{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4386275568","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2023.3309925","title":"Bit-Plane and Correlation Spatial Attention Modules for Plant Disease Classification","display_name":"Bit-Plane and Correlation Spatial Attention Modules for Plant Disease Classification","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4386275568","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2023.3309925"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2023.3309925","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2023.3309925","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/10234387.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/10234387.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5041596509","display_name":"Xiaotian Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1744-0729"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210134523","display_name":"State Forestry and Grassland Administration","ror":"https://ror.org/03f2n3n81","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210134523"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I31683504","display_name":"Beijing Forestry University","ror":"https://ror.org/04xv2pc41","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1327237609","https://openalex.org/I31683504","https://openalex.org/I4210127390"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Xiaotian Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information Science and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China","Engineering Research Center for Forestry-oriented Intelligent Information Processing of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information Science and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I31683504"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Engineering Research Center for Forestry-oriented Intelligent Information Processing of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210134523"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101531442","display_name":"Weiqun Cao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6195-6928"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210134523","display_name":"State Forestry and Grassland Administration","ror":"https://ror.org/03f2n3n81","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210134523"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I31683504","display_name":"Beijing Forestry University","ror":"https://ror.org/04xv2pc41","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1327237609","https://openalex.org/I31683504","https://openalex.org/I4210127390"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Weiqun Cao","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information Science and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China","Engineering Research Center for Forestry-oriented Intelligent Information Processing of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information Science and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I31683504"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Engineering Research Center for Forestry-oriented Intelligent Information Processing of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210134523"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5041596509"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I31683504","https://openalex.org/I4210134523"],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":6.1845,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":15,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.95722965,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"11","issue":null,"first_page":"93852","last_page":"93863"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10616","display_name":"Smart Agriculture and AI","score":0.9991999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1110","display_name":"Plant Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10616","display_name":"Smart Agriculture and AI","score":0.9991999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1110","display_name":"Plant Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12660","display_name":"Plant Disease Management Techniques","score":0.9290000200271606,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1110","display_name":"Plant Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10494","display_name":"Plant Virus Research Studies","score":0.9143999814987183,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1110","display_name":"Plant Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7236747741699219},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convolutional-neural-network","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","score":0.7004899978637695},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/correlation","display_name":"Correlation","score":0.669884443283081},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6027833819389343},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/plant-disease","display_name":"Plant disease","score":0.568664014339447},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","score":0.517827570438385},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.4931721091270447},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/task","display_name":"Task (project management)","score":0.45704227685928345},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.4454602897167206},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spatial-analysis","display_name":"Spatial analysis","score":0.4427489638328552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.3984720706939697},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.17964383959770203},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.15373888611793518},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biotechnology","display_name":"Biotechnology","score":0.07734841108322144}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7236747741699219},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81363708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17084460","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","level":2,"score":0.7004899978637695},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C117220453","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5172842","display_name":"Correlation","level":2,"score":0.669884443283081},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6027833819389343},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3019235130","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188956","display_name":"Plant disease","level":2,"score":0.568664014339447},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776401178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12050496","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.517827570438385},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.4931721091270447},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780451532","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759676","display_name":"Task (project management)","level":2,"score":0.45704227685928345},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.4454602897167206},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159620131","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1938983","display_name":"Spatial analysis","level":2,"score":0.4427489638328552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.3984720706939697},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.17964383959770203},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.15373888611793518},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C150903083","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7108","display_name":"Biotechnology","level":1,"score":0.07734841108322144},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187736073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2920921","display_name":"Management","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2023.3309925","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2023.3309925","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/10234387.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:9a53ec5d198046cea975c42db1744b4b","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/9a53ec5d198046cea975c42db1744b4b","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 11, Pp 93852-93863 (2023)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2023.3309925","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2023.3309925","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/10234387.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Zero hunger","score":0.7300000190734863,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/2"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4386275568.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4386275568.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":39,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1686810756","https://openalex.org/W2030547107","https://openalex.org/W2194775991","https://openalex.org/W2319902369","https://openalex.org/W2339460098","https://openalex.org/W2470368200","https://openalex.org/W2561572938","https://openalex.org/W2604194943","https://openalex.org/W2616247523","https://openalex.org/W2618530766","https://openalex.org/W2752782242","https://openalex.org/W2789255992","https://openalex.org/W2795016359","https://openalex.org/W2884585870","https://openalex.org/W2886688859","https://openalex.org/W2898685308","https://openalex.org/W2970576551","https://openalex.org/W2982220924","https://openalex.org/W2987984071","https://openalex.org/W3011313660","https://openalex.org/W3015562698","https://openalex.org/W3034552520","https://openalex.org/W3102564565","https://openalex.org/W3177052299","https://openalex.org/W3199188637","https://openalex.org/W4205495162","https://openalex.org/W4206796133","https://openalex.org/W4281846758","https://openalex.org/W4282929256","https://openalex.org/W4287219587","https://openalex.org/W4297810817","https://openalex.org/W4317829628","https://openalex.org/W4323540155","https://openalex.org/W4362468524","https://openalex.org/W6637373629","https://openalex.org/W6703892329","https://openalex.org/W6736512164","https://openalex.org/W6753038380","https://openalex.org/W6753412334"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4293226380","https://openalex.org/W4313906399","https://openalex.org/W4321487865","https://openalex.org/W2811106690","https://openalex.org/W4239306820","https://openalex.org/W2947043951","https://openalex.org/W2318112981","https://openalex.org/W4290997076","https://openalex.org/W4200627878","https://openalex.org/W3182063123"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,65,77,87,108,131],"effective":[1],"and":[2,72,123,128,167],"accurate":[3],"classification":[4,46,63,146],"of":[5,26,43,94,110,137,179,182],"plant":[6,27,44,61,144],"diseases":[7],"is":[8,126,133],"an":[9,56],"important":[10,95],"task":[11],"for":[12,60],"agricultural":[13],"production.":[14],"Therefore,":[15],"some":[16],"studies":[17],"have":[18],"utilized":[19],"convolutional":[20,50],"neural":[21,51],"networks":[22],"to":[23,175],"identify":[24],"categories":[25],"diseases,":[28],"which":[29],"can":[30],"effectively":[31],"reduce":[32],"the":[33,41,92,98,103,111,119,142,151,156,177,183,188],"reliance":[34],"on":[35,49,118,141,187],"crop":[36],"experts.":[37],"To":[38],"further":[39],"improve":[40],"accuracy":[42,109],"disease":[45,62,81,145],"methods":[47,139],"based":[48],"network,":[52],"this":[53],"paper":[54],"proposes":[55],"attention":[57,67,71,79,90,113,153,160,185],"model":[58,68,114,154,186],"designed":[59],"tasks.":[64],"proposed":[66,112,152,184],"contains":[69],"bit-plane":[70,78,85],"a":[73],"correlation":[74,88,104],"spatial":[75,89],"attention.":[76],"localizes":[80],"areas":[82,96],"by":[83,101],"exploiting":[84],"information.":[86],"enhances":[91],"weight":[93],"in":[97],"feature":[99],"map":[100],"establishing":[102],"between":[105],"different":[106,180],"areas.":[107],"inserted":[115],"into":[116],"ResNet101":[117],"AI":[120],"Challenger":[121],"2018":[122],"PlantVillage":[124],"datasets":[125],"87.11%":[127],"99.82%,":[129],"respectively.":[130],"performance":[132],"better":[134],"than":[135],"that":[136,150],"other":[138],"studied":[140],"public":[143],"dataset.":[147],"Experiments":[148],"show":[149],"outperforms":[155],"widely":[157],"used":[158],"universal":[159],"models":[161],"SE,":[162],"CBAM,":[163],"CA,":[164],"ECA,":[165],"BAM":[166],"GC.":[168],"In":[169],"addition,":[170],"ablation":[171],"experiments":[172],"are":[173],"conducted":[174],"verify":[176],"influences":[178],"variants":[181],"results.":[189]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}