{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4386362981","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2023.3311268","title":"Multimodal Assessment of Interest Levels in Reading: Integrating Eye-Tracking and Physiological Sensing","display_name":"Multimodal Assessment of Interest Levels in Reading: Integrating Eye-Tracking and Physiological Sensing","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4386362981","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2023.3311268"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2023.3311268","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2023.3311268","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/10237179.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/10237179.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5061612449","display_name":"Jayasankar Santhosh","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-5789-8858"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2802076133","display_name":"University of Koblenz and Landau","ror":"https://ror.org/01j9f6752","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2802076133"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4387152675","display_name":"Rheinland-Pf\u00e4lzische Technische Universit\u00e4t Kaiserslautern-Landau","ror":"https://ror.org/01qrts582","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4387152675"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jayasankar Santhosh","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, RPTU Kaiserslautern-Landau, Kaiserslautern, Germany"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-5789-8858","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, RPTU Kaiserslautern-Landau, Kaiserslautern, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2802076133","https://openalex.org/I4387152675"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5086345966","display_name":"David Dzsotjan","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2802076133","display_name":"University of Koblenz and Landau","ror":"https://ror.org/01j9f6752","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2802076133"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4387152675","display_name":"Rheinland-Pf\u00e4lzische Technische Universit\u00e4t Kaiserslautern-Landau","ror":"https://ror.org/01qrts582","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4387152675"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"David Dzsotjan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, RPTU Kaiserslautern-Landau, Kaiserslautern, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, RPTU Kaiserslautern-Landau, Kaiserslautern, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2802076133","https://openalex.org/I4387152675"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5056876034","display_name":"Shoya Ishimaru","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5374-1510"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2802076133","display_name":"University of Koblenz and Landau","ror":"https://ror.org/01j9f6752","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2802076133"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4387152675","display_name":"Rheinland-Pf\u00e4lzische Technische Universit\u00e4t Kaiserslautern-Landau","ror":"https://ror.org/01qrts582","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4387152675"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shoya Ishimaru","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, RPTU Kaiserslautern-Landau, Kaiserslautern, Germany"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5374-1510","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, RPTU Kaiserslautern-Landau, Kaiserslautern, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2802076133","https://openalex.org/I4387152675"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":1.5435,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":10,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.83460298,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"11","issue":null,"first_page":"93994","last_page":"94008"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11707","display_name":"Gaze Tracking and Assistive Technology","score":0.9933000206947327,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1709","display_name":"Human-Computer Interaction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11707","display_name":"Gaze Tracking and Assistive Technology","score":0.9933000206947327,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1709","display_name":"Human-Computer Interaction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11122","display_name":"Online Learning and Analytics","score":0.9398000240325928,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1706","display_name":"Computer Science Applications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11902","display_name":"Intelligent Tutoring Systems and Adaptive Learning","score":0.9391000270843506,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gaze","display_name":"Gaze","score":0.7623354196548462},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7163099050521851},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/eye-tracking","display_name":"Eye tracking","score":0.6517495512962341},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/context","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","score":0.6278393268585205},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/comprehension","display_name":"Comprehension","score":0.5222095847129822},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.520442545413971},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deep-learning","display_name":"Deep learning","score":0.5120232701301575},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/eye-movement","display_name":"Eye movement","score":0.5119863152503967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reading","display_name":"Reading (process)","score":0.4782537519931793},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reading-comprehension","display_name":"Reading comprehension","score":0.45898425579071045},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/newspaper","display_name":"Newspaper","score":0.4457036554813385},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/class","display_name":"Class (philosophy)","score":0.4357472360134125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human\u2013computer-interaction","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","score":0.32705825567245483}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779916870","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14467155","display_name":"Gaze","level":2,"score":0.7623354196548462},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7163099050521851},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56461940","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q970687","display_name":"Eye tracking","level":2,"score":0.6517495512962341},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779343474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109175","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.6278393268585205},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C511192102","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5156948","display_name":"Comprehension","level":2,"score":0.5222095847129822},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.520442545413971},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.5120232701301575},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153050134","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q760256","display_name":"Eye movement","level":2,"score":0.5119863152503967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C554936623","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199657","display_name":"Reading (process)","level":2,"score":0.4782537519931793},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778780117","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3269423","display_name":"Reading comprehension","level":3,"score":0.45898425579071045},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201280247","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11032","display_name":"Newspaper","level":2,"score":0.4457036554813385},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777212361","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5127848","display_name":"Class (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.4357472360134125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107457646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207434","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","level":1,"score":0.32705825567245483},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112698675","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37038","display_name":"Advertising","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2023.3311268","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2023.3311268","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/10237179.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:946c86f8db734a3ea3d414ed0447bfdf","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/946c86f8db734a3ea3d414ed0447bfdf","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 11, Pp 93994-94008 (2023)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2023.3311268","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2023.3311268","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/10237179.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","score":0.8999999761581421,"display_name":"Quality Education"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320879","display_name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft","ror":"https://ror.org/018mejw64"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320883","display_name":"Agence Nationale de la Recherche","ror":"https://ror.org/00rbzpz17"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4386362981.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4386362981.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":47,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W17296942","https://openalex.org/W1239497932","https://openalex.org/W1770071703","https://openalex.org/W1903029394","https://openalex.org/W1929610448","https://openalex.org/W1964424534","https://openalex.org/W1991486155","https://openalex.org/W1998092071","https://openalex.org/W2006815932","https://openalex.org/W2040331567","https://openalex.org/W2047113965","https://openalex.org/W2060143576","https://openalex.org/W2063372382","https://openalex.org/W2106683011","https://openalex.org/W2109626108","https://openalex.org/W2117651526","https://openalex.org/W2136091964","https://openalex.org/W2148449266","https://openalex.org/W2155632266","https://openalex.org/W2157180310","https://openalex.org/W2170521467","https://openalex.org/W2261059368","https://openalex.org/W2270470215","https://openalex.org/W2489950462","https://openalex.org/W2771487054","https://openalex.org/W2785454749","https://openalex.org/W2806485356","https://openalex.org/W2892035503","https://openalex.org/W2899248983","https://openalex.org/W2932628637","https://openalex.org/W2984017204","https://openalex.org/W2995176960","https://openalex.org/W3000987524","https://openalex.org/W3007536397","https://openalex.org/W3017361427","https://openalex.org/W3022986551","https://openalex.org/W3082076610","https://openalex.org/W3083586833","https://openalex.org/W3103273325","https://openalex.org/W3105178283","https://openalex.org/W3127947522","https://openalex.org/W4231519654","https://openalex.org/W4236970805","https://openalex.org/W4238974347","https://openalex.org/W4399218164","https://openalex.org/W6640209506","https://openalex.org/W6768127960"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4384434815","https://openalex.org/W2161294397","https://openalex.org/W2012644758","https://openalex.org/W2082296339","https://openalex.org/W1701036363","https://openalex.org/W2161828220","https://openalex.org/W1972348076","https://openalex.org/W4362455538","https://openalex.org/W2958385752","https://openalex.org/W2083863157"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Interest":[0],"in":[1,182],"the":[2,73,97,112,129,138,142,167,170,176],"context":[3],"of":[4,62,67,75,141,184],"reading":[5,81,106],"holds":[6],"special":[7],"significance":[8],"as":[9,12],"it":[10],"serves":[11],"a":[13,56,144,150],"driving":[14],"force":[15],"for":[16,192,198],"learning":[17,33,38],"and":[18,22,31,44,51,59,88,99,119,133,149,163,186,190,194,196,203],"education.":[19],"By":[20],"understanding":[21],"leveraging":[23],"students\u2019":[24],"interests,":[25],"educators":[26],"can":[27],"create":[28],"more":[29,57],"effective":[30],"enjoyable":[32],"environments":[34],"that":[35],"promote":[36],"personalized":[37],"experiences,":[39],"enhanced":[40],"comprehension,":[41],"deep":[42,151],"understanding,":[43],"motivation.":[45],"A":[46,172],"multimodal":[47],"approach":[48,148,153],"integrating":[49,85],"gaze":[50,86,98,177],"physiological":[52,89,100,134],"data":[53,87,101],"could":[54],"provide":[55],"comprehensive":[58],"accurate":[60],"assessment":[61],"interest":[63,76,139,157],"levels.":[64],"The":[65,156],"goal":[66],"this":[68],"study":[69],"is":[70],"to":[71,127],"measure":[72],"level":[74],"experienced":[77],"by":[78,84],"users":[79],"when":[80],"newspaper":[82,108],"articles":[83,109],"responses.":[90],"An":[91,116],"experiment":[92],"was":[93],"conducted":[94],"which":[95],"recorded":[96],"from":[102,111,169],"13":[103],"university":[104],"students":[105],"18":[107],"collected":[110],"BBC":[113],"news":[114],"database.":[115],"SMI":[117],"eye-tracker":[118],"an":[120],"Empatica":[121],"E4":[122],"wristband":[123],"were":[124,154,159],"used":[125],"synchronously":[126],"capture":[128],"user\u2019s":[130],"eye":[131],"movements":[132],"data.":[135],"To":[136],"predict":[137],"levels":[140,158],"participants,":[143],"manual":[145],"feature":[146],"extraction-based":[147],"learning-based":[152],"employed.":[155],"divided":[160],"into":[161],"four-class":[162,193],"binary":[164,199],"based":[165],"on":[166],"responses":[168],"participants.":[171],"CNN-LSTM":[173],"model":[174],"using":[175,201],"features":[178],"outperformed":[179],"other":[180],"models":[181],"terms":[183],"accuracy":[185],"F1-score":[187],"with":[188],"52.8%":[189],"51.8":[191],"82.3%":[195],"81.7":[197],"classification":[200],"leave-one-document-out":[202],"leave-one-participant-out":[204],"cross-validation,":[205],"respectively.":[206]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":6}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
