,":[168],"could":[169],"be":[170],"achieved":[171],"walking":[173],"treadmill":[176],"stride":[179],"time":[180],"1.2":[182],"s.":[183],"participant":[185],"asked":[187],"simulate":[189],"crouched":[191],"experienced":[194],"lifting":[196],"sensation":[197],"at":[198],"approximately":[199],"16":[200],"stance,":[206],"making":[207],"it":[208],"difficult":[209],"maintain":[211],"crouch.":[213]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
