{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4386265757","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2023.3309638","title":"3D Monitoring of Toothbrushing Regions and Force Using Multimodal Sensors and Unity","display_name":"3D Monitoring of Toothbrushing Regions and Force Using Multimodal Sensors and Unity","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4386265757","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2023.3309638"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2023.3309638","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2023.3309638","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/10233859.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/10233859.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5051876178","display_name":"Haicui Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3424-0339"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I141591182","display_name":"University of Aizu","ror":"https://ror.org/02pg0e883","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I141591182"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Haicui Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Honda Motor (China) Technology Company Ltd, Guangzhou, China","The Graduate School of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Aizu, Japan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3424-0339","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Honda Motor (China) Technology Company Ltd, Guangzhou, China","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"The Graduate School of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Aizu, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I141591182"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100760612","display_name":"Lei Jing","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1181-2536"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I141591182","display_name":"University of Aizu","ror":"https://ror.org/02pg0e883","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I141591182"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lei Jing","raw_affiliation_strings":["Research Center for Advanced Information Science and Technology (CAIST), The University of Aizu, Aizuwakamatsu, Japan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1181-2536","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Research Center for Advanced Information Science and Technology (CAIST), The University of Aizu, Aizuwakamatsu, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I141591182"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5051876178"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I141591182"],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":2.2787,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":11,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.8803584,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"11","issue":null,"first_page":"94753","last_page":"94771"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10257","display_name":"Oral microbiology and periodontitis research","score":0.9987999796867371,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3506","display_name":"Periodontics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/35","display_name":"Dentistry"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10257","display_name":"Oral microbiology and periodontitis research","score":0.9987999796867371,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3506","display_name":"Periodontics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/35","display_name":"Dentistry"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12439","display_name":"Dental Research and COVID-19","score":0.9987999796867371,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3500","display_name":"General Dentistry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/35","display_name":"Dentistry"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11363","display_name":"Dental Radiography and Imaging","score":0.9976000189781189,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3504","display_name":"Oral Surgery"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/35","display_name":"Dentistry"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/usability","display_name":"Usability","score":0.7975655794143677},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6614867448806763},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mean-squared-error","display_name":"Mean squared error","score":0.5721836090087891},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/random-forest","display_name":"Random forest","score":0.5683512687683105},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.4143206477165222},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.36823663115501404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.23271670937538147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.19830256700515747},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human\u2013computer-interaction","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","score":0.16829103231430054}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C170130773","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q216378","display_name":"Usability","level":2,"score":0.7975655794143677},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6614867448806763},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139945424","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1940696","display_name":"Mean squared error","level":2,"score":0.5721836090087891},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169258074","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q245748","display_name":"Random forest","level":2,"score":0.5683512687683105},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4143206477165222},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.36823663115501404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.23271670937538147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.19830256700515747},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107457646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207434","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","level":1,"score":0.16829103231430054}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2023.3309638","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2023.3309638","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/10233859.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:00d79e9c710a431c80d5487df3836b28","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/00d79e9c710a431c80d5487df3836b28","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 11, Pp 94753-94771 (2023)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2023.3309638","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2023.3309638","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/10233859.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Life in Land","score":0.5299999713897705,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/15"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2590214356","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"JPNP20004","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321034","funder_display_name":"New Energy and Industrial Technology Development Organization"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7223978356","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"22K12114","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320212","funder_display_name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science London"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320212","display_name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science London","ror":"https://ror.org/02m7axw05"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321034","display_name":"New Energy and Industrial Technology Development Organization","ror":"https://ror.org/0055k7a87"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320328617","display_name":"JKA Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/01r88qh41"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4386265757.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4386265757.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":33,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1805649069","https://openalex.org/W1936514292","https://openalex.org/W1968876750","https://openalex.org/W1988424993","https://openalex.org/W2003836836","https://openalex.org/W2038611628","https://openalex.org/W2052952280","https://openalex.org/W2057849233","https://openalex.org/W2082943337","https://openalex.org/W2335254247","https://openalex.org/W2546432315","https://openalex.org/W2588787721","https://openalex.org/W2777817849","https://openalex.org/W2864036222","https://openalex.org/W2922520962","https://openalex.org/W2969598354","https://openalex.org/W3010457767","https://openalex.org/W3015398733","https://openalex.org/W3081011560","https://openalex.org/W3095027892","https://openalex.org/W3126383194","https://openalex.org/W3171151224","https://openalex.org/W3213060239","https://openalex.org/W4210901557","https://openalex.org/W4226242352","https://openalex.org/W4294865197","https://openalex.org/W4311413016","https://openalex.org/W4312190543","https://openalex.org/W4319978098","https://openalex.org/W4321597940","https://openalex.org/W4385801746","https://openalex.org/W6640597894","https://openalex.org/W6852191438"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2772917594","https://openalex.org/W2036807459","https://openalex.org/W2058170566","https://openalex.org/W2755342338","https://openalex.org/W2166024367","https://openalex.org/W3116076068","https://openalex.org/W2229312674","https://openalex.org/W2951359407","https://openalex.org/W2079911747","https://openalex.org/W1969923398"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,145,182],"goal":[1],"of":[2,30,54,118,190],"this":[3,23,168,191],"study":[4],"is":[5,41,113,122,155,162],"to":[6,9,13,51,65,84,96,132,177],"help":[7],"people":[8],"monitor":[10],"brushing":[11,31,34,67,86,103,125,170,187],"process":[12],"maintain":[14],"their":[15],"oral":[16],"quality":[17,45],"by":[18],"providing":[19],"real-time":[20],"feedback.":[21],"In":[22],"research,":[24],"a":[25,55,88],"low-cost":[26],"toothbrushing":[27,44],"monitoring":[28,171,188],"system":[29,189],"regions":[32],"and":[33,39,57,76,115,141,197],"force":[35,70,126],"using":[36],"multimodal":[37],"sensors":[38,71],"Unity":[40,93],"proposed":[42],"for":[43,157,164],"monitoring.":[46],"An":[47],"inertial":[48],"sensor":[49],"attached":[50],"the":[52,74,106],"handle":[53],"toothbrush":[56,75],"Random":[58,77],"Forester":[59],"Classifier":[60],"(RFC)":[61],"model":[62,81],"were":[63,82,130,175],"used":[64,83],"estimate":[66,85],"regions;":[68],"five":[69],"clipped":[72],"on":[73,92,136],"Forest":[78],"Regression":[79],"(RFR)":[80],"force;":[87],"visual":[89],"interface":[90],"based":[91],"was":[94],"designed":[95],"display":[97],"detection":[98,120],"results":[99,107,146,183],"in":[100,134,179],"real-time.":[101],"For":[102,124,167],"region":[104],"detection,":[105,127],"show":[108,147,184],"that":[109,148,185],"offline":[110],"verification":[111],"accuracy":[112,117],"97.6%,":[114],"average":[116,149,160],"online":[119],"method":[121],"74.0%.":[123],"5":[128],"subjects":[129,174],"invited":[131,176],"participate":[133,178],"experiment":[135],"both":[137],"User":[138,142],"Dependent":[139],"(UD)":[140],"Independent":[143],"(UI).":[144],"Root":[150],"Mean":[151],"Squared":[152],"Error":[153],"(RMSE)":[154],"22.08g":[156],"UD":[158],"experiment;":[159],"RMSE":[161],"37.06g":[163],"UI":[165],"experiment.":[166,181],"3D":[169,186],"system,":[172],"20":[173],"usability":[180],"research":[192],"has":[193],"good":[194],"usability,":[195],"performance,":[196],"user":[198],"satisfaction.":[199]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-05-06T08:25:59.206177","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}